Hip fracture incidence in the canton of Vaud,Switzerland, 1986–1991

The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of hip fracture in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland (total population 584 000), for the period 1986–1991 using routine hospital discharge data collected by the Cantonal Service of Statistical Research and Information (SCRIS). For the survey period, the estimated average annual crude incidence rate of hip fractures was 167 per 100 000 persons aged 20 or older (241 for women and 84 for men). For the population aged 50 years or older, the crude incidence rate was 388 per 100 000 persons (546 for women and 185 for men). The average annual age-specific rates rose exponentially by successive 5-year age groups. The median age of patients at the time of the fracture was 82 years in women and 74 years in men. There was no significant difference between the total number of cervical and trochanteric fractures. Between the ages of 20 and 84 years, the cumulative risk for a woman to be admitted to hospital with a hip fracture was twice that of a man (15.8% vs 7.8%). From 1986 to 1991, the age- and sex-adjusted incidence, like the ratio of cervical to trochanteric fractures, did not show any significant trend, although it was consistent with an increase in men (p=0.09). However, the annual number of fractures rose from 644 to 776, particularly among very aged men. The mean length of stay in the acute care hospital fell from 38 days in 1986 to 25 days in 1991. Finally, the comparison of these results with those obtained in 1986 for the same population from more exhaustive sources has confirmed the provision of a consistent, although overestimated, assessment of hip fracture incidence by means of these routine hospital statistics in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland.     

3856例农村妇女病普查中宫颈炎资料分析

目的:了解农村妇女宫颈炎的发病情况及影响因素,提出干预措施。方法:对妇女病普查资料进行回顾性分析,将3856例被检查者按年龄、文化程度、避孕方法、妇科检查情况、白带化验结果、宫颈粘液检查结果归类统计。结果:宫颈炎的发病率为73.05％,发病率与年龄、受教育程度有关(P<0.01);阴道清洁度越差,宫颈炎发病率越高(P<0.05);发病类型以中度颗粒型糜烂最多,占27.49％,其次是轻度单纯型糜烂、中度单纯型糜烂,分别为13.51％、11.85％;宫颈炎伴有其他妇科疾病者占65.33％;使用带尾丝IUD组发病率最高,为94.48％,其次是应用避孕药组,避孕套组发病率最低(P<0.05)。结论:农村妇女中宫颈炎发病率较高,发病率与年龄、文化程度、阴道清洁度、STD感染有关,多伴发其他妇科炎症性疾病。防治宫颈炎的关键是早期发现和及时治疗,同时加强性卫生保健知识宣传教育。     

Increased recognition of IgA nephropathy in African-American children

Based upon the percentage of cases of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) in biopsy series, a lower prevalence has been assumed for African-Americans compared with Americans of European descent. This may be due to a racial difference in the basic underlying pathology of IgAN or to racial differences in patterns of referral and biopsy selection practices. Over the past decade (1985 – 1994), we have found similar incidences of IgAN in Caucasian and African-American children from Shelby County, Tennessee. The incidence was 3.0 cases per million per year for Caucasian and 5.7 cases per million per year for African-American children. IgAN may be more common in African-American children than previously appreciated. Population-based incidence studies will be necessary to determine whether or not our experience has become a more widespread phenomenon. Received August 21, 1996; received in revised form and accepted December 18, 1996     

菏泽市城区1008名学龄儿童感觉统合失调调查分析

目的：为了解本市的学龄儿童感觉统合失调的发生率及造成感觉统合失调的有关因素。方法：采用北京感觉统合失调评定表，对6－10岁1008名在校儿童进行整群抽样调查，所获数据经χ^2检验。结果：感觉统合失调发生率为35．52％，其中轻率23．4％，重度12．1％，男童发生率为43．08％，女童发生率为27．89％，男高于女（P＜0．05）。结论：儿童感觉统合失调发生率与父母文化程度、儿童自身智力、学习成绩、出生时缺氧缺血性脑病有关，有关部门要迅速组建机构对感觉统合失调进行训练。     

Anal Canal Cancer

PURPOSE: This study was designed to obtain an updated population-based perspective on anal canal cancer incidence rates, demographics, and outcomes using a nationwide database. Eight-five percent of all carcinomas of the anus are anal canal cancers, and previous studies suggest that incidence rates may be rising. Although the most successful treatment for anal canal cancer has been chemoradiation, little information at the population-level exists regarding demographics, treatment, and survival. METHODS: All patients diagnosed with anal canal cancer from 1973 to 1998 in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results cancer registry were analyzed. Data regarding demographics, cancer characteristics, treatment, and survival were assessed. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed. RESULTS: A total of 4,841 patients were studied (mean age was 61 years; 62 percent female). Female patients were significantly older than male patients (65 vs. 58 years; P < 0.0001). There was a yearly increase in incidence of anal canal cancers (from 1973–1998). Disease prevalence by stage was localized (53 percent), regional (38 percent), and distant (9 percent). Racial/stage differences were seen, because black patients had less localized disease than white patients (46 vs. 53 percent; P < 0.01). Overall five-year survival for the entire cohort was 53 percent, and cancer-specific survival was 84 percent. Survival improved per decade (based on year of diagnosis). Significant survival differences in race were noted, but were less when the receipt of treatment was considered. CONCLUSION: Although most anal canal cancer reviews are single institutional series, this study was performed with population-based data. The incidence of anal canal cancer is increasing, and overall survival rates are improving. Important disparities in care were identified, which need to be addressed.     

Clinical and laboratory features of type 1 diabetic children at the time of diagnosis.

The French incidence study has registered all new cases of Type 1 diabetic children under 20 years of age, from a population of 2.32 million, in an exhaustive and prospective manner. Three hundred and forty cases were identified between 1 January 1988 and 31 December 1989, yielding a mean annual incidence rate 7.3 per 10(5). The lowest rate was observed in the youngest age group (0-4 yr: 4.1 per 10(5)) and the highest around pubertal development (10-14 yr: 11.5 per 10(5)). Details of the previous personal and family history, and the clinical and biological pictures of the disease at diagnosis were recorded. Almost 8 per cent of the children had a first-degree relative with Type 1 diabetes. Polyuria, weight loss, fatigue and abdominal pain were the most frequently reported symptoms, which were of median duration 4.4 months. Mean weight loss before diagnosis was 9.4 +/- 6.8 (+/- SD)% of body weight and was not significantly related to age. Ketonuria was detected in 83.8 per cent and acidosis (total CO2 less than or equal to 18 mmol l-1, if measured) in 48 per cent of the cases. Ketonuria and acidosis were significantly more frequent in the younger age group than in the rest of the group (p less than 0.001).     

Incidence of gestational trophoblastic disease in Stockholm County, 1975–1988

An epidemiological study with the aim of establishing the incidence of hydatidiform mole, persistent trophoblastic disease and choriocarcinoma in Stockholm County was performed. Based on the regional cancer registry and hospital registers, the incidence for 1975–1988 was calculated for the number of deliveries as well as the total number of pregnancies. Of the molar pregnancies, 6% were treated with chemotherapy because of invasive mole or choriocarcinoma. Non-molar choriocarcinoma occurred in 1/33,717 deliveries. Difficulties in assessing the incidence of gestational trophoblastic disease are discussed.     

Seizure Disorders: The Changes With Age

Summary: Age has a profound influence on our approach to the convulsive disorders. Age is a variable which is an important determinant for risk factors for epilepsy. Age, as a surrogate of brain maturation, is a determinant of the specific characteristics of the seizure disorder in those with epilepsy, and age-related changes in these manifestations can be identified. Age is a determinant for the occurrence of acute symptomatic seizures in several types of metabolic or central nervous system insults. Age is a determinant for prognosis, whether one considers remission, medication withdrawal in those entering remission, relapse following prolonged remission, or mortality. Last, age per se seems to be a risk factor for epilepsy independent of other factors. This seems particularly true for partial seizures.     

2001年广西疟疾防治效果及流行特征分析

目的：分析2001年全区疟疾防治效果、流行趋势、流行特征，为疟疾防治与监测提供依据。方法：对全区2001年疟疾监测结果和调查结果资料进行分析研究。结果：2001年全区疟疾发病率、居民原虫阳性率分别比上年降低21．74％及16．67％，91．49％的当地感染的病人分布在山区县，86．02％的病灶村为1例病人。流动人口检出疟疾病例数占各类人群血检检出疟疾病例总数的87．89％，外出回归人员检出病例中84．79％的病人从事与野外作业相关的工种。结论：全区大部分地区为低疟区，局部地区疟疾传播仍未阻断。流动人口和山区复媒地区是当前疟疾监测的重点。     

湖北省洪涝灾区的气象因素与钩体病发病关系的研究

目的　探讨洪涝灾区的气象因素与钩端螺旋体病 (钩体病 )发病关系 ,控制洪涝灾区钩体病流行。方法选择仙桃市、枝江县作为调查点 ,调查 6～ 10月平均降雨量、年平均降雨量、6～ 10月平均气温、年平均气温和钩体病发病率。结果　仙桃市、枝江县 8月份钩体病发病数占总发病数的 75 .74% ,仙桃市 8月份降雨量与钩体病发病率呈显著性相关 ,相关系数为r =0 .72 (P <0 .0 1) ,其余因子与钩体发病率均无显著相关性。结论　仙桃市的钩体发病率与当地 8月份的降雨量有一定的相关性。