全文获取类型
收费全文 | 9516篇 |
免费 | 781篇 |
国内免费 | 185篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 11篇 |
儿科学 | 385篇 |
妇产科学 | 75篇 |
基础医学 | 694篇 |
口腔科学 | 229篇 |
临床医学 | 591篇 |
内科学 | 1675篇 |
皮肤病学 | 83篇 |
神经病学 | 516篇 |
特种医学 | 92篇 |
外科学 | 375篇 |
综合类 | 611篇 |
现状与发展 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 3734篇 |
眼科学 | 27篇 |
药学 | 563篇 |
5篇 | |
中国医学 | 260篇 |
肿瘤学 | 555篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 12篇 |
2023年 | 184篇 |
2022年 | 881篇 |
2021年 | 1048篇 |
2020年 | 502篇 |
2019年 | 401篇 |
2018年 | 370篇 |
2017年 | 325篇 |
2016年 | 339篇 |
2015年 | 395篇 |
2014年 | 554篇 |
2013年 | 797篇 |
2012年 | 438篇 |
2011年 | 413篇 |
2010年 | 354篇 |
2009年 | 314篇 |
2008年 | 367篇 |
2007年 | 326篇 |
2006年 | 266篇 |
2005年 | 237篇 |
2004年 | 197篇 |
2003年 | 198篇 |
2002年 | 163篇 |
2001年 | 110篇 |
2000年 | 126篇 |
1999年 | 98篇 |
1998年 | 95篇 |
1997年 | 95篇 |
1996年 | 74篇 |
1995年 | 66篇 |
1994年 | 58篇 |
1993年 | 58篇 |
1992年 | 69篇 |
1991年 | 54篇 |
1990年 | 43篇 |
1989年 | 39篇 |
1988年 | 48篇 |
1987年 | 38篇 |
1986年 | 39篇 |
1985年 | 45篇 |
1984年 | 36篇 |
1983年 | 31篇 |
1982年 | 30篇 |
1981年 | 28篇 |
1980年 | 27篇 |
1979年 | 17篇 |
1978年 | 22篇 |
1977年 | 12篇 |
1975年 | 7篇 |
1974年 | 11篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
Effects of Clodronate on Cortical and Trabecular Bone in Ovariectomized Rats on a Low Calcium Diet 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
T. S. Kaastad O. Reikerås J. E. Madsen S. Narum J. H. Strømme K. J. Obrant L. Nordsletten 《Calcified tissue international》1997,61(2):158-164
The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of a low calcium diet to the cortical and trabecular osteoporosis
seen in ovariectomized rats after 7 weeks on a low calcium diet and to investigate the effects of the bisphosphonate clodronate
on this development of osteoporosis. Thirty-six mature, female Wistar rats were randomized into four groups: Ovx−B (bisphosphonate)
and Ovx−C (control) were ovariectomized, and Sham−Ca (low calcium) and Sham+Ca (normal calcium) were sham operated. The first
three groups were fed a low calcium diet (0.01%) and Sham+Ca normal rat chow (Ca 1.1%). The Ovx−B received 10 mg/kg s.c. clodronate
daily for nine weeks, and Ovx−C, Sham−Ca, and Sham+Ca received the same volumes of saline. Bone mineral turnover measured
as 85Sr-uptake was increased in all low calcium groups compared to Sham+Ca. The Sham+Ca femora had higher dry weight and ash weight
than the other groups, and Ovx−C had higher dry weight compared with Ovx−B and Sham−Ca. Calcium content was lower in both
Ovx groups compared to both Sham groups. Magnesium was lower in all groups compared to Sham+Ca and higher in Ovx−B compared
with Ovx−C. In the femoral shaft, Sham+Ca had significantly higher ultimate bending moment, energy absorption, and deflection
compared to the other three groups. Ultimate bending moment was higher in Sham−Ca than in Ovx−C. Stiffness was increased in
both Sham+Ca and Ovx−B compared to Ovx−C. The maximum stress in the femoral midshaft was higher in Sham+Ca than in the other
groups, and higher in Ovx−B than in Ovx−C. Histomorphometry showed increased medullary area in all low calcium groups compared
to Sham+Ca and larger cortical area in Sham+Ca and Ovx−B compared to Ovx−C. Compared to Sham+Ca the trabecular bone volume
was decreased to 30% in Sham−Ca and to 9% in Ovx−C, but was unchanged in Ovx−B. The low calcium diet generally increased bone
mineral turnover and reduced the tibial bone volume. Femoral changes led to a reduction of cortical fracture strength and
maximal stress. Ovariectomy in addition to a low calcium diet reduced femoral strength even more. Daily injections of clodronate
to ovariectomized rats on a low calcium diet increased femoral shaft stiffness and maximum stress, and clodronate preserved
both trabecular and cortical tibial bone volume completely.
Received: 11 June 1996 / Accepted: 5 March 1997 相似文献
22.
医院老年病房四季全膳食中十五种矿物质元素的测定及评价 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对我院老年病房四季112份全膳食中的15种元素(钾、钠、钙、磷、镁、锌、铜、铁、锰、硒、铝、钴、铬、钼、镍)进行了实测。结果表明:钾的平均日摄入量为1809+38mg,接近RDA值的下限;钠的平均日摄入量为5972±146mg远高于1100~3300mg的供给标准。钙、磷、镁的日摄入量已达到了RDA值的标准。全膳食中锌、铜的含量分别为11.68±0.19mg和1.72±0.10rng,略低于RDA值(15mg及2~3mg)的标准,锰含量为3.41±0.09mg硒为98±2.5μg,都处于安全与适宜摄入范围(2.5~5.0mg和50~200μ9)。钴、铬、钼、镍均为人体必需的微量元素、目前我国尚未建立有关营养供给量标准。该项研究结果可为今后确定其推荐供给量标准提供必要的基础资料. 相似文献
23.
High-protein Weight-loss Diets: Are They Safe and Do They Work? A Review of the Experimental and Epidemiologic Data 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Julie Eisenstein M.D. Susan B. Roberts Ph.D. Gerard Dallal Ph.D. Edward Saltzman M.D. 《Nutrition reviews》2002,60(7):189-200
Recommendations for increased consumption of protein are among the most common approaches of popular or fad diets. This review summarizes the effects of dietary protein on satiety, energy intake, thermogenesis, and weight loss, as well as its effect on a variety of health outcomes in adults. In short-term studies, dietary protein modulates energy intake via the sensation of satiety and increases total energy expenditure by increasing the thermic effect of feeding. Whereas these effects did not contribute to weight and fat loss in those studies in which energy intake was fixed, one ad libitum study does suggest that a high-protein diet results in a greater decrease in energy intake, and therefore greater weight and fat loss. In terms of safety, there is little long-term information on the health effects of high-protein diets. From the available data, however, it is evident that the consumption of protein greater than two to three times the U.S. Recommended Daily Allowance contributes to urinary calcium loss and may, in the long term, predispose to bone loss. Caution with these diets is recommended in those individuals who may be predisposed to nephrolithiasis or kidney disease, and particularly in those with diabetes mellitus. 相似文献
24.
We evaluated the influence of individually estimated portion sizes on the estimate of nutrient related risk of colorectal cancer, using data from a Portuguese hospital based case-control study on diet and colorectal cancer. A total of 100 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma (aged 15-92 years) and 211 controls (aged 36-89 years) were included. Two data sets were created for nutrient analysis, the first one allowed estimates of food intake using data on portion size as collected with visual aids during the interview. The second estimate substituted respondents' estimate with a standard portion size, as used in the semi-quantitative (SQ) food frequency approach. The two analytic approaches yielded similar energy and nutrient intakes in cases and controls. The percent range of concordance is acceptable, in the same quartile varying from 44 to 82% (mean: 56%) and very good in the same or adjacent (+/-1) quartile (mean: 91%, range: 85-97%). The two estimates lead to a similar pattern of multivariate odd's ratio, however the SQ estimates resulted in more significant findings. We conclude that little extra information is gained by including individual portion size information when assessing diet-related risk of colorectal cancer. 相似文献
25.
A case-control study of breast cancer among Japanese women: with special reference to family history and reproductive and dietary factors 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Dr. Ikuko Kato Dr. Shigeto Miura Fijio Kasumi Takuji Iwase Hideya Tashiro Yoshihiro Fujita Hiroki Koyama Tadashi Ikeda Kiyoshi Fujiwara Keiichi Saotome Kazuaki Asaishi Rikiya Abe Mitsuhiro Nihei Tsunehiro Ishida Takao Yokoe Hiroshi Yamamoto Motoi Murata 《Breast cancer research and treatment》1992,24(1):51-59
Summary To study the effects of family history and reproductive, anthropometric, and dietary factors on the risk of breast cancer among low risk populations, we conducted a hospital-based case-control study involving 908 patients with breast cancer and their matched controls, in Japan. A positive family history of breast cancer significantly increased the risk of breast cancer (odds ratio = 1.52, 95% confidence interval: 1.14–2.03). The risk further increased with increasing number of family members affected. Obesity, single marital status, fewer births, a late childbirth, and less consumption of green-yellow vegetables and dairy products were also associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. These associations were independent in multivariate analyses. There was no increase in risk associated with consumption of high fat foods. When analyzed by menopausal status, the association with family history of breast cancer, especially in the first degree of relatives, was more evident for premenopausal breast cancer. The associations with obesity and lower consumption of dairy products were more pronounced for postmenopausal breast cancer, while those with lower parity and single marital status were stronger for premenopausal breast cancer. 相似文献
26.
目的 评价低钙饮食对大鼠皮质骨的影响。方法 3月龄SD普通级雄性大鼠40只,随机分为5组。第1、2组饲养1个月,分为正常对照组(1mol,ca1.0%)和极低钙组VLCD(1mol,Ca0.1%),余下3组饲养3个月,分为正常对照组(3mol,Ca1.0%)、极低钙组VLCD(3mol,Ca0.1%)和低钙组LCD(3mol,Ca0.3%)。各组动物喂养包含对应钙含量的精制饲料,处死前进行双荧光标记。实验结束时,取左侧胫骨中段行骨形态计量学检测。结果 无论是低钙饮食1个月,还是3个月,无论是极度缺钙,还是仅有轻微的钙不足,胫骨中段横截面皮质骨始终未出现显著意义的变化,但骨内膜骨吸收有增加的趋势。结论 低钙对皮质骨作用不明显,这可能与机体在低钙状态下动用骨骼的次序或快慢有关。 相似文献
27.
Douglas A. Drossman 《Stress and health》1994,10(1):49-55
The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a very common disorder of intestinal function characterized by variable symptoms of abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation and bloating. The spectrum of severity ranges from mild symptoms, not worthy of clinical attention, to intense and continuous symptoms associated with impaired health-related quality of life and high health care use. Psychosocial disturbance is commonly found among patients with irritable bowel, but until recently, its precise role in the disorder was uncertain. The data now suggest that irritable bowel is not a psychiatric disorder per se, but psychosocial factors including life stress, psychiatric comorbidity and abnormal illness behavior, among others, influence how the illness is experienced and acted upon. Patients with mild symptoms usually respond to education, reassurance, dietary modification and, when needed, antimotility agents. However, patients with more severe symptoms, who usually have greater psychosocial disturbance, will also require behavioral interventions, and possibly psychopharmacological agents. In sum, a graduated, multicomponent plan of care that includes dietary, behavioral and pharmacological treatments is recommended. 相似文献
28.
吡格列酮对高脂饮食兔主动脉LOX-1表达的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的探讨吡格列酮对高脂饮食下兔主动脉LOX-1表达的影响及其对动脉粥样硬化的作用。方法设立正常饮食、高脂饮食及高脂饮食加吡格列酮干预3组,通过比较主动脉病理形态学改变、血脂的变化、LOX-1分子及mRNA的表达进行研究,采用免疫组化检测兔主动脉LOX-1分子的表达,采用RT-PCR检测LOX-1mRNA的表达。结果吡格列酮能减轻高脂饮食所致的内膜增厚和平滑肌增生,减轻高脂血症所致动脉粥样硬化的发展。吡格列酮还能明显升高HDL,对TC、LDL、TG和BS无明显影响。高脂饮食刺激兔主动脉LOX-1分子及mRNA的表达,吡格列酮能显著减轻这种作用。结论吡格列酮能减轻高脂饮食兔主动脉LOX-1分子及mRNA的表达,这可能是噻唑烷酮类药物抗动脉粥样硬化的重要作用机制。 相似文献
29.
Nixie G. Raymond Johanna T. Dwyer Patricia Nevins Paul Kurtin 《Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)》1990,4(2):145-151
Children with mild to moderate renal insufficiency may be at an increased risk for developing glomerulosclerosis and subsequent renal failure. Low protein diets (LPD) have been shown to delay the progression of renal insufficiency in laboratory animals and may be of benefit in adult humans. The nutritional costs of a LPD in adults are reportedly minimal. We review the protein and caloric requirements of growing children and discuss the potential harmful effects and benefits of an LPD in this population. We also discuss dietary adherence and the difficulty of designing an LPD for children. We conclude that the protein content of a typical American diet can safely be reduced to, but not below, the recommended daily allowance for protein if diets are carefully planned, patients and their parents extensively counseled, and if dietary supplements are given to help meet the caloric and vitamin-mineral nutrient needs of growing children. In addition, ongoing nutritional assessment, counseling, and frequent monitoring of growth, diet and biochemical indicators of protein status are essential for maintaining the health of these children. 相似文献
30.
中老年人膳食和体液免疫水平的调查 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
作者调查了161例(男:98,女:63)中老年人的营养素摄入量、血浆蛋白及体液免疫水平。结果:该人群的大部分人热能的摄入量达RDA值;膳食蛋白质、维生素A、B2、C、锌和铁的摄入量较低;脂肪摄入量按热能比高于30%者约占30%;血浆总蛋白、球蛋白水平较低,尤其是女性;免疫球蛋白IgA偏低,IgG和IgM偏高。 相似文献