益智膏治疗小儿智力低下34例临床观察

[目的]观察应用益智膏配合针刺改善肾精不足型智力低下患儿智能水平的临床疗效。[方法]将68例入组患儿按照随机数字表法分成治疗组和对照组,治疗组34例给予服用益智膏、针刺、康复训练,对照组34例给予针刺、康复训练;采用中国韦氏幼儿、儿童智力量表进行评分,应用尼莫地平法计算智商(IQ)分值提高率。[结果]益智膏配合针刺治疗肾精不足型智力低下有效,临床总体疗效优于对照组,两组比较具有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]益智膏配合针刺治疗肾精不足型智力低下临床疗效确切。     

Long-term survival after chronic subdural haematoma

Outcome after chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) is invariably assumed favourable: however, little data regarding long term survival (LTS) exists. One study reported excess mortality restricted to year 1, but with expected actuarial rates thereafter. We aimed to determine LTS after CSDH in a retrospective analysis relative to actuarial data from age-matched controls. Data was obtained in n = 155, (M:F 97:58, 69.3 ± 2.3 years). Follow-up maxima was 14.19 years (mean: 4.02 ± 3.07 years, median: 5.2 years). Mortality in-hospital, at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years and 5 years was n = 13 (8.39%), n = 22 (14.19%), n = 31 (20.35%), n = 42 (27.1%) and n = 54 (34.84%). LTS was significantly worse than controls (5.29 ± 0.59 years vs. 17.74 ± 1.8 years, hazard ratio [HR]: 3.52, P < 0.0001). Death most frequently related to pneumonia/sepsis and ischemic heart disease (IHD). Median modified Rankin score (mRS) in those discharged home (n = 94, 60.65%) was 2 [IQR: 1–3]. Discharge mRS in those who died at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years and 5 years was 5 [IQR: 3–6], 5 [IQR: 4–6], 3 [IQR: 1–3], 4 [IQR: 2–5]. Discharge mRS was significantly worse with year 1 mortality (P = 0.014). LTS related to discharge mRS (HR: 37.006, P < 0.001), post-operative motor-score (HR: 0.581, P = 0.0026), IHD (HR: 5.186, P = 0.005), warfarin-use (HR: 5.93, P = 0.036) and dementia (HR: 5.39, P = 0.031). No long term recurrences (LTR) were recorded. Although most were discharged home with mRS = 2, LTS was markedly less than previously reported: peers lived 12.4 years longer. Although greater in year 1, excess mortality was not restricted to year 1, but continued throughout prolonged follow-up. LTS related to discharge disability and dependence, and co-morbid risk factors for cerebral atrophy. No LTR suggests that, once ultimately closed, the ‘subdural space’ remains closed. CSDH patients represent a vulnerable group who require continued long-term medical surveillance.     

Characterization of carbapenem resistance mechanisms in Klebsiella pneumoniae and in vitro synergy of the colistin–meropenem combination

Abstract

In this prospective study, consecutive isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were tested for different mechanisms of carbapenem resistance using the modified Hodge test (MHT), Rosco Neo-Sensitabs (ROSCO). Phenylalanine arginine beta-naphthylamide assay (PABN) inhibitor-based test was done on isolates in which the mechanism of resistance was not identifiable by the ROSCO. Among 105 selected isolates, carbapenemase production was noted in 100 (95%) by MHT and ROSCO showed 97 (92·4%) inhibition with dipicolinic acid signifying the production of MBL. PCR amplification was positive in 90 (86%) isolates for bla_NDM-1 and 46 (44%) isolates for bla_OXA-48. 54 (51%) isolates were positive for bla_CTX-M and all belonged to bla_CTX-M group 1. Isolates co produced bla_OXA-48 (31/105, 30%) and bla_CTX-M (40/105, 38%) in combination with the carbapenemase (bla_NDM-1) gene. Five colistin-resistant isolates were positive for bla_OXA-48. Eight isolates did not show inhibition with any of the inhibitor containing disks and found to be positive for bla_OXA-48. Isolates were tested for colistin-meropenem synergy and detection rate was higher by the checkerboard (48%) than E-test method (35%). Our study necessitates continuous surveillance to recognize the predominant machinery of resistance in a particular geographical region to formulate effective control measures.     

改良腹膜外剖宫产术和改良子宫下段剖宫产术比较

目的：探讨改良式腹膜外剖宫产术与改良式子宫下段剖宫产术的术后情况。方法对2009年1月~2012年12月河南省登封市中医院行两种术式剖宫产的患者，进行回顾性分析，比较其手术时间、术后情况。结果观察组和对照组体温升高再恢复至正常时间分别为（18.8±2.6）h、（20.6±3.0）h，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）；通气时间分别为（16.25±9.25）h、（22.32±10.50）h，显著缩短（P＜0.01）；术后外周血白细胞计数分别为（6.5±1.6）×109/L、（7.1±2.3）×109/L，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；术后镇痛药物应用比例分别为20（20%）、60（60%），差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论改良式腹膜外剖宫产术术后情况优于改良式子宫下段剖宫产术，改良式腹膜外剖宫产术值得推广。     

改良超滤与零平衡超滤结合应用于婴幼儿体外循环手术59例的体会

目的总结改良超滤与零平衡超滤在59例婴幼儿体外循环手术中结合应用的经验、方法及临床效果。方法 59例婴幼儿,其中男40例,女19例,年龄4月～3岁之间,体重5～14kg,体外循环手术中均采用在体外循环过程中根据灌注压、红细胞压积给予零平衡超滤,停机后给予改良超滤。结果 59例患儿均顺利停机,无1例死亡,未出现超滤并发症,转中血球压积18～30(22.5±2)%,停机改良超滤后血球压积上升至32～38(35.8±1.4)%,在CCU住院时间为2～6d,皆顺利出院。结论在婴幼儿体外循环中将零平衡超滤与改良超滤的结合应用,零平衡超滤利于炎性介质的滤出,改良超滤可在CPB结束后快速排出多余的水分,提高红细胞压积,改善心肺功能,适用于低体重血液稀释度大的婴幼儿及体外循环时间长者。     

Predicting and reducing cranioplasty infections by clinical,radiographic and operative parameters – A historical cohort study

Cranioplasty is a relatively straightforward and common procedure, yet it carries a substantial rate of infection that causes major morbidity and mortality. The authors’ objective was to assess the effect of various variables on the risk of developing post-cranioplasty infections, and to enable the prediction and reduction of its incidence, contributing to an improved patient-selection. The medical records, microbiologic cultures, imaging studies and operative reports of patients who have undergone cranioplasty between the years 2008–2014 at Sheba Medical Center, a tertiary care teaching hospital in Tel-Hashomer, Israel, were reviewed and evaluated for potential predictive factors of infection. Cox regression was applied for uni- as well as multi-variate analyses, and a Kaplan–Meier curve and Log-Rank test were used to describe the association between neurological deficit prior to operation and occurrence of infection. Eighty-eight patients who had undergone cranioplasties using autologous as well as various artificial materials were included in the study. The overall rate of infection was 13.6%; median time to infection was 30.5 days (interquartile range: 17.35–43.5). Pre-operative degree of neurological disability was the strongest predictor for infection in both uni- and multi-variate analyses (Hazard ratio [HR] = 18.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.9–187 p = 0.014). Patients admitted due to trauma (HR = 7.04 CI: 0.9–54.6, p = 0.062) and autologous graft material (HR = 2.88, 95% CI: 0.92–9.09, p = 0.07) were associated with a trend toward a higher risk for infection. In conclusion, careful patient selection is a key concept in avoiding harmful post-cranioplasty infections. Modified Rankin Score yields a well-established tool that predicts the risk of infection.     

改良混合痔切除术的临床研究

为探讨改良混合痔切除术的临床疗效，本研究将40例重度混合痔患者随机分为两组，一组予改良混合痔切除术（治疗组）治疗，一组予传统外剥内扎术（对照组）治疗，对比分析两组患者疗效、术后并发症、创面愈合时间、药比、住院费用、住院时问及患者满意度。结果显示，两组疗效、创面愈合时间、药比及肛门狭窄和尿潴留方面差异均无统计学意义，P〉0．05；但在住院费用、住院时间、患者满意度及后遗皮赘、肛缘水肿、创面出血、术区疼痛方面差异有均统计学意义，P〈0．05，且治疗组优于对照组。结果表明，改良混合痔切除术治疗重度混合痔疗效确切，术后并发症少，不影响肛门功能和外观，患者满意度高，值得临床推广。     

峡部入路与上外侧入路方法在改良Miccoli手术中的临床应用

目的：探讨峡部入路方法在改良Miccoli手术中应用的效果。方法选择2013年2月~2014年10月抚顺市中心医院收治的行改良Miccoli手术的56例良性甲状腺疾病患者,将其分为峡部入路组(n =30)与上外侧入路组(n=26),由同一手术组人员完成手术,比较不同入路方法患者手术时间、手术出血量、术后24 h引流量以及术后住院时间的差异。结果55例患者成功行改良Miccoli手术,上外侧入路组中1例患者术中出血中转开放手术,1例患者出现暂时性声音嘶哑,其余患者未见声音嘶哑、饮水呛咳、手足抽搐等严重并发症。峡部入路组和上外侧入路组的手术时间、手术出血量及术后24 h引流量比较差异有统计学意义(P约0.05),术后住院时间比较差异无统计学意义(P跃0.05)。结论峡部入路方法应用在改良Miccoli手术中可缩短手术时间,减少手术出血量及术后引流量,值得临床推广。     

改良腮腺浅叶部分切除术治疗38例腮腺良性肿瘤临床分析

目的 探索改良腮腺浅叶部分切除术对腮腺良性肿瘤的治疗效果.方法 选取38例腮腺良性肿瘤患者为研究对象,采用改良腮腺浅叶部分切除术,联合使用超声刀和生物修复膜,观察其临床疗效.结果 手术时间为(70.5±10.2) min,术中出血量为(60.6±25.5) mL.所有患者术后随访6个月～1年,无复发和永久性面瘫出现;3例患者有短暂性耳垂麻木,术后3～6个月恢复正常;患者未出现明显进食时皮肤潮红和出汗等味觉出汗综合征表现;未出现明显面部凹陷畸形.结论 腮腺浅叶部分切除术联合使用超声刀和生物修复膜治疗腮腺良性肿瘤,不仅能缩短手术时间,减少出血量,还能减少术后复发和并发症的发生.