HRM技术在掌跖角化病KRT9基因致病突变检测中的应用

目的:建立一种低成本、高通量、简便易行、准确可靠的检测掌跖角化病致病突变的方法。方法:应用高分辨率熔解曲线(HRM)方法检测掌跖角化病患者KRT9基因第一外显子突变情况,并与测序结果进行比较。结果:HRM方法能准确区分野生型和杂合型致病突变536TC、548AG,测序结果与HRM结果完全一致。结论:HRM方法能简单快速、准确经济地检测KRT9基因突变,能用于掌跖角化病患者的大样本临床初筛。     

CK（AE1/AE3）在喉鳞癌淋巴结微转移诊断中的应用

目的研究细胞角蛋白广谱抗体CK（AE1/AE3）作为免疫标志物在喉鳞癌淋巴结微转移诊断中的应用与临床病理意义。方法对50例喉鳞癌患者喉标本及其常规病理报告为阳性的140个淋巴结和阴性的756个淋巴结重新切片,以CK（AE1/AE3）作为免疫标志物,采用免疫组化PV9000两步法检测。结果在50例喉鳞癌原发灶和病理检查阳性淋巴结中,CKAE1/AE3全部表达,和临床T分期、病理分级无明显相关（P〉0.05）,756个阴性淋巴结标本中,有9例（18.0%）16个淋巴结（2.1%）发现了微转移灶。结论CK（AE1/AE3）免疫组化法是检测喉鳞癌淋巴结转移的敏感而便捷的方法,特别对筛选组织学检查淋巴结阴性但存在微转移的患者有一定实用价值。     

先天性厚甲症家系临床和遗传特点分析

目的了解先天性厚甲症的临床表型和遗传学特点。方法检索近20年来文献发表的13个先天性厚甲症家系,分析患者的临床表型及家系的遗传特点。结果 （1）先天性厚甲症符合常染色体显性遗传模式;（2）先天性厚甲症的临床表型特征为指（趾）甲过度角化增厚,甲营养不良并常伴外胚叶缺陷;发病时间以出生后一岁以内居多。不同家系中患者甚至同一家系中不同患者的表型可存在差异;（3）患者可伴发其他疾病;（4）先天性厚甲症1型、2型可具有不同的遗传基础。结论先天性厚甲症临床表型以指（趾）甲过度角化增厚,甲营养不良并常伴外胚叶缺陷为特征,但不同患者表型可存在差异;致病基因的检测有助于准确分型。     

细胞角蛋白在食管永生化上皮细胞和恶性转化细胞系的表达

目的:研究细胞角蛋白(cytokeratin,CK)在食管永生化上皮细胞株SHEE和由SHEE恶性转化而来的细胞株SHEEmt之间的差异表达。方法:采用免疫细胞化学染色和免疫印迹的方法,观察SHEE细胞和SHEEmt细胞中CK的表达。结果:免疫细胞化学染色显示两种细胞均呈CK染色阳性,阳性反应位于胞浆;SHEE细胞染色弱阳性,SHEEmt细胞染色中等强度阳性。免疫印迹分析在两种细胞中抗角蛋白抗体均与分子量52.5ku、46ku和45ku的抗原同时发生反应;但SHEEmt细胞中的3条阳性反应带均强于SHEE细胞。结论:CK阳性表达支持两种细胞来源于非角化型或胎儿型鳞状上皮;随着永生化细胞转化为恶性细胞,某些角蛋白表达上调,可能与细胞恶性转化后的分化程度相关。     

角蛋白18在33和52位丝氨酸磷酸化水平的变化及与肝纤维化的关系

目的 探讨角蛋白18(keratin 18,K18)在33和52位丝氨酸(Ser)磷酸化水平变化的作用及其与肝纤维化的关系.方法 6周龄Balb/C小鼠30只,分为3组(对照组和2个实验组),每组10只.对照组腹腔内注射橄榄油;实验组腹腔内注射四氯化碳(CCl4)和橄榄油的混合液(1:9),10 ml/kg,每周2次,连续4周,分别在2周和4周处死小鼠.应用组织化学免疫荧光法检测正常对照小鼠和肝纤维化小鼠肝组织中K18及其磷酸化Ser33和Ser52的表达及其相对亚细胞定位;免疫印迹法(Western blotting)检测正常对照小鼠和肝纤维化小鼠肝组织的K18及其磷酸化Ser33和Ser52水平.结果 组织化学免疫荧光结果显示,K18在正常对照小鼠和肝纤维化小鼠肝组织中均有表达,但在小鼠肝纤维化不同阶段无明显差异;在正常对照小鼠肝组织中表达比较弱,而随着肝纤维化的进展表达增强.West-ern blotting结果,肝纤维化小鼠肝组织中的Ser33和Ser52磷酸化的K18表达水平显著增加,尤其是Ser33表达增加更为明显.     

肝外胆管癌淋巴结微转移的检测及其对预后的影响

目的 观察CK19和CK20在肝外胆管癌(EHCC)淋巴结微转移中的表达,探讨淋巴结微转移与临床病理特征和CA19-9、癌胚抗原(CEA)的关系,以及淋巴结微转移对预后的影响.方法 选取59例行手术切除EHCC患者的279枚淋巴结,分别以CK19、CK20单克隆抗体进行免疫组化染色和常规HE染色,确定有无淋巴结转移与微转移,并与各病例的临床病理及随访资料进行比较,分析微转移与临床病理因素的关系及对生存率的影响.结果 59例患者的淋巴结转移率,HE诊断仅23.72%(14/59),而CK诊断为35.59%(21/59,P<0.05);淋巴结转移发生率由HE染色的5.37%提高到CK染色的13.98%(P<0.05);在常规HE染色诊断没有淋巴结转移的45例患者中,微转移的发生率为15.56%(7/45).淋巴结微转移术前血清CA19-9浓度显著高于无淋巴结微转移者(对照组)(P<0.05);淋巴结微转移与血清CA19-9浓度呈正相关(r_s=0.371,P<0.05).对12个因素进行Logistic回归分析,结果显示肿瘤的组织学类型和淋巴浸润对淋巴结微转移有重要影响(P<0.05).结论 CK免疫组化染色能检测出HE染色阴性淋巴结中隐匿的癌细胞,淋巴结微转移能够更准确地判断EHCC患者的预后.     

KRT14分子诊断中两种去除假基因干扰的扩增方法比较

目的已报道有3种方法可以去除KRT14P对于KRT14分子诊断的干扰,分别为从活检组织中提取RNA法、用识别KRT14P的限制性内切酶酶切基因组DNA法和长距离特异性扩增KRT14法。本文建立特异性扩增法并和内切酶法就能否完全去除假基因干扰做比较。方法据文献报道KRT14P外显子2上有AluI的酶切位点而KRT14外显子2上没有该位点,用AluI消化基因组DNA。部分消化和完全消化的酶切产物作为模板用于下一步KRT14的分子诊断。比对KRT14和KRT14P的区别,设计特殊引物对使其包括3′末端的碱基和KRT14P错配而和KRT14完全匹配,这些引物对在PCR过程中将只扩增KRT14而去除假基因的干扰。结果部分酶切消化的基因组DNA因为不能完全去除KRT14P可能导致假阳性结果。应用本文中的特殊引物对,能够很好地去除KRT14P的干扰。结论我们采用的特异性扩增法去除KRT14P较酶切法经济有效。     

Comprehensive keratin profiling reveals different histopathogenesis of keratocystic odontogenic tumor and orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst

Keratocystic odontogenic tumor is a cystic lesion that behaves more aggressively than other jaw cysts. One of its characteristic histologic features is a parakeratinized uniform layer of lining epithelium. A jaw cyst lined with orthokeratinized epithelium is called an orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst. These keratinized jaw cysts are thought to be separate entities, although their histopathogenesis has not been fully assessed. To better understand these lesions, we performed comprehensive immunohistochemical profiling of the keratin expression of each. Orthokeratinized odontogenic cysts expressed keratin 1, keratin 2, keratin 10, and loricrin, suggesting differentiation toward normal epidermis. Keratocystic odontogenic tumors expressed keratin 4, keratin 13, keratin 17, and keratin 19, which is a unique expression pattern reminiscent of a mucosal squamous epithelium and an epithelial appendage. In neonatal rat tooth germ, cells strongly positive for keratin 17 and keratin 19 were observed, specifically in the dental lamina, implying the origin of keratocystic odontogenic tumor. GLI2, a downstream effector of hedgehog signaling, was significantly expressed in keratocystic odontogenic tumor and basal cell carcinoma, accompanied with robust expression of keratin 17, mammalian target of rapamycin, and BCL2. The expression of these GLI2- or keratin 17-related factors was not significantly observed in orthokeratinized odontogenic cysts. These findings provide evidence to support the viewpoint that keratocystic odontogenic tumor and orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst are separate entities, and furthermore suggest their characteristic histology, pathogenesis, and biological behaviors.     

Immunohistochemical expression of keratins 13 and 14 in the lingual epithelium of rats during the morphogenesis of filiform papillae

We examined the immunofluorescence of keratins 13 (K13) and 14 (K14) and differential interference contrast (DIC) images during the morphogenesis of filiform papillae and the keratinization of the lingual epithelium of rats on semi-ultrathin sections of epoxy resin-embedded samples by laser-scanning microscopy. We also examined semi-ultrathin sections of epoxy resin embedded, toluidine blue stained samples by light microscopy to obtain details of cell histology and morphology. No immunoreactivity specific for K13 and K14 was detected on the lingual epithelium of foetuses on days 13, 15 and 17 after conception (E13, E15 and E17), during which time the number of layers of cuboidal cells in the lingual epithelium increased from one to several. Immunoreactivity specific for K13 and K14 was first detected on the lingual epithelium of foetuses on E19. The immunoreactivity specific for K13 appeared in the suprabasal cells of the papillary and interpapillary cell columns and immunoreactivity specific for K14 was detected in the basal and suprabasal cells of the papillary and interpapillary cell columns. The lingual epithelium was composed of stratified squamous cells. The rudiments of filiform papillae were compactly arranged and interpapillary cell columns were very narrow. Filiform papillae developed gradually from postnatal day 0 (PO) to 21 (P21). The width of interpapillary spaces also increased during this period. Immunoreactivity specific for K13 and K14 was distinct at all postnatal stages examined. Thus, the patterns of immunoreactivity of K13 and K14 differed as the filiform papillae developed.