Association of PD-L1 and ZEB-1 expression patterns with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) are immune checkpoint inhibitors that play an important role in the host immune avoidance mechanism of tumors. The relationship between PD-L1 expression and malignancy has been reported in various types of cancer, such as lung and gastric cancer. In addition, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells is deeply involved in the invasion and metastasis of cancer. It has been reported that zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB-1), an EMT inducer, contributes to metastasis in pancreatic and colon cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the expression patterns of two markers, PD-L1 and ZEB-1, and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Biopsy or surgical excision specimens from 169 patients with OSCC were used in the present study. Immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal anti-PD-L1 antibody and anti-ZEB-1 antibody was conducted. Cases with >1% tumor cells positive for PD-L1 and those with >10% tumor cells positive for ZEB-1 were considered positive, respectively. The findings revealed that individual expression of PD-L1 and ZEB-1 in OSCC was not associated with tumor size, degree of differentiation or Yamamoto-Kohama invasion pattern classification. However, co-expression of PD-L1 and ZEB-1 was associated with higher cervical lymph node metastasis and a lower survival rate. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that co-expression of PD-L1 and ZEB-1 could serve as a potential marker for the prognosis of patients with OSCC.     

DAPT抑制妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤Notch信号通路对细胞增殖和EMT影响的研究

目的:探讨Notch信号通路在人妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤发生发展过程中的重要作用,及其与EMT之间的关系。方法:采用γ-分泌酶抑制剂DAPT处理JAR和JEG-3两种人绒毛膜癌细胞株,MTT法检测两种细胞株的增殖情况,q PCR法检测Notch1 mRNA表达。Western blot法检测DAPT阻断Notch信号通路后JAR细胞中EMT相关蛋白E-cad的表达情况。结果:DAPT能抑制JEG-3、JAR细胞生长,10μmol/L和15μmol/L DAPT作用48h开始分别抑制JEG-3和JAR细胞生长(P0.05),且抑制作用呈时间和浓度依赖关系。JEG-3细胞中,1μmol/L和10μmol/L DAPT作用组中Notch1 mRNA表达下调,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);JAR细胞中,10μmol/L和15μmol/L DAPT作用组中Notch1 mRNA表达下调,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。DAPT能上调JAR细胞中E-cad表达。结论:Notch信号通路和EMT与妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤的发生发展有关;γ-分泌酶抑制剂DAPT或可成为妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤治疗的一个新靶点。     

WDR5 facilitates EMT and metastasis of CCA by increasing HIF-1α accumulation in Myc-dependent and independent pathways

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Albuterol sulfate administration by EMT-Basics:: Results of a demonstration project

Objectives

1) To evaluate the ability to train emergency medical technicians-basic (EMT-Bs) to accurately identify bronchospasm and, based on a treatment protocol, administer albuterol sulfate via nebulization as a standing order. 2) To measure the improvement in patient condition after treatment.

Methods

Following approval by the Commissioner of Health and Institutional Review Board, EMS agencies were enrolled to participate in the study and EMT-Bs were trained using a four-hour curriculum. For each patient, a prehospital data collection form was completed including identifying data for the EMT-B, patient assessment, and history information; and pre- and posttreatment assessments and a hospital data collection form were completed including the emergency department physician's diagnosis, assessment of bronchospasm, number of albuterol treatments received in the emergency department, and final disposition of the patient.

Results

During a one-year study period, EMT-Bs treated 190 patients as part of the project. Across all values patients showed a clinical improvement as a result of the therapy. Concurrence in the assessment of bronchospasm by the EMT-B with an emergency department physician was found in 87.4% of the cases. When including allergic reaction, anaphylaxis, bronchiolitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the diagnosis list of bronchospasm, the accuracy rate increased to more than 94%.

Conclusion

This study indicated EMT-Bs were highly successful in their evaluation of bronchospasm. Based on this level of accuracy, the authors suggest that it is safe for emergency medical service systems and medical directors to develop protocols that allow EMT-Bs to administer albuterol via nebulizer for bronchospasm based on their assessment.     

鼻咽癌EMT相关基因的筛选及生物信息学分析

目的 利用生物信息学方法 挖掘鼻咽癌上皮间充质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)发生的潜在分子机制.方法 从公共基因芯片数据库GEO(gene expression omnibus)中寻找并下载鼻咽癌的相关基因芯片数据,并使用Genclip软件对下载的数据进行分析,寻找鼻咽癌公共基因芯片数据中与EMT相关的基因,并用生物信息学方法 对筛选出来的基因作进一步分析.结果 在公共的鼻咽癌芯片数据中找到35个与EMT相关的差异表达基因,这些基因功能大致与细胞组分、细胞粘附、通信、信号转导、分化、运动、迁移以及细胞表面受体相关的信号转导等有关,这些功能往往都被认为与肿瘤的侵袭和转移有关.结论 利用生物信息学的方法 能有效分析基因芯片数据并获取生物内在信息.鼻咽癌EMT是由于多种基因表达改变所致,这为确定鼻咽癌早期转移诊断标志与预后的预示开辟了新的思路.