扶正抗癌汤含药血清调节EMT进程抑制人卵巢癌HO-8910PM细胞转移及侵袭作用的研究

目的 研究扶正抗癌汤含药血清抑制HO-8910PM细胞转移及侵袭的作用及潜在机制.方法 将48只SD大鼠随机分为正常组及扶正抗癌汤低(4.725 g/(kg·d))、中(9.45 g/(kg·d))、高(18.9 g/(kg·d))剂量组,灌胃给药,每天1次,共持续7 d;分离含药血清,用于孵育HO-8910PM细胞....     

人参皂苷Rh2通过Egr-1/TRL4/mTOR信号通路抑制食管癌细胞Eca-109增殖、迁移和EMT

目的:研究人参皂苷Rh2对食管癌细胞Eca-109增殖、迁移和上皮间质转化（epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT）的作用以及作用机制。方法:CCK-8法检测人参皂苷Rh2对食管癌细胞Eca-109增殖的影响;细胞划痕实验检测人参皂苷Rh2对食管癌Eca-109细胞迁移的影响;Western blot检测EMT相关蛋白E-cadherin、Vimentin和Slug的蛋白表达水平。结果:人参皂苷Rh2能够显著抑制Eca-109细胞的增殖,且呈剂量依赖性;此外,人参皂苷Rh2显著抑制E-cadherin、Vimentin和Slug的蛋白表达,并抑制Eca-109细胞迁移;人参皂苷Rh2显著抑制Egr-1、TRL4和mTOR的蛋白表达;进一步的研究结果表明人参皂苷Rh2通过抑制Egr-1/TRL4/mTOR信号通路抑制食管癌细胞Eca-109增殖、迁移和EMT。结论:人参皂苷Rh2能够抑制食管癌细胞Eca-109的增殖、迁移和EMT,其作用机制是通过介导Egr-1/TRL4/mTOR信号通路来实现的。这一结果能够为治疗食管癌的进一步研究提供分子基础。     

慢病毒介导的RNA干扰沉默KIF14表达对结肠癌细胞生长和转移的影响

目的:探讨慢病毒介导RNA干扰沉默KIF14表达对结肠癌SW480细胞生长和转移的影响。方法:采用脂质体法将构建的慢病毒靶向siRNA-KIF14干扰载体转入SW480细胞后,采用RT-PCR和Western blot检测KIF14 mRNA和蛋白的表达,MTT法、流式细胞仪和Transwell小室实验分别检测SW480细胞增殖、凋亡和侵袭,Western blot检测上皮-间质转化相关蛋白N-cadherin、E-cadherin和Vimentin的表达。结果:转染SW480细胞后成功下调KIF14 mRNA和蛋白的表达。与未转染细胞相比,下调KIF14的表达可抑制SW480细胞增殖、侵袭和上皮-间质转化,并促进细胞凋亡（P＜0.05）。结论:下调KIF14表达可抑制结肠癌SW480细胞生长和转移。     

RP11-867G2.8 promotes EMT and chordoma malignant phenotypes by enhancing FUT4 mRNA stability and translation

Chordoma is a rare bone tumor, and the recurrence rate of chordoma is high, the treatment is difficult, and the prognosis is poor. Therefore, it is of great significance to find key target genes for the treatment of chordoma. Microarray was used to analyze the significant gene associated with chordoma. Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect protein and mRNA expression levels of RP11-867G2.8 and FUT4. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay was used to locate the position of RP11-867G2.8 in chordoma cells. MTT assay, colony formation assay, transwell assay and Xenograft Mouse Model were used to clarify the function of RP11-867G2.8 and FUT4. RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA stability assay and polysome profiling analysis were used to clarify the relationship between RP11-867G2.8 and FUT4. We found that RP11-867G2.8 is highly expressed in chordoma tissues and cells, and RP11-867G2.8 overexpression promotes the malignant biological behavior of chordoma cells. RP11-867G2.8 overexpression alters the expression pattern of genes modulating signaling pathway. FUT4 is accumulated in chordoma tissues, and RP11-867G2.8 is antisense RNA of FUT4. RP11-867G2.8 can bind to FUT4 mRNA, increasing FUT4 mRNA stability and facilitating translation of FUT4. RP11-867G2.8 binds to EIF4B and PABPC1, which increases the translation of FUT4. Further studies found that FUT4 silence counteracts the effect of RP11-867G2.8 in vivo and in vitro. Our results suggest that RP11-867G2.8 promotes the development and progression of chordoma by up-regulating the expression of FUT4.     

TYMS-TM4SF4 axis promotes the progression of colorectal cancer by EMT and upregulating stem cell marker

Background: The expression of thymidylate synthase (TYMS) is significantly up-regulated in various cancers and associated with the poor prognosis of patients. However, the role of TYMS in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) is unclear. Methods: Cell function assay, biology information analysis, and RNA sequencing were used to investigate the role of TYMS in the progression of CRC and underlining molecular mechanism. SPSS22.0 statistical software and GraphPad Prism 5 (Graphpad software) were used for statistical analysis. Results: Our results showed that TYMS expression was higher in CRC tissues than that in non-tumor colorectal mucosa tissues. TYMS knockdown inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCT116 and HT29 cells, and the spheroid formation of HCT116 cells. The underling mechanism demonstrated that TYMS promoted the progression of CRC by regulating EMT-related proteins including E-cadherin, Vimentin, MMP-9 and stem cell biomarkers including CD133 and CD44. Furthermore, DEG sequencing showed that TYMS knockdown enriched the pathways of metastasis and metabolism by GO and KEGG analysis. We identified TM4SF4 was the downstream target of TYMS in CRC cells. TM4SF4 overexpression increased migration and invasion of CRC cells by regulating EMT and CD133 expression. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that TYMS-TM4SF4 axis may promote the progression of CRC by EMT and upregulating stem cell markers.     

Transforming growth factor-β during carcinogenesis: the shift from epithelial to mesenchymal signaling

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) activates not only TGF-β type I receptor (TβRI) but also c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), changing unphosphorylated Smad3 to its phosphoisoforms: C-terminally phosphorylated Smad3 (pSmad3C) and linker phosphorylated Smad3 (pSmad3L). While the TβRI/pSmad3C pathway inhibits growth of normal epithelial cells, JNK/pSmad3L-mediated signaling is involved in invasion by activated mesenchymal cells. During sporadic human colorectal carcinogenesis, TGF-β signaling confers a selective advantage on tumor cells by shifting from the TβRI/pSmad3C pathway characteristic of mature epithelial cells to the JNK/pSmad3L pathway, which is more characteristic of the state of flux shown by the activated mesenchymal cells. JNK acts as a regulator of TGF-β signaling by increasing the basal level of pSmad3L available for action in the nuclei of the invasive adenocarcinoma, in the meantime shutting down TGF-β-dependent nuclear activity of pSmad3C. Loss of epithelial homeostasis and acquisition of a migratory, mesenchymal phenotype are essential for tumor invasion. From the viewpoint of TGF-β signaling, a key therapeutic aim in cancer would be restoration of the lost tumor suppressor function observed in normal colorectal epithelial cells at the expense of effects promoting aggressive behavior of the adenocarcinoma. Specific inhibitors of the JNK/pSmad3L pathway might prove useful in this respect. In the case of molecularly targeted therapy for human cancer, pSmad3L and pSmad3C could be assessed as biomarkers to evaluate the likely benefit from specific inhibition of the JNK/pSmad3L pathway.