快速诊断结核杆菌感染的PCR方法的实验室应用

[目的]寻找一种即能提高检出的阳性率，又能减少污染环节而导致假阳性，取材方便，操作简单，便于推广的临床标本进行PCR扩增，来进行结核病的实验室快速诊断。[方法]对经X-线、胸片、痰抗酸染色、痰BLL-MGIT快速培养及临床诊断确诊为结核病例40例的痰、全血、外周血单个核细胞进行TB-Ab、PCR的检测比较。[结果]痰液中的结核杆菌-DNA的PCR检出率高达70％，而同一患者外周血分离单个核细胞的阳性率仅为40％。同一血样中TB-Ab与全血PCR方法扩增全血中所有的模版DNA，两方法之间具有显著性差异。全血PCR与外周血单个核细胞PCR比较，二者的阳性率具有显著性差异（P=0．001〈0．01），以全血细胞PCR检测阳性率最高。结核杆菌感染者红细胞粘附功能明显增加，与正常对照组比较县有显著性差异。[结论]检测结核病患者全血细胞TB的PCR实验方法可能为结核杆菌感染的早期、有效的实验室指标。     

不同制备工艺的驴胶补血冲剂对缺铁性贫血大鼠的影响

目的观察两种不同制备工艺的驴胶补血冲剂对缺铁性贫血大鼠血清铁、血清铁蛋白以及血红蛋白的影响。方法将低铁饲料喂饲大鼠,同时采用尾部放血,隔日1次,每次10滴的方式加快血虚模型的形成,观察两种不同制备工艺的该药对大鼠造模后血清铁、血清铁蛋白以及血红蛋白的影响。结果两种不同制备工艺的驴胶补血冲剂可以显著提高血虚大鼠的血清铁、血清铁蛋白的含量(P<0.05或P<0.01),并增加血红蛋白含量(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论两种不同制备工艺的驴胶补血冲剂在改善大鼠贫血状况方面未见明显差异。     

A rare cause of digital pain: the subepineural Pacinian corpuscle

A new case of subepineural Pacinian corpuscle is described in a 33-year-old woman without a history of trauma. Surgical excision resulted in complete pain relief.     

猴失神经手指神经植入后感觉终器的溃变与再生

目的：观察猴失神经手指感觉神经植入后感觉终器溃变与再生情况。方法：用猴手失神经模型,神经植入后在第１,３,５,８,１２ｍｏ分别取材进行电镜观察。结果：游离神经末梢其再生过程是;神经植入３ｏｍ真皮层出现新生的神经轴突,５ｍｏ时有髓和无髓纤维的数量明显增加,髓鞘增厚结构更加清晰８ｍｏ～１２ｍｏ再生轴突;成这正常水平,Ｍｅｒｋｅｌ细胞（１）感觉神经的植入能骺细胞溃变的发生。９２）感觉神经的植入ｅｒｋｅｌ     

Basal laminae and meissner corpuscle regeneration

Murine Meissner corpuscles (mouse digital corpuscles), located in pad skin at the toe tip, consist of lamellar cells with long cellular processes (lamellae) surrounding axon terminals in an onion-skin fashion. Lamellar cell bodies and processes were provided with a basal lamina. The present study was made to examine whether these lamellar cell basal laminae have any specific role in the differentiation of regenerating axons and Schwann cells into specialized axon terminals and lamellar cells, respectively. Pad skin at the toe tip was treated 3–5× by freezing and thawing. By this treatment, cellular constituents of the corpuscles die and disintegrate into cell debris, leaving in situ basal laminae of the lamellar cells in stacked hollow loops, reminiscent of the original configuration of lamellae. Schwann cells and axons of the ordinary nerve fibers in the pad skin were similarly damaged, and basal laminae of the Schwann cells remained as basal lamina tubes. Three days after treatment, regenerating axons were seen extending through the basal lamina tubes of Schwann cells deep in the toe pad skin. However, no regenerating axons were found in the vicinity of the old corpuscles. Five days after treatment, regenerating axons, some of which were accompanied by migrating Schwann cells and others which were still naked, were noted at the subepidermal region, and began to enter the hollow basal lamina loops of the old corpuscles. Eight–15 days after treatment, regenerating axons which entered the basal lamina loops successively gave rise to branches, and at the same time, accompanying Schwann cells emanated cellular processes through well-preserved basal lamina loops. Fifteen–25 days after treatment, regenerating axons seemed to be morphologically specialized as axon terminals, and accompanying Schwann cells differentiated into definite lamellar cells which surrounded the axon terminals in the same manner as in the normal murine Meissner corpuscles. Although the incidence of good regeneration of the corpuscle was relatively low, these findings suggested that basal laminae of lamellar cells might have some specific properties which could be responsible for the differentiation as well as maintenance of lamellar cells and axon terminals in the Meissner corpuscles.     

人胎胸腺的组织发生

本文在光镜和电镜下研究50例人胎的胸腺。8(1/2)周胎胸腺尚未分小叶,也不能分辨皮质和髓质。12周胸腺间充质隔分隔小叶,同时髓质内可见胸腺小体。14～16周小叶数量增多,皮质分化出内、外二区。外皮质色浅系T淋巴细胞繁殖区。17～20周胸腺的发育已较完善。胎期胸腺间充质隔及皮髓交界区发现一些非上皮网状细胞和大量嗜酸髓细胞。     

包皮环切术前后包皮中触觉小体与早泄的相关性

目的观察早泄病人包皮环切术前后包皮组织中触觉小体变化情况,探讨其与早泄的关系。方法收集20～30岁早泄患者65例,按解剖及术式分为包茎组20例（传统包皮环切法）、包皮过长Ⅰ组23例（传统包皮环切法）、包皮过长Ⅱ组22例（包皮根部环切法）。用免疫组化方法对三组术前术后包皮标本中的触觉小体进行染色,显微镜下观察和统计三组包皮标本中触觉小体总数以及视野的总数,得出密度。并就三组间的差异进行统计学分析。结果三组标本中,术前包茎组和包皮过长组Ⅰ、Ⅱ中触觉小体的密度分别为36．7％和19．7％及17．5％,术后3～12月包茎组和包皮过长组Ⅰ、Ⅱ中触觉小体的密度分别为20．6％和9．7％及9．8％,手术前后其差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论传统包皮环切术对早泄改变效果更好。     

小鼠肾血管球和肾小囊的生长曲线

目的研究小鼠肾小体发生发育过程中血管球和肾小囊体积的增长规律。方法光镜下应用体视学方法对胚胎和生后发育期小鼠肾血管球和肾小囊的绝对和体积进行测量。结果从胚龄16天到生后40天血管球体积增大约86倍,肾小囊体积增大约32倍。生后7天之前,血管球的相对体积增大迅速,而肾小囊的相对体积减小迅速,之后二者变化平缓。结论肾小体发育中血管球和肾小囊的体积变化为肾小体的滤过功能的逐渐成熟提供了形态结构基础。     

猴失神经支配皮肤植入神经后感觉小体和游离末梢的再生

为探讨神经植入术的机制,将2只恒河猴各手指先造成失神经支配,然后进行神经植入实验。结果:①神经纤维再生过程与以前兔的实验结果相似;②可再生触觉小体和上皮细胞轴突复合体两种感觉小体;③触觉小体再生率逐渐增加,形态结构也日趋成熟;④神经植入后6个月未见环层小体获得神经再支配;⑤移植的无毛皮肤亦可再生触觉小体。实验初次证明,灵长类动物失神经支配的无毛皮肤植入神经后,可以再生新的游离神经末梢以及触觉小体和上皮细胞-轴突复合体。