天然抗角蛋白单克隆抗体3B4的多反应性鉴定及其分子机制的初步探讨

目的 对天然抗角蛋白单克隆抗体3B4的多反应性进行鉴定,并探讨其分子基础。方法 用间接酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)和免疫组化法检测3B4与多种抗原的反应活性,分析其可变区基因与氨基酸序列。结果 3B4除与角蛋白和皮肤发生较强的反应外,尚能选择性与多种具有不同表位的抗原和不同的组织反应;同源性分析表明,其重、轻链可变区基因分别与胚系基因VH1 J558.42及VK1 am4高度同源;HCDR3区为该抗体区别于其他同源性较高的免疫球蛋白的惟一基序,主要由短的侧链氨基酸组成。结论 天然抗角蛋白单克隆抗体3B4具有多反应性,由少量突变的胚系基因编码,HCDR3区的柔韧性可能是多反应性的分子基础之一。     

三个表皮松解性掌跖角化症家系KRT9基因突变的研究

目的 探讨表皮松解性掌跖角化症家系的KRT9基因突变与临床表现的关系。方法 PCR扩增KRT9基因编码氨基酸的7个外显子,对扩增产物进行变性高效液相色谱分析、DNA测序。结果 在所研究的3个EPPK家系中,发现KRT9基因第1外显子第497位核苷酸A缺失并插入GGCT,导致角蛋白9分子第166位酪氨酸缺失并插入色氨酸和亮氨酸,即Y166delinsWL。片段特异性PCR证实了该突变不是一个常见的多态性,而是国际中间纤维突变库(http://www.interfil.org)中未报道过的一种新突变。结论 KRT9基因497delAinsGGCT突变可能是部分中国人EPPK患者发病的遗传基础。     

表皮松解性角化过度型鱼鳞病二例及其基因突变的研究

目的 研究二例表皮松解性角化过度型鱼鳞病患者基因突变情况。方法 取患者皮损进行组织病理及电镜检查;提取患者外周血DNA,采用聚合酶链反应及DNA直接测序方法,检测患者皮损角蛋白10(K10)及角蛋白1(K1)基因突变;等位基因特异性引物PCR及限制性内切酶片段长度多态性方法筛查正常人群中该等位基因频率。结果 2例患者均存在K1或K10基因的杂合点突变,即K10基因第2140位G→A,K1基因第4226位G→A,分别导致K10第156位的精氨酸变为组氨酸(R156H)及K1第477位氨基酸从谷氨酸变为赖氨酸(E477K),而正常对照无此替代。结论 K10R156H及K1E477K为导致这2例患者临床表型的特异突变。     

角蛋白单克隆抗体免疫组化法检测大肠癌淋巴结微转移的研究

目的　为研究角蛋白克隆抗体免疫组化法在检测淋巴结微转移灶上的意义。方法　采用三种角蛋白单克隆抗体AE1,AE3、AE1/AE3,对本院 4 7例大肠癌术后患者 331枚淋巴结用免疫组化法重新检查 ,结果 36枚淋巴结存在微转移灶 ( 11 9% ) ,Duke’sC期患者微转移灶检出率高于Duke’B期患者 (P <0 0 5)。结果　随访显示有微转移灶Duke’sB期病人肿瘤复发 ,远处扩散转移均较无微转移病人高 (P <0 0 5)。结论　作者对大肠癌淋巴结微转移与临床意义进行了讨论     

角蛋白16和17在部分表皮肿瘤中的表达和意义

目的 研究角蛋白16 和17（K16、K17）在部分表皮肿瘤中的表达和意义。方法 采用免疫组化法检测K16、K17在正常皮肤、脂溢性角化病、日光性角化病、皮角、基底细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌中的表达。结果 K16、K17 在正常皮肤表皮各层呈阴性表达;在脂溢性角化病表皮各层中除了角质层外大多呈阳性表达;在日光性角化病表皮K16 均不表达,K17 除了角质层外在其他各层也不表达;K16 在皮角表皮棘层呈强阳性表达,但在其他各层均呈阴性表达,K17 在皮角表皮各层基本呈阳性或强阳性表达;在基底细胞癌中,K16、K17除了在棘层呈弱阳性表达外,在其他各层均呈阴性表达;在鳞状细胞癌中,K16 在基底层呈阴性表达,但在其他各层及K17 在表皮全层均呈阳性或强阳性表达。K16 除基底层外在肿瘤表皮其他各层表达比较差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;K17 在表皮各层表达差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论 K16、K17的表达状况可为表皮肿瘤的鉴别诊断提供病理学方面的依据。     

Remarkable shape memory effect of a natural biopolymer in aqueous environment

Remarkable water-stimulated shape memory effect was revealed in a natural biopolymer of peacock's tail covert feathers of which the innate shape can almost be fully recovered after severe deformation by a short hydration step. The shape memory effect manifests a good stability of high recovery rate and ratio during cycles of deformation and subsequent recovery. Both strength and energy absorption efficiency of medullary foam can be recovered despite the apparent decrease in the first deformation stroke caused by structural damage. A kinetic model developed from non-equilibrium thermodynamic fluctuation theory was adopted to describe the shape recovery process by considering the viscoelastic relaxation. The effects of hydration on mechanical properties, recovery kinetics, activation process and dynamic mechanical behaviors were also evaluated. Mechanisms were explored based on the lubrication, swelling effect and structural changes of macromolecular chains or segments in terms of their mobility. This study is expected to aid in understanding the responses of natural biological materials to environmental stimuli and to provide useful information for synthetic shape memory materials from the bio-inspiration perspective.     

Viscoelastic response of human hair cortex

The present study describes a new methodological approach which allows the separate analysis and quantitative determination of the viscous and elastic components of human hair using a computerised experimental system. In a first series of experiments subsequent to the estimation of the cross-sectional surface area of the cuticle, the cortex and the medulla, the viscoelastic response of hair (considered as a homogeneous material) and of its cortex were determined in ten hair specimens derived from the same human subjects. Statistically significant differences were found between hair and its cortex with regard to the values of the modulus of elasticity, limit of linearity and post-yield slope. In a second series of experiments the viscoelastic parameters of hair and its cortex were separately determined in 100 hair specimens derived from ten healthy human subjects (ten specimens from each subjects). It was found that the dispersion of the values of modulus of elasticity, limit of linearity and post-yield slope of the cortex was significantly reduced compared with that of the hair. Our results indicate that the pattern of the viscoelastic parameters of human hair cortex, which strongly depends on its microstructural features, may be regarded as a more reliable and sensitive diagnostic marker than that of hair in various structural and functional hair disorders.     

高分化鳞癌与假癌性增生的免疫组织化学鉴别研究

高分化鳞癌（ＷＤＳＣ）与假癌性增生（ＰＣＨ）的组织形态学鉴别迄今仍是外科病理学棘手难题之一。本文以抗人，抗牛角蛋白多克隆抗体，双ＰＡＰ法观察，分析其角蛋白抗原表达。结果表明：ＷＤＳＣ组２０例中１７例（８５％）呈不规则表型，２例基本阴性，仅１例规律型。ＰＣＨ组１０例中７例（７０％）呈规律性表型，３例呈弱杂乱不规则表型，两组角蛋白表型统计学处理差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）。本文认为仔细分析组织形态特征的同     

Keratin immunoreactivity in fine-needle aspiration of the prostate: an aid in the differentiation of benign epithelium from well-differentiated adenocarcinoma

The efficacy of utilizing immunocytochemical staining of prostatic basal cells in separating benign from malignant prostatic epithelium was tested by staining fine-needle aspiration smears of prostatic lesions with the monoclonal antibody EAB-903. This antibody has been shown to stain keratin subtypes present in the prostate only in basal cells. The study utilized 12 benign, nine malignant, and four suspicious-for-carcinoma cases. Ten of 12 benign cases showed an intermingled pattern of staining, which was not found in the malignant cases. Our findings indicate that this distinctive pattern of staining may assist in distinguishing benign epithelium from well-differentiated prostatic adenocarcinoma.