高容量血液滤过对急重型弥散性脑肿胀治疗的临床研究

目的观察使用高容量血液滤过(血滤)对急重型弥散性脑肿胀治疗效果的临床研究。方法34例诊断为急重型弥散性脑肿胀、GCS评分为3~6分的病人被随机分成两组:治疗组(n=17)和对照组(n=17)。治疗组的病人入院后即给予高容量血液滤过治疗,置换液为3.0~4.0L/h,血流量为200~300m l/m in,时间为3~5d;对照组按普通常规治疗。两组病人均用血清神经元特异性烯醇酶连续监测1周,GCS在治疗后1、10、20d和GOS于3个月后进行检验、评估及统计。结果治疗组和对照组的血清NSE和GCS分别为(12.4±2.2)μg/L、(9.6±2.6)μg/L和(26.3±2.8)μg/L、(6.3±2.3)μg/L,两组有明显差异(P<0.01)。3个月后GOS评估,治疗组优于对照组,GOS 4~5级:治疗组7例(41.1%),对照组3例(17.7%);死亡:治疗组6例(35.3%),对照组9例(52.9%)。结论早期使用高容量血液滤过对急重型弥散性脑肿胀的治疗有明显疗效。     

有机磷中毒患者血液净化前后抵抗素和内脂素含量变化的研究

目的观察有机磷中毒患者血液灌流（HP）联合连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过（CVVH）对有机磷的清除及血清抵抗素、内脂素含量的影响。方法将120例有机磷中毒患者在常规对症治疗的基础上,分为常规治疗组30例;以及在常规治疗的基础上行活性炭HP联合CVVH治疗组30例（HP联合CVVH治疗组）;HP组30例;CVVH治疗组30例;各组均在治疗0、12、24、48、72h时留取血样3ml。采用ELISA法检测患者循环中血清抵抗素、内脂素含量水平。结果各组有机磷中毒患者治疗前血清抵抗素和内脂素含量均明显高于正常对照组（P〈0.01）,且各组治疗前抵抗素和内脂素含量差异不存在统计学意义（P〉0.05）,经过72h治疗,各组患者抵抗素和内脂素水平均明显降低。常规治疗组经过72h治疗,血清抵抗素和内脂素水平降低缓慢（P〈0.05）;HP联合CVVH治疗组治疗后有机磷中毒患者血清抵抗素和内脂素含量逐渐降低,治疗48h后已显著低于治疗前（P〈0.05）,治疗72h后降低更为明显（P〈0.01）;CVVH和HP组治疗后有机磷中毒患者血清抵抗素和内脂素含量逐渐下降,治疗24h后已显著低于治疗前（P〈0.05）,但48h后又明显升高;治疗72h后下降缓慢。有机磷中毒患者抵抗素和内脂素浓度呈正相关（r=0.76,P〈0.01）。结论 HP联合CVVH治疗可有效清除有机磷中毒患者血液中炎症因子抵抗素和内脂素,改善患者内皮细胞功能。同时血清抵抗素和内脂素的检测,为临床观察HP联合CVVH的治疗效果提供了新的监测指标。     

连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过对内毒素休克羊血液动力学和炎性介质的影响

目的观察连续性静脉.静脉血液滤过(CVVH)对内毒素休克血液动力学和炎性介质的影响。方法 雄性绵羊12只,随机分为两组。对照组(A组,n=6),内毒素以1 mg·kg-1静脉泵注,30min内完成,同时静脉输注林格液15 ml·kg-1·h-1,持续6 h;血滤组(B组,n=6),于开始泵注内毒素后1 h给予CVVH治疗5 h,其余处理同A组。所有动物均给予气管插管、镇静、肌松、控制呼吸,行有创血液动力学监测;两组分别于内毒素泵注前(T0)、开始泵注后30、60、90、120、210、360 min(T1～T6)采静脉血及超滤液4ml,测定血浆及超滤液中内毒素、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10的浓度。结果 血滤组CVVH治疗后(T1-T6)平均动脉压及体循环阻力指数明显上升、心率显著性下降。TNF-α于泵注内毒素后(T1-T6)两组均显著性增高,血滤组于CVVH治疗60 min(T4)时较治疗前(T2)虽无明显改变,但明显低于同时点对照组(P<0.01),CVVH治疗150～300 min(T5-T6)时TNF-α浓度较对照组及治疗前(T2)均显著性降低(P<0.05);IL-10虽呈增高趋势,但较治疗前和对照组无显著性变化;而两组IL-6水平则无明显差异。超滤液中可检测到TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10。结论 血滤治疗有利于纠正促炎细胞因子过度释放和抗炎细胞因子失衡,改善内毒素休克血液动力学。     

Early Classic Hemofiltration Exhibits No Benefits in Severe Acute Pancreatitis With Early Organ Failure: A Retrospective Case‐Matched Study

Continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) is an important organ supportive technique. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of early classic CVVH on the outcomes of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients with early organ failure (EOF). Between 2008 and 2012, a total of 44 SAP patients with EOF were admitted to our department. The 44 patients were classified into two groups according to whether they received early classic CVVH (2 L/h, initiated within 24 h after admission): 25 patients received early CVVH (ECVVH group), and 19 patients did not receive early CVVH (control group). The two groups were matched for age and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores. The severity of organ dysfunctions was evaluated by Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores. Each group included 19 patients. The baseline characters between the two groups were balanced. The SOFA scores in the ECVVH group increased compared with those in the control group. The time to weaning from mechanical ventilation was significantly longer in the ECVVH group (log‐rank test: χ² = 4.007, P = 0.045). Renal support was also significantly prolonged in the ECVVH group (the number of patients receiving CVVH 72 h after admission: 10 vs. 3, respectively, P = 0.038). Nine patients died in the ECVVH group versus six patients in the control group (P = 0.508). In conclusion, our study failed to prove that early classic CVVH had any benefits on the outcomes of SAP patients with EOF. Unexpectedly, early classic CVVH worsened organ functional capacity. However, it is possible that CVVH using advanced techniques may be beneficial in SAP patients with EOF.     

1033例重症急性胰腺炎治疗经验总结

目的 总结重症急性胰腺炎的治疗经验.方法 1997年1月至2009年3月,南京军区南京总医院全军普通外科研究所共收治重症急性胰腺炎患者1033例,男性622例,女性411例;年龄13～98岁,平均51岁.APACHEⅡ评分(12.0±4.3)分.所有患者的治疗均由ICU、外科、内镜、影像和血液净化等专业医师组成的治疗小组完成.患者早期均在ICU内进行监测治疗,其中机械通气365例,气管切开218例,行床旁持续大流量血液滤过159例,行鼻胆引流179例,早期肠内营养513例,CT引导下经皮胰周穿刺引流477例次,因胰周坏死感染行胰周坏死组织清除引流术438例.结果 1033例患者中,975例治愈出院(94.4%),38例患者死亡,其中手术患者病死率7.1%(31/438).结论 多专业医生组成的治疗小组可能更有利于重症急性胰腺炎的治疗.     

连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过在老年多器官功能障碍中的应用

目的:观察连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)在一组老年多器官功能障碍(MODS)患者中应用的效果及安全性。方法:50例老年MODS患者患者分为A组和B组,A组27例接受CVVH治疗,B组23例接受普通透析,患者在治疗前后进行APACHE评分,并检测血钠、钾、氯、尿酸、碳酸氢盐、氧分压、二氧化碳分压和脑钠肽。结果:①治疗后,血电解质紊乱和酸碱失衡得到纠正,毒素明显下降,两组患者间无显著性差异。②与B组患者相比,A组患者治疗后,脑钠肽和二氧化碳分压明显下降,氧分压上升,APACHE评分明显降低。结论:与普通透析相比,CVVH除了能清除毒素和纠正电解质酸碱失衡以外,还能提高患者PO2、减轻CO2潴留,明显改善心肺功能效果,因此应用于老年MODS患者是安全有效的。     

连续性血液透析滤过对内毒素诱导急性肺损伤幼猪血流动力学影响

目的 探讨连续性血液透析滤过对稳定内毒素诱导急性肺损伤幼猪血流动力学的价值.方法 18头幼猪随机分为对照组、肝素组和干预组,每组6头.内毒素诱导肺损伤.于动物基础状态(B)、成模(A 0 h)、成模后2 h(A 2 h)、4 h(A 4 h)、6 h(A 6 h)记录心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MABP)、脉搏轮廓心输出量指数(PCCI)、全身血管阻力指数(SVRI)、心功能指数(CFI)、左心室收缩力指数(dPmx)、肺血管外肺水指数(EVLWI).结果 A 0 h各组PCCI、MABP、CFI、dPmx较B下降;HR、SVRI、EVLWI较B上升,组间比较无统计学意义.A 4 h各组EVLWI、SVRI、CFI、dPmx:干预组(15.0±1.9)ml/kg、(3073.0±685.0)dyns·cm-5·m2、(5.3±0.5)L/min、[(1883.0±466.0)mmHg/s,1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa];对照组(34.3±5.7)ml/kg、(4991.0±574.0)dyns·cm-5·m2、(3.6±0.4)L/min、(713.0±211.0)mm Hg/s;肝素组(34.3±5.1)ml/kg、(5445.0±576.0)dyns·cm-5m2、(3.3±0.2)L/min、(768.0±247.0)mm Hg/s.A 6 h各组HR、MABP、PCCI:干预组(154.2±12.4)/min、(97.2±10.3)mm Hg、(3.9±0.5)L/(min·m2);对照组(172.0±2.8)/min、(76.2±10.8)mm Hg、(2.7±0.5)L/(min·m2);肝素组(174.5±7.6)/min、(76.0±10.2)mm Hg、(2.8±0.4)L/(min·m2).干预组与对照组和肝素组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),肝素组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义.结论 连续性血液透析滤过对稳定内毒素诱导急性肺损伤幼猪血流动力学状态有效.     

连续性血液净化救治心脏术后重症肾衰竭的疗效分析

目的探讨连续性血液净化（CBP）治疗心脏术后重症急性肾衰竭（ARF）的效果和时机选择。方法31例行CBP治疗的重症ARF患者分为生存组（A组）和死亡组（B纽）。观测两组治疗前后平均动脉压（MAP）、氧舍指数（PaO2／FiO2）、肾功能（Cr、BUN）、MODS评分和APACHEⅡ评分；比较2组CBP距ARF和尿量〈0．5ml／（Kg·h）时间。结果CBP前B组MODS评分、APACHEⅡ评分均明显高于A组；CBP后，仅A组MODS评分、APACHEⅡ评分下降；CBP后2组Cr、BUN降低，MAP、PaO2／FiO，升高；B组的CBP距ARF和尿量〈0．5ml／（Kg·h）时间长于A组（P均〈0．05）。结论CBP治疗心脏术后重症ARF是安全有效的，尽早行CBP有利于改善患者预后。     

Modified DALI LDL-apheresis using trisodium citrate anticoagulation plus bicarbonate or lactate-buffered hemofiltration substitution fluids as primers

BACKGROUND: DALI (direct adsorption of lipids) is the first LDL-apheresis technique able to adsorb low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and lipoproteina) directly from whole blood. In the standard procedure, acid citrate dextrose (ACD-A) is used as anticoagulation and the adsorber is rinsed with a specially manufactured priming solution (PS). Using neutral trisodium citrate (TSC) instead of ACD-A might improve the acid-base homeostasis during DALI apheresis; moreover, applying wholesale hemofiltration solutions instead of the special PS might avoid the use of two separate solutions for both priming before and reinfusion after the treatment, thus simplifiying the procedure. AIM: The present study was performed to test the effect of neutral (TSC) anticoagulation and of two different commercially available hemofiltration (HF) priming solutions on the efficacy and biocompatibility of DALI apheresis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five hypercholesterolemic chronic DALI patients were treated prospectively, on a weekly or biweekly basis, 3 times each by standard DALI-apheresis (A). by DALI using 4% TSC and bicarbonate-buffered HF BIC35-210 priming (B). as well as by DALI using 4% TSC and lactate-buffered HF 23 priming (C). After the sessions, the extracorporeal circuit (ECC) was rinsed with saline in study arm A and with the corresponding HF solutions in study arms B and C, respectively. RESULTS: Acute LDL-cholesterol reductions in the study arms A/B/C averaged 64/64/63%, for Lp(a) 62/64/62%, respectively (n=15). Clinically, all sessions were essentially uneventful and no clots were observed in the ECC. No major differences were found between the 3 study arms with respect to biocompatibility (elastase, C3a, thrombin-antithrombin, beta-thromboglobulin, bradykinin). CONCLUSION: DALI apheresis using TSC anticoagulation and HF solutions for both priming and reinfusion proved to be as safe and effective as the standard DALI apheresis. These modifications, however, further simplify the procedure.     

Customized bicarbonate buffered dialysate and replacement solutions for continuous renal replacement therapies: effect of crystallization on the measured levels of electrolytes and buffer

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the addition of calcium to bicarbonate solutions for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). We tested single bag (bicarbonate and calcium mixed 24 h before testing) and double bag solutions (mixed immediately before) with and without the addition of 4 mEq/L of acetate. Prescribed calcium varied from 0 to 5 mEq/L. All test solutions containing calcium showed crystallization at light microscopy. The double bag solutions decreased but did not prevent crystallization. The addition of acetate did not interfere with crystallization. Crystallization, as measured by the weight of the crystals after filtration of the solutions, showed a significant positive correlation with the calcium deficit (prescribed minus measured) and with partial pressure of carbon dioxide. The measured level of calcium was lower than expected and correlated with crystallization. Our results suggest that the use of bicarbonate solutions containing calcium as replacement fluids for CRRT is a potentially unsafe procedure.