Hypercellular/Heterotopic Ganglia in Omphalomesenteric Duct Remnants

Omphalomesenteric duct remnants (ODR) including Meckel diverticula often present with symptoms of bowel obstruction. Their histologic features are varied and include heterotopic gastrointestinal mucosa and/or pancreatic tissue within the wall. Abnormalities of the submucosal plexus of Meissner, however, have not been documented in the literature. Thus, we have examined a number of ODR for evidence of ganglion abnormalities. Fifty-three cases of ODR were retrieved from our archives, along with 25 nonduodenal small bowel control specimens obtained from autopsies of patients without clinical or pathologic evidence of enteropathy. Histologic criteria for the diagnosis of abnormal hypercellular/heterotopic ganglia (HHG) in ODR were defined as a single submucosal ganglion/plexus containing >10 neurons, or >5 submucosal ganglions per high-power (×40) field, or heterotopic ganglion cells within the muscularis mucosa or the lamina propria. HHG, histologically indistinguishable from intestinal neuronal dysplasia type B, were found in more than half of the ODR (ODR: 51.9%, n = 50 vs. control: 4%, n = 25, P = 3.6 × 10 ⁻⁶ ), particularly those excised for obstructive complications (ODR with acute abdomen: 65.7%, n = 35, vs. ODR without acute abdomen: 33.3%, n = 15, P = 0.035). HHG were present in equal numbers of inflamed and noninflamed ODR (inflamed: 53.6%, n = 28, vs. noninflamed: 59.1%, n = 22, P = 0.70). A similar incidence was found in ODR with heterotopia and without (with heterotopia: 61.1%, n = 18, vs. without: 53.1%, n = 32, P = 0.59). ODR frequently contained HHG histomorphologically similar to those found in intestinal neuronal dysplasia, type B (IND-B). The overrepresentation of HHG in symptomatic ODR patients suggests an association with bowel obstruction. The data did not demonstrate a relationship with either inflammation or heterotopia. Received January 7, 2000; accepted April 24, 2000.     

人胚胎肾小体和肾小管的发育

对３２例（８￣２８周）人胚胎肾进行光镜、透射电镜和扫描电镜观察。结果表明：胚胎肾小体的发育可分为原始期（ⅠＳ）、发育期（ⅡＳ）和成熟期（ⅢＳ）３个阶段。８周胚肾有少量Ⅱ肾小体，并形成滤过膜的３层结构。２０周胎儿肾内约３０％肾小体达ⅢＳ。２８周胎儿肾内约５０％肾小体达ⅢＳ。肾小管的发育与所属肾小体的发育程度相应，可分为分化早期、发育期和成熟期３个阶段。８周胚肾可见少量发育期的近期小管和远端小管。１２     

发育期小鼠肾小体细胞凋亡的研究

目的 研究小鼠肾小体发育过程中的细胞凋亡规律及形态学特点。方法 应用光镜、电镜技术和脱氧核糖核酸末端转移酶介导的dUTP缺口末端标记法(TUNEL法)分别对不同胚龄和生后日龄小鼠肾小体内细胞凋亡进行观察。结果 胚龄14d肾小体发生时就出现细胞凋亡，胚龄18d左右达到高峰，l随后缓慢下降。肾小体内凋亡细胞以内皮细胞和足细胞多见。凋亡细胞的两种结局：1．被邻近的细胞所吞噬；2．落人肾小体的毛细血管腔或肾小囊中。结论 小鼠肾小体的整个发育过程均存在细胞凋亡现象，肾小体内细胞凋亡与肾小体发育的完善有关。     

基于数学形态学的血液细胞图像边缘提取

根据血液细胞边缘附近的灰度分布梯度较大的特性,运用数学形态学对缺铁性贫血的血涂片上的血细胞进行图像的边缘提取.并对原始图像分别用Sobel算子、Laplacian算子、LOG算子以及局部阈值法进行边缘检测,实验结果表明,基于数学形态学的边缘提取算法对于血液细胞图像边缘提取有很好的效果.     

Digital pacinian neuroma: a distinctive hyperplastic lesion

Neural tumours composed solely of Pacinian corpuscles or showing focal Pacinian differentiation are extremely rare and have only occasionally been reported in the literature. All such lesions to date have been benign. Three lesions are described herein which presented as painful digital masses in middle-aged adults and which were composed of abnormal aggregates of morphologically mature Pacinian corpuscles and intervening small nerves. Only five similar cases have been previously recorded. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms of this unusual hyperplastic phenomenon are discussed.     

Effect of morphine and leucine-enkephalin on the electrophysiological responses of Pacinian corpuscles of the cat

The effects of morphine and Leu-enkephalin on the electrical activity of Pacinian corpuscles isolated from cat mesentery were studied. These drugs caused a short-term increase and subsequent decrease of the impulse activity, accompanied by a monotonic growth of the threshold for firing of action potentials and amplitudes of generator and action potentials. Naloxone induced an effect similar to that of morphine. The results obtained indicate that morphine and Leu-enkephalin evoke an increase in membrane potential of a nerve ending. These data may form the basis of the modulating effect of opioid peptides on encapsulated mechanoreceptor activity.     

至猫肠系膜Pacini小体的传出神经通路的电镜研究

电镜下观察了猫肠系膜正常Ｐａｃｉｎｉ小体的结构及双侧切断内脏大神经后其中央轴突和邻近结构的变性改变。位于猫肠系膜Ｐａｃｉｎｉ小体内的主轴突由近侧包有髓鞘的终末前纤维及远侧的无髓终末部构成。含有较多囊泡、少囊泡或无囊泡的小型终末和轴突样结构包绕中央主轴突的无髓部及其突起的周围。双侧切断内脏大神经３～５ｄ后，中央主轴突发生明显的变性。与此同时，周围的含较多囊泡、少囊泡或无囊泡的小结构亦由于变性而消失。根据上述结果及以往的研究可以认为，这些小型终末和轴突样结构是随内脏大神经走行的交感节后传出成分，它们可能对猫肠系膜Ｐａｃｉｎｉ小体的感受性产生影响。     

小鼠肾小体系膜细胞的发育

目的:探讨小鼠肾小体系膜细胞的来源及α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA)与系膜细胞发生发育成熟的关系。方法:采用α-SMA免疫组织化学染色、透射电镜技术及体视学分析方法。结果:α- SMA在小鼠肾小体系膜细胞发育过程中早期阶段无表达,发育阶段表达阳性,成熟期表达消失。结论:系膜细胞可能来源于生后肾组织的间充质细胞,α-SMA的表达短暂与肾小体系膜细胞的发育成熟密切相关。     

妊娠期高血压疾病患者氧自由基对红细胞CR1分子表达的影响

目的 探讨妊娠期高血压疾病（HDCP）患者氧自由基对红细胞膜补体受体1型分子（CR1）数量表达水平变化（即活性变化）的影响。方法 采用酶联免疫（ELISA）法测定红细胞CR1分子的数量；同时采用化学比色法检测血浆丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX），观察其水平的变化，并进行相关性分析。结果 ①患者红细胞CR1分子表达水平显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）；②患者SOD和GSH-PX的水平显著下降．MDA的水平显著上升；③红细胞CR1分子表达水平与SOD和GSH-PX的水平呈显著的正相关（r=0．804、P〈0．01；r=0．838、P〈0．01）；与MDA的水平呈显著的负相关（r=-0．760、P〈0．01）。结论 红细胞膜极易产生脂质过氧化作用，妊娠期高血压疾病患者自由基损伤的程度可直接影响红细胞膜的功能，特别是红细胞膜CR1分子表达降低，至患者红细胞免疫粘附（RCIA）功能降低，提示减少机体氧自由基的产生，提高患者RCIA功能是十分必要的。     

灵芝多糖对急性酒精性肝损伤小鼠肝脏脂肪沉积及N LRP3炎性小体表达的影响

目的:探讨灵芝多糖对急性肝损伤小鼠肝脏脂肪沉积及NLRP3炎性小体表达的影响。方法:将48只健康KM小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组及实验组,每组16只。模型组及实验组小鼠以慢性酒精喂养联合急性酒精灌胃法构建急性酒精性肝损伤小鼠模型,且实验组建模期间灌胃150 mg/kg灵芝多糖,1次/d。以全自动生化分析仪检测小鼠肝功能及脂代谢指标;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测血清炎性反应递质水平;苏木精-伊红(HE)染色检测小鼠肝组织病理学形态;油红O染色观察肝脏组织脂肪沉积;蛋白免疫印迹法(WB)检测肝组织NLRP3炎性小体表达。结果:各组小鼠的血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT),血清谷草转氨酶(AST),血清白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β),血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6),肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),油红O染色评分,肝组织NLRP3炎性小体相对表达量等,模型组与对照组比较,血清AST、ALT、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、游离脂肪酸、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平,油红O染色评分及肝组织NLRP3炎性小体相对表达量升高,而实验组均较模型组降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:灵芝多糖可通过抑制肝脏组织NLRP3炎性小体表达,抑制急性酒精性肝损伤小鼠炎性反应及肝脏脂肪沉积,有效缓解肝组织损伤,恢复其肝功能。