改良加速康复外科方案在二级医院腹部微创手术患者围术期的实施与效果评价

目的 探讨个性化的改良加速康复外科（ERAS）方案在二级医院腹部微创手术患者围术期的实施方法与效果。方法 选择在二级医院行腹部微创手术的102例患者,分为观察组51例和对照组49例,对照组患者围术期采用传统的ERAS处理方案,观察组患者围术期采用个性化的改良ERAS处理方案,比较2组患者临床指标及术后并发症发生情况。结果 与对照组相比,观察组术后排气时间较早、术后24 h 疼痛视觉模拟评分较低、住院时间较短（P均< 0.05）。观察组恶心、呕吐、腹胀、肠梗阻及术后低体温等并发症的发生率均低于对照组（P均< 0.05）。结论 在二级医院运用个性化的改良ERAS方案,可减少腹部微创手术患者术后并发症的发生,促进患者早期康复,缩短住院时间。     

全关节镜下改良Broström术治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳的临床疗效观察

目的 探讨全关节镜下改良Broström术治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳的临床疗效。方法 回顾性研究。纳入2016年1月—2018年6月徐州市中心医院慢性踝关节外侧不稳患者33例(33侧),其中男20例、女13例,年龄16～55(30.3±5.7)岁;右侧22例,左侧11例。病程12~48(25.6±14.2)个月。受伤原因:扭伤28例,车祸伤5例。所有患者进行全关节镜下的改良Broström手术。术后定期随访,观察患者伤口愈合情况,并发症发生情况,观察踝关节活动情况,踝关节内翻应力试验、踝关节前抽屉试验检查踝关节稳定情况及步态。术后12个月采用疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评价踝关节疼痛情况,采用美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)踝与后足评分和Karlsson 踝关节功能评分(KAFS)评价踝关节功能。对比患者手术前与术后12个月VAS、AOFAS、KAFS评分改善情况。结果 33例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间35～80(50.3±12.6)min。术后患者切口均一期愈合,未出现伤口感染、神经损伤、血管损伤、肌腱损伤等并发症。33例患者均获得随访,随访时间12～40(25.0±10.7)个月。末次随访时,患者均无置入物排斥反应或线结反应;踝关节疼痛完全消失,关节活动度良好;踝关节内翻应力试验、踝关节前抽屉试验均阴性,未出现踝关节外侧不稳定,患者均恢复正常步态。术后12个月依据AOFAS评分标准,踝关节功能优27例、良6例;依据KAFS评分标准,踝关节功能优28例、良5例。术后12个月VAS评分由术前(6.02±1.93)分降低到(1.33±0.16)分,AOFAS评分由术前(61.75±13.08)分提高到(92.37±4.15)分,KAFS评分由术前(64.46±10.81)分提高到(93.19±5.58)分,差异均有统计学意义(t=12.765, -13.303, -12.346, P值均＜0.05)。结论 全关节镜下改良Broström术,手术创伤小,是一种治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳的有效方法。     

Dental and skeletal effects after total arch distalization using modified C-palatal plate on hypo- and hyperdivergent Class II malocclusions in adolescents

ObjectivesTo compare the dental and skeletal treatment effects after total arch distalization using modified C-palatal plates (MCPPs) on adolescent patients with hypo- and hyperdivergent Class II malocclusion.Materials and MethodsThe study group included 40 patients with Class II malocclusion (18 boys and 22 girls, mean age = 12.2 ± 1.4 years) treated with MCPPs. Fixed orthodontic treatment started with the distalizing process in both groups. Participants were divided into hypo- or hyperdivergent groups based on their pretreatment Frankfort mandibular plane angle (FMA) ≤22° or ≥28°, respectively. Pre- and posttreatment lateral cephalograms were digitized, and 23 variables were measured and compared for both groups using paired and independent t-tests.ResultsThe hyper- and hypodivergent groups showed 2.7 mm and 4.3 mm of first molar crown distalizing movement, respectively (P < .001). The hypodivergent group had a slight 2.2° crown distal tipping of first molars compared with 0.3° in the hyperdivergent group. After distalization, the FMA increased 3.1° and 0.3°, in the hypodivergent and hyperdivergent groups, respectively (P < .001). SNA decreased in the hypodivergent group, while other skeletal variables presented no statistically significant differences in the changes between the groups.ConclusionsThe hypodivergent group showed more distal and tipping movement of the maxillary first molar and increased FMA than the hyperdivergent group. Therefore, clinicians must consider vertical facial types when distalizing molars using MCPPs in Class II nonextraction treatment.     

Effect of releasing quadratus lumborum muscle on hip and knee muscle length in asymptomatic individuals

BackgroundQuadratus lumborum muscle (QL) is one of several muscles subject to tightness and relevant to symptoms in the back and hip. Although releasing the tight QL seems to resolve these symptoms in clinic, no study has investigated the effects of such releasing on the length of the hip and knee muscles.ObjectiveTo compare muscle length of the hip and knee joints between pre- and post-releasing the QL.MethodsA quasi-experimental design (one-group pretest-posttest design) was conducted. Thirty asymptomatic participants with mean age of 20.40 years took part in the study. An examiner assessed the participants’ pelvic transverse gliding movement in standing and rotation of the upper trunk in supine to perceive the end feel of tissue resistance. The side with perceived more muscle tension was selected for receiving muscle release. Before manually releasing the QL, the participant was in the modified Thomas test position and pre-test range of motion (ROM) of hip flexion, hip abduction, and knee flexion angles was measured using a standard goniometer. After releasing the QL, the aforementioned angles were measured for post-test ROM.ResultsThe hip flexion angle was significantly reduced after releasing the QL (p < 0.05), whereas no statistically significant differences were found for the other 2 angles (p > 0.05).ConclusionThe length of iliopsoas muscle was increased after releasing the QL. The findings may be due to continuous fascial connection and similar attachment of the origins of these 2 muscles.Clinical trial registration numberNCT03016559.     

An unexpected case of Cardiobacterium valvarum prosthetic arthritis without cardiac lesions: Case report and literature review

We report a case of prosthetic arthritis caused by Cardiobacterium valvarum, which has been exclusively reported to cause intravascular infections. A 81-year-old Japanese female complained prosthetic knee joint pain. Arthrocentesis cultured no pathogen, and surgical replacement of the implant surface was performed. Modified Levinthal medium culture and 16S rRNA sequencing has finally led to diagnosis of C. valvarum prosthetic knee arthritis without cardiac lesions.Fastidious bacteria such as C. valvarum can be candidate pathogens of orthopedic infections whose causative agents are sometimes unidentified. Further development of molecular diagnostics is expected, but also the importance of conventional methods should be noted.     

莫匹罗星软膏有关物质测定方法的建立

目的 建立莫匹罗星软膏有关物质HPLC分析方法。方法 采用Agilent Zorbax C8(250mm×4.6mm, 5μm)色谱柱,柱温：30℃,流动相：以pH5.7乙酸铵溶液-四氢呋喃不同比例线性梯度洗脱,流速：0.8mL/min,检测波长：240nm,进样量：20μL。结果 莫匹罗星及莫匹罗星杂质C、D、E分别在25~100μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好;定量限分别为0.016、0.047、0.019及0.020μg;杂质C、D和E的平均回收率分别为103.7%、98.6%和93.9%;重复性RSD均小于1.0%;酸、碱、高温、氧化、光照强制降解试验证明方法的专属性良好。结论 所建立的方法专属性、准确性及耐用性均良好,可用于莫匹罗星软膏有关物质的检测。     

乳腺癌改良根治术后自体背阔肌皮瓣乳房重建术后X线表现

目的：探讨乳腺癌改良根治术及自体背阔肌皮瓣乳房重建术后X线表现。方法：46例行乳腺癌改良根治术及自体背阔肌皮瓣乳房重建术的患者,术后使用GE Senographe DS全数字化乳腺摄影机进行检查。结果：46例中于重建术后第一年内进行X线检查者12例,主要表现为背阔肌影约占乳房一半者9例,小于一半者2例,大于一半者仅1例;重建术后第二年内进行X线检查者21例,表现为背阔肌影约占乳房一半者有2例,小于一半者18例,大于一半者1例;重建术后第三年内进行X线检查者13例,均表现为背阔肌影明显小于乳房的一半。乳房重建术后其它表现：出现钙化影3例,小结节影2例。结论：乳腺癌根治术及自体背阔肌皮瓣乳房重建术后,随着时间延长而表现为背阔肌逐渐萎缩、局部脂肪逐渐增多。     

湿润烧伤膏联合创疡贴治疗失禁相关性皮炎的疗效分析

目的探讨湿润烧伤膏联合创疡贴治疗失禁相关性皮炎的临床疗效。方法将2013年10月至2014年8月收治的34例失禁相关性皮炎患者随机分为两组,试验组(17例)采用湿润烧伤膏联合创疡贴治疗,对照组(17例)采用紫草油护理皮肤,观察两组患者皮炎创面的愈合效果及愈合时间。结果试验组治愈14例、好转3例、无效0例,对照组治愈7例、好转5例、无效5例,两组对比,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);试验组创面平均愈合时间为轻度3.7 d±1.4 d、中度5.9 d±1.5 d、重度7.2 d±0.9 d,对照组创面平均愈合时间为轻度5.9 d±1.2 d、中度8.2 d±1.3 d、重度11.3 d±0.7 d,两组对比,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论湿润烧伤膏联合创疡贴治疗失禁相关性皮炎疗效显著,愈合时间明显短于紫草油治疗者,值得临床推广。     

改良标准化疗方案治疗脊柱结核的疗效分析

目的评价改良标准化疗方案治疗脊柱结核的临床疗效和药物安全性,明确常见副作用及其处理措施.方法收集2008年1月至2012年12月期间在昆明医科大学第一附属医院明确诊断为"脊柱结核"、接受改良标准化疗方案(2HRZE/4HRE/12-18HR;剂量为H 300 mg,R 450 mg,Z 750 mg,E 750 mg,晨起顿服)并完成至少2 a随访的患者资料,采用临床治愈率和复发率评估该化疗方案的疗效;通过药物副作用发生率和严重程度评估该化疗方案的安全性.对药物常见的副作用,按发生的类型、时间、严重程度、处理措施等进行统计和分析.结果共67例患者纳入本研究,其中男性32例,女性35例;年龄15~68岁,平均40.6岁.其中21例患者仅采用改良标准化疗方案,其余46例采用术前化疗+手术+术后化疗方案进行治疗.2 a临床愈合率95.52%,2 a内结核复发率1.50%.在整个化疗期间,药物副作用主要发生在前2个月的四联强化治疗期,主要涉及胃肠道反应(约为28.36%)、高尿酸血症(约为31.34%)、肝功能异常(约为31.34%)等;多数药物副作用较轻,部分较严重病例加用Vit B6、护肝药(如多烯磷脂酰胆碱、草甘酸二钠或还原性谷胱甘肽等)、碳酸氢钠和多饮水等措施得到控制;吡嗪酰胺的撤除可明显减少高尿酸血症的发生率.结论运用改良标准化疗方案治疗脊柱结核可获得良好的临床疗效并具有较高的安全性.