弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤预后研究进展

弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)是最常见的非霍奇金淋巴瘤,具有高度异质性,高危患者预后差.如何更好地对DLBCL患者进行危险分层并早期识别高危患者是第58届美国血液学会(ASH)年会的一大热点.国际预后指数(IPI)作为经典的预后评分系统,在利妥昔单抗时代,其地位不断受到挑战,有多种新的预后评分系统被提出.分子生物学标记、基因突变在DLBCL的发生、发展中起重要作用,其预后价值备受关注.一些特殊DLBCL,如原发乳腺DLBCL、血管内大B细胞淋巴瘤、滤泡转化DLBCL以及复发难治DLBCL的预后也在该届年会上受到关注.     

血管栓塞治疗原发性胃淋巴瘤并发急性上消化道大出血二例并文献复习

目的 探讨原发性胃淋巴瘤(PGL)并发急性上消化道大出血患者的临床特点,以提高对该病的诊治水平.方法 回顾性分析2例PGL并发急性上消化道大出血患者的临床表现及诊治经过,并复习相关文献.结果2例患者均表现为腹胀、腹痛伴体质量减轻,均经胃镜黏膜活组织检查明确诊断,并发上消化道大出血伴失血性休克,予血管栓塞治疗后止血,后续给予全身化疗有效.结论 PGL并发急性上消化道出血患者给予血管栓塞治疗安全有效,同时不影响肿瘤化疗的效果.     

甲状腺癌中Bax、Survivin及Livin的表达及意义

目的 探讨甲状腺癌中B细胞淋巴瘤-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、生存素(Survivin)及Livin的表达及意义.方法 采用免疫组化法检测82例甲状腺癌组织及相应癌旁正常组织中Bax、Survivin及Livin的阳性表达,分析三者与临床病理参数的关系.结果 甲状腺癌组织中Bax的阳性表达率明显低于癌旁正常组织(P﹤0.001),Survivin及Livin的阳性表达率明显高于癌旁正常组织(P﹤0.001).Ⅲ~Ⅳ期甲状腺癌患者的Bax阳性表达率明显低于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者,有淋巴结转移患者的Bax阳性表达率明显低于无淋巴结转移患者(P﹤0.01).Ⅲ~Ⅳ期甲状腺癌患者的Survivin及Livin阳性表达率明显高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者,有淋巴结转移患者的Survivin及Livin阳性表达率明显高于无淋巴结转移患者(P﹤0.01).甲状腺癌组织中Bax与Survivin的表达呈负相关(r=-0.435,P﹤0.01),Bax与Livin的表达也呈负相关(r=-0.551,P﹤0.01),Survivin与Livin的表达呈正相关(r=0.738,P﹤0.01).结论Bax在甲状腺癌组织中低表达,Survivin及Livin在甲状腺癌组织中高表达,并与TNM分期及淋巴结转移密切相关,三者联合检测可能成为甲状腺癌预后的参考指标.     

经颅视神经管减压术与药物综合治疗外伤性视神经损伤对照研究

目的对比经颅视神经管减压术与药物综合治疗外伤性视神经损伤的临床效果。方法选取我院2015-05—2016-05收治的32例外伤性视神经损伤患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组。对照组选用大剂量激素并进行综合治疗,观察组采用经颅视神经管减压术治疗。观察2组临床效果及并发症情况。结果观察组总有效率(87.50%)显著高于对照组(68.75%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组并发症发生率6.25%,明显低于对照组的18.75%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对外伤性视神经损伤患者采用经颅视神经管减压术治疗可起到明显效果,术后并发症较少,值得临床推广。     

大前庭水管综合征患者人工耳蜗植入效果分析

目的：分析大前庭水管综合征（large vestibular aqueduct syndrome,LVAS）患者人工耳蜗植入的疗效。方法回顾性分析37例行人工耳蜗植入术的LVAS患者（LVAS组）的临床资料,另选择临床资料相匹配37例耳蜗结构正常的人工耳蜗植入患者作为对照组,分别于人工耳蜗植入术前和术后3、6、9、12个月评估其言语识别率、听觉行为分级（categories of auditory performance,CAP）和言语可懂度分级（speech intelligibility rating, SIR）。结果①37例LVAS患者术中有5例（5耳）出现严重井喷,20例（20耳）耳蜗钻孔后出现外淋巴液不同程度波动,对照组均未出现“井喷”现象;两组电极均成功植入;两组术后均无面瘫、脑脊液漏、脑膜炎等并发症;②开机调试时两组电极阻抗值、电极反应阈值（T值）及最大舒适阈值（C值）差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,术后3、6、9、12个月两组的言语识别率、CAP、SIR评分均随着康复时间的延长而逐渐提高,在相同的康复时间段,两组之间各项康复指标差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）;③术中发生“井喷”与未发生“井喷”的LVAS患者之间术后康复效果差异也无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论人工耳蜗植入可作为LVAS患者听觉康复的手段,其听觉康复效果与内耳发育正常的人工耳蜗植入患者接近。     

How to decide on stent insertion or surgery in colorectal obstruction?

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in western society and malignant obstruction of the colon accounts for 8%-29% of all large bowel obstructions. Conventional treatment of these patients with malignant obstruction requiring urgent surgery is associated with a greater physiological insult on already nutritionally replete patients. Of late the utility of colonic stents has offered an option in the management of these patients in both the palliative and bridge to surgery setting. This has been the subject of many reviews which highlight its efficacy, particulary in reducing ostomy rates, allowing quicker return to oral diet, minimising extended post-operative recovery as well as some quality of life benefits. The uncertainity in managing patients with malignant colonic obstructions has lead to a more cautious use of stenting technology as community equipoise exists. Decision making analysis has demonstrated that surgeons' favored the use of stents in the palliative setting preferentially when compared to the curative setting where surgery was preferred. We aim to review the literature regarding the use of stent or surgery in colorectal obstruction, and then provide a discourse with regards to the approach in synthesising the data and applying it when deciding the appropriate application of stent or surgery in colorectal obstruction.     

乳腺癌预后生物标志物研究进展

摘要： 乳腺癌是世界范围内女性发病率最高的恶性肿瘤, 也是导致女性癌症相关死亡的最主要原因。近些年乳腺癌患者数量呈逐年增加趋势, 严重威胁女性的生命健康和生活质量。因此, 乳腺癌预后的研究对乳腺癌患者意义深远。随着分子生物学的发展, 一些分子生物学标志物被发现与乳腺癌患者预后有关, 这使得更准确、 有效地评估乳腺癌患者的预后成为可能。本文旨在对乳腺癌预后生物标志物的研究进展作一综述。     

ADC measurements in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma: a DWI and cellularity study

Purpose

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) allows quantifying the random motion of water molecules in tissue by means of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements. The aim of the study was to determine whether ADC measurements allow discrimination of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) from follicular lymphoma (FL), and to examine the relationship between cellularity and ADC value of the tumor using DWI.

Materials and methods

Thirty-two patients with histologically proven non-Hodgkin lymphoma (21 with DLBCL and 11 with FL, 17 males and 15 females, mean age 62 ± 13 years) underwent conventional MRI and DWI examination before treatment. The ADC values of DLBCL were compared to those of FL. The ADC value of the tumor was also correlated with the tumor tissue cellularity.

Results

The mean ADC value of DLBCL was not significantly different from that of FL (0.70 ± 0.16 × 10⁻³ mm²/s vs. 0.76 ± 0.12 × 10⁻³ mm²/s, P = 0.21). The cellularity of DLBCL was significantly lower than that of FL (2991 ± 351 cells/view vs. 4412 ± 767 cells/view, P < 0.001). There was no correlation between the ADC value and the tissue cellularity of the tumor in patients with DLBCL and FL.

Conclusion

ADC measurements could not differentiate between DLBCL and FL, and there was no correlation between the ADC value and cellularity of the tumor in patients with DLBCL and FL.     

Assessment of inflammation in large arteries with 18F-FDG-PET in elderly

This paper presents repeated measurements of atherosclerosis using bimodality positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) to assess its uptake in aorta, iliac and femoral arteries in three groups of elderly subjects classified as normals (N), hypercholesterolemics (H) and with stable angina (A) in a 12 months follow-up (T0 to T12). The subjects in group H were taking rosuvastatin (20 mg/d) for 12 months before the second scan. The calcifications in the arteries were determined by CT imaging and the artery PET images were analyzed slice by slice. The standard uptake values (SUVs) for 18F-FDG uptake were classified in two main groups: calcified and non-calcified arteries and each main group comprises six sub-groups for the three subject groups N, H and A, and for the two measurements 12 months apart. Although the calcifications were present at some portions of the arteries in all subjects (23%, 36% and 44% of calcified sites to total sites analyzed, respectively, in groups N, H and A), the results show the most noticeable SUV changes after 12 months was in group N of non-calcified arteries. In the three groups, the calcified arteries showed no significant differences between T0 and T12 while significant differences were observed for the non-calcified arteries. However, there were no significant changes at T12 between groups N and H following rosuvastatin intake in group H. In conclusion, the quantitative analysis with 18F-FDG-PET/CT could be efficient in the localization of the inflammation and evaluation of its progression in atherosclerosis instead of global evaluations with systemic inflammation biomarkers.