L-Arg-NO通路对大鼠延髓腹面加压区心血管活动的影响及与L-Glu通路的关系

目的：研究一氧化氮（ＮＯ）前体Ｌ－精氨酸（Ｌ－Ａｒｇ）单侧微量注入大鼠延髓腹面加压区（ＶＳＭｐ）对动脉血压（ＡＰ）、心率（ＨＲ）、肾灌流压（ＰＰｋ）的影响及与Ｌ－谷氨酸（Ｌ－Ｇｌｕ）升压作用的关系。方法 采用延髓腹外侧部微量注射法,以整体灌流肾为模型观察与ＮＯ有关药物对心血管活动的影响。结果 （１）ＶＳＭｐ内微量注入Ｌ－Ａｒｇ（４０～１００ｎｍｏｌ）,ＡＰ和ＨＲ呈剂量依赖性下降,与生理盐水注入后的变化相比较,差异均有显著性。如预先注入ＮＯ合酶抑制剂Ｌ－硝基－精氨酸甲酯（Ｌ－ＮＡＭＥ）或鸟苷酸环化酶抑制剂甲基蓝,Ｌ－Ａｒｇ的降压效应被衰减。（２）ＶＳＭｐ内微量注入Ｌ－Ａｒｇ（１００ｎｍｏｌ）,ＰＰｋ与ＡＰ同步下降,与基础值比较,差异有显著性。（３）ＶＳＭｐ内微量注入Ｌ－Ｇｌｕ（３５０ｎｍｏｌ）,ＡＰ上升。如预先注     

江西省丙型肝炎病毒的基因型分布

目的：探讨江西地区HCV基因型分布。方法：限制性片断长度多态性分析（RFLP）分析89例HCV－RNA阳性病人HCV的基因型。结果：89例HCV－RNA阳性中,HCVⅡ型81例,占91．01％（81／89）;HCVⅢ型7例,占7．87％（7／89）;HCVⅡ／Ⅲ混合型1例,占1．12％（1／89）。HCVⅡ型81例中,急性丙型肝炎5例,慢性丙型肝炎75例,占92．6％,肝功能正常,HCV慢性携带1例。HCVⅢ型7例中,急性丙型为3例,慢性再型肝炎4例,占57％,HCVⅡ／Ⅲ混合型1例,为急性丙型肝炎。结论：江西省丙型肝炎基因基以Ⅱ型为主,占91．1％,与HCVⅢ相比较,HCVⅡ型感染与慢性肝炎有更密切关联。     

肾包虫病（附二例报道）

目的：介绍内蒙古地区最先诊断并治疗肾包虫病患者的临床资料;方法：２例均施行内囊 除术,其中１例为开放性肾包虫,行患肾切除术;结果：近期随访均未复发;结论：Ｂ超检查,此病可因包虫内“子囊”、“孙囊”造成“混合性回声超波”;ＣＴ扫描本病的囊壁较肾囊肿略厚,并显示特有的“囊中囊”征或囊内窝状分隔;患者Ｃａｓｏｎｉ皮内多呈阳性。     

Mesoaccumbens dopamine-opiate interactions in the control over behaviour by a conditioned reinforcer

These experiments examined the role of dopamine-opiate interactions in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens in the mediation of reinforcement-related behaviour. It has been shown previously that opiates induce a dopamine-dependent increase in locomotor activity in rats when infused into the VTA, and a dopamine-independent hyperactivity when infused into the nucleus accumbens. The present study investigated the generality and significance of these two findings, by examining dopamine-opiate interactions in the control over behaviour exerted by a conditioned reinforcer (CR), an arbitrary stimulus which gains control by association with primary reinforcement. Rats were trained to associate a light/noise stimulus with sucrose reinforcement, and the efficacy of the CR in controlling behaviour was assessed by measuring its ability to support a new lever pressing response. Responding on one lever (CR lever) produced the CR, responding on the other lever had no programmed consequences. In experiment 1, intra-accumbens infusions ofd-amphetamine (10 µg), the D₁ dopamine receptor agonist SKF-38393 (0.1 µg), the D₂ dopamine receptor agonist LY-171555 (quinpirole; 0.1 µg) or the opiate receptor agonist [d-Ala²]-methionine enkephalinamide (DALA; 1 µg) selectively increased responding on the CR lever. Infusion with DALA intra-VTA had no effect. However, pretreatment with DALA intra-VTA (10 × 1 µg/day) subsequently reduced the selectivity of the response to infusions intra-accumbens withd-amphetamine or SKF-38393, and blocked the response to LY-171555 or DALA. Pretreatment also shifted to the right the dose-response function for DALA intra-accumbens. In experiment 2, intra-accumbens infusions ofd-amphetamine, SKF-38393, LY-171555 or DALA again increased responding on the CR lever only. Pretreatment with intra-accumbensd-amphetamine (5 × 1 µg/day) reduced the selectivity of the response subsequently tod-amphetamine, and blocked the response to SKF-38393, LY-171555 or DALA. In experiment 3, intra-accumbens infusions of the -opiate receptor agonist [d-Ala²,N-Me-Phe⁴,Gly⁵-ol]-enkephalin (0.003–0.1 µg), or the -opiate receptor agonist [d-Pen^2, 5]-enkephalin (0.03–1 µg) enhanced selectively responding on the CR lever. Thus, the dopamine-dependent locomotor-stimulant properties of intra-VTA infusions of opiates are associated with impaired conditioned reinforcer efficacy. Finally, repeated stimulation of the mesoaccumbens dopamine pathway may compromise the dopamine-independence of the opiate system within the nucleus accumbens.     

Compressed Donut-Shaped Tablets with Zero-Order Release Kinetics

Purpose. Simple uncoated compressed tablets with a central hole (donut-shape) are proposed to provide a constant drug release over a long period of time (>20 hrs). The effect of hole size and drug solubility on the release kinetics is investigated. Methods. The donut-shaped polyethylene oxide (PEO, Mw = 4 × l0⁶) tablets (600 mg and 12 mm diameter) are bored with a drill bit (3/32, 7/64, 1/8, and 5/32). Results. The release of theophylline from the donut-shaped tablets is zero order (80 – 90% release) before rapidly decreasing. As the hole size is increased from 7/64 to 5/32, the release rate increases and the release time is shortened. However, the release of theophylline from the donut-shaped tablet with a hole size of 3/32 follows the same anomalous release profile from a tablet without a hole. As drug solubility increases, the duration of linear drug release is shortened to 65 – 70% release followed by a severe tailing at the later stage of the release. Conclusions. Donut-shaped PEO tablets with a hole provide zero-order release kinetics because the effect of the releasing surface area on the release kinetics is reduced.     

Ear and eye representation in the frontal cortex,area 8b,of the macaque monkey: an electrophysiological study

We evoked both ear and eye movements in area 8b, the rostral area of frontal cortex, in two monkeys. In some sites it was possible to evoke only ear movements or only eye movements; in other locations we evoked both ear and eye movements by varying the intensity of electrical stimulation. The electrically evoked ear movements were forward, or backward, or oblique (upward-forward; upward-backward). In two penetrations the ear movements were bilateral, in the other penetrations they were contralateral. Ipsilateral ear movements were not observed. The evoked eye movements were mainly fixed-vector saccades, contralateral and with an upward orientation of about 45°. If we considered only the sites where the threshold was equal to or lower than 50 A, the stimulation of this area evoked mainly ear movements. In addition we recorded the electrical activity of 195 neurons. Of these neurons: 74% (145/195) discharged before ear movements (ear cells); 20% (40/195) discharged before ear and eye movements (ear-eye cells); 5% (10/195) discharged only before eye movements (eye cells). Ninety-one percent (132/145) of ear cells presented a preferred direction; 90% (36/40) of ear-eye cells presented a preferred direction for ear movements, and 15% (6/40) presented a preferred direction for eye movements. Eighty-five percent (34/40) of cells did not present a preferred direction for visually guided saccades and were active when the monkey made saccades toward the unlit targets (checking saccades). Our results show that a field of area 8b is related to ear movements and to eye-ear movements. The findings that it is possible to obtain both ear and eye movements with low-intensity currents and that there are cells firing for the two types of movements suggest that area 8b may be involved in the orientation and coordination of both ear and eye. This area might be considered a rostral extension of supplementary eye field (SEF) or a different region. However, based on its distinct functional characteristics and connectivity, it is probably better regarded as a separate field. Regardless, the combination of 8b and SEF may constitute a cortical center for orienting processes.     

恒力法测量制动对兔髌韧带截面面积的影响

目的：介绍一种测量软组织截面面积的装置和方法。方法：用测微仪对膝关节制动前后兔髌韧带截面面积进行反复测量。结果：测微仪的变异系数在０．９％以下,制动６周后髌韧带的截面面积明显增大。结论：兔髌韧带截面面积的这种变化与组织的胶原代谢水平相关     

哈巴河铁热克提林牧区蜱类调查研究

作者于1999年5月在新疆哈巴河铁热克提林牧区调查莱姆病时,采用布旗法和宿主检蜱法,对当地莱姆病媒介蜱类作了调查研究,捕获蜱类标本3090只,经整理鉴定,共系8种,其中森林革蜱D.silvarum1543,占捕获总数49.94％,银盾革蜱D.niveus1099只,占35.57％,草原草蜱D.nuttalli383只,占12.49％,边缘革蜱D.marginatus58只,占1.88％,嗜群血蜱H.concin-ma、铃头血蜱H.campanulata、全沟硬蜱I.persulcatus和残缘璃眼蜱Hy.detrtum共7只,占0.22％。当地蜱类在不同生境、不同寄主和不同时间内,其种类组成、活动及数量动态各不相同。     

320名汉族大学生足纹的观察与分析

目的　研究汉族人足趾端纹理各型的分布及足趾、掌皮纹嵴线是否存在男女性别间的差异。方法　采用油墨、印泥印迹、肉眼直观并记录等方法对 32 0名汉族男女大学生的足纹进行收集、观察和分析。结果　趾端弓形纹的出现率为男生 (2 7 0 6 % )高于女生 (2 3 2 5 % ) ,而趾端总嵴线均数亦为男生 (10 9 2 6± 1 2 0 6 )高于女生 (92 5 3± 1 0 6 2 ) ,这表明男生的真实花纹的花样大于女生。男女生足趾、掌各区总嵴线数经t检验 ,P >0 0 5。结论　足纹各区总嵴线数虽在男女之间存在一定的差异 ,但差异均无显著意义     

DNA strand breaks in Alzheimer's disease

The shell and core of the nucleus accumbens exhibit different vulnerabilities to neurotoxins. Calcium binding proteins are reported to offer some neuroprotection against excitotoxicity by suppressing or buffering intracellular calcium. Differences in the distributions of the calbindin-D 28kD (CB) and calretinin (CR) might be related to the different vulnerabilities to neurotoxins of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral mesencephalon that project to the core and medial shell of the nucleus accumbens. To address this possibility, Fluoro-Gold (FG) was injected into accumbens subterritories and numbers of retrogradely labeled neurons in the ventral tegmental area containing CB and CR immunoreactivities (ir) were expressed as a percentage of total numbers of labeled neurons. The perikaryal diameters and lengths of the immunoreactive dendrites of FG labeled neurons were also measured. About 70% and 35% of retrogradely labeled cells observed following core and medial shell injections, respectively, exhibited CB immunoreactivity. Differences were not observed in the percentages of FG labeled cells exhibiting CR immunoreactivity following medial shell (13%) and core (15%) injections. The mean perikaryal diameters and median summed lengths of dendrites of retrogradely labeled neurons containing CB were smaller than in labeled neurons lacking CB following injections in both core and medial shell of the nucleus accumbens. The data indicate that the different 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) vulnerabilities of ventral mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons are not obviously related to the presence of CB and CR.