Health dynamics shape life-cycle incomes

This paper empirically investigates the long-run effects of major health improvements on income growth in the United States. To isolate exogenous changes in health, the econometric model uses quasi-experimental variation in cardiovascular disease mortality across states over time. Based on data for the white population, the results show that there is a causal link between health and income per person, and they provide novel evidence that health dynamics shape life-cycle incomes. Life-cycle income profiles slope more strongly at the beginning and at the end of work life in 2000 than in 1960, indicating that age becomes a more prominent determinant of income dynamics over this period. The channels for this transformation include better health, higher educational attainment, and changing labor supply.     

Work factors facilitating working beyond state pension age: Prospective cohort study with register follow-up

Objectives:The demographic changes in Europe underline the need for an extension of working lives. This study investigates the importance of physical work demands and psychosocial work factors for working beyond the state pension age (65 years).Methods:We combined data from three cohorts of the general working population in Denmark (DWECS 2005 and 2010, and DANES 2008), where actively employed workers aged 55–59 years replied to questionnaires about work environment and were followed until the age of 66 years in the Danish AMRun register of paid employment. Using logistic regression analyses, we calculated prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between physical and psychosocial work factors and working beyond state pension age, adjusted for age, sex, cohort, cohabiting, sector, income, vocational education, working hours, lifestyle, and previous sickness absence.Results:Of the 2884 workers aged 55–59 years, 1023 (35.5%) worked beyond the state pension age. Higher physical work demands was associated with a lower likelihood (PR 0.69, 95% CI 0.58–0.82) and a good psychosocial work environment was associated with higher likelihood (average of 7 items: PR 1.81, 95% CI 1.49–2.20) of working beyond state pension age. Stratified analyses did not change the overall pattern, ie, a good overall psychosocial work environment – as well as several specific psychosocial factors – increased the likelihood of working beyond state pension age, both for those with physically active and seated work.Conclusion:While high physical work demands was a barrier, a good psychosocial work environment seems to facilitate working beyond state pension age, also for those with physically active work.     

“互联网+”居家养老服务需求意愿及影响因素研究

目的:以合肥市为例,基于老年人自身角度,对“互联网+”居家养老服务需求程度及影响因素进行探究方法;采用描述性统计方法探究老年人“互联网+”居家养老服务需求及接受现状;采用多元有序logistic模型从个体特征、社会环境特征、“互联网+”认知特征等三方面分析不同特征老人“互联网+”居家养老服务需求影响因素。结果:①老年人对于智能化养老需求意愿较高,但实际接受程度仍偏低。②年龄、文化程度、享受养老保险类型、“互联网+”居家养老服务认识了解程度,智能设备使用简易程度等会正向促进居家养老服务需求程度的提高。而户口所在地、当前养老现状满意程度、信息化养老服务费用等会负向影响居家养老服务需求程度的提高。结论:促进老年人生活质量进一步提高,应从增强“互联网+”居家养老服务模式普及率,尊重社区居民养老服务需求,坚持政府主导与市场融合,构建完善基础信息技术系统等方面入手。     

COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant women in Sweden and Norway

Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are highly effective in preventing severe disease and mortality. Although pregnant women are at increased risk of severe COVID-19, vaccination uptake among pregnant women varies. We used the Swedish and Norwegian population-based health registries to identify pregnant women and to investigate background characteristics associated with not being vaccinated. In this study of 164 560 women giving birth between May 2021 and May 2022, 78% in Sweden and 87% in Norway have been vaccinated with at least one dose at delivery. Not being vaccinated while being pregnant was associated with age below 30 years, low education and income level, birth region other than Scandinavia, smoking during pregnancy, not living with a partner, and gestational diabetes. These results can assist health authorities develop targeted vaccination information to diminish vaccination inequality and prevent severe disease in vulnerable groups.     

在校大学生艾滋病认知状况的调查研究

目的：了解高校大学生对艾滋病的认知状况,以便为制定有针对性的健康教育和综合防治措施提供科学依据。方法：采用现场不记名方式于2000年11月对西安五所高校大学生进行了问卷调查,用EpiInfo5.0统计软件进行统计分析。结果：70．5％的被调查者清楚艾滋病的全称。49．1％的人能正确回答艾滋病的三种主要传播途径,25．6％的人还认为蚊虫叮咬可传播艾滋病,对此知识的掌握年龄大者,已婚者,受教育程度高的和医学生掌握程度优于年龄小的,未婚者,教育程度低的和非医学生。结论：高校大学生对艾滋病有关知识了解甚少,他们又处在感染的高危人群,这种低知识水平的现状,与我国面临的艾滋病流行趋势极不适应,提示令后艾滋病知识的健康教育应在大学生尤其应在低年级学生中加强。     

南京城郊居民卫生服务需求调查分析

为了解南京市西部城郊社区居民卫生服务需求情况 ,我们对该地区 15岁以上居民 80 0 0人进行了问卷调查。结果显示 ,受调查人群两周患病率为 31 5 % ,两周就诊率 5 9 9% ,6 4 6 %的受调查者近两年内没有接受健康体检。当身体不适时 ,34 2 %的居民选择自我医疗。在 35岁以上的妇女中 ,5 8 3%没有接受乳房检查 ,6 3 9%没有接受宫颈涂片检查。提示我们社区居民潜在的卫生服务需求市场有待开发     

危重患者心脏手术后氧代谢监测的价值

目的 探讨心脏直视术后危重患氧供需平衡的重要性和临床价值。指导救治,三疗效及预后,预防多器功能衰竭（ＭＯＦ）的发生,使ＩＣＵ监测水平跨跃到细胞水平。方法 对１４８例,心脏直视术后危重入ＩＣＵ后,分阶段动态监测动脉,混合静脉血气,心输出量,胃粘膜ＰＨ值,对代谢这各项监测值之间相关关系进行分析。结果 动静脉血气及其差值的变化与循环,呼吸功能变化呈正在关系;ＡＰＡＣＨＥⅡ评分高,ＳｖＯ２低的极重患     

医学大学生对医德认知的调查研究

采用抽样研究方法,对４３８名不同专业、不同层次的大学生进行了医德认知调查,以了解大学生对医德基本知识掌握的情况,结果表明,大学生对开设医学伦理学课必要性认识均率为６２．９％,课外经常阅读医德书籍均率为２２．７５％,对中外基德发展史各朝代典型的人物及代表作了解的均率为３１．１％,文中对调查结果进行了分析。     

Prevalence and control of arterial hypertension in the south-east of Spain: A radical but still insufficient improvement

Stroke mortality rates in Spain are one of the highest in all of Europe. At the same time, the Murcia region (south-east Spain) shows, for both genders, the highest age-adjusted stroke mortality rates in all of Spain. The earliest available hypertension figure estimations for this area go back to 1981, when a high prevalence combined with an almost nonexistent control was detected. One decade later, updated prevalence estimations of hypertension are presented jointly with their degree of control and their association with other risk factors based on the results of a prevalence survey in a random population sample (n = 3,091). Arterial blood pressure was measured following the MONICA protocol, maintaining a tight quality control on between and within-observer variability. As hypertensive was considered as any person with systolic blood pressure (SBP) 140 mmHg or with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 90 mmHg or with antihypertensive pharmacological treatment. Detected prevalence rises to 32.3% (CI 95%: 29.1%–35.5%) among males and to 23.7% (CI 95%: 21.4%– 26%) among females, maintaining its level regarding figures observed back in 1981. However, its control has been increased, especially among hypertensive women [from less than 5% in 1981 to 35% (95% CI: 32%–37.8%) at present]. Hypertension is strongly associated to hipercholesterolemia, overweight, obesity and diabetes (p < 0.01). On the contrary, it shows an opposite association with current smoking, higher educational level and leisure time physical activity (p < 0.01). The highest educational level was associated with better hypertension treatment and control. In summary, while hypertension prevalence is stabilized in our population, its control has improved in a measurable but still insufficient way. These results are in accordance with a decreasing trend in stroke mortality registered in the Murcia Region along the last decade.