不同规格沙美特罗/替卡松粉吸入剂治疗Ⅲ～Ⅳ级COPD患者的疗效观察

目的：对比研究吸入不同规格沙美特罗/替卡松粉吸入剂（舒利迭）对稳定期Ⅲ～Ⅳ级慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）的临床疗效。方法：将本院56例Ⅲ～Ⅳ级稳定期COPD患者随机分成A、B两组,分别吸入沙美特罗/替卡松粉50μg/250μg及沙美特罗/替卡松粉50μg/500μg,根据圣.乔治（St.George）呼吸疾病问卷（SGRQ）的方法对临床症状问卷调查及体征检查评分,测定肺功能指标FEV1、FEV1/FVC及FEV1占预计值的百分率（%）,评价治疗前后及两组间圣.乔治问卷评分及肺功能的变化。结果：与使用沙美特罗/替卡松粉吸入剂前常规治疗对比,两组患者圣.乔治问卷评分及上述肺功能指标均获得了显著改善（P〈0.01）,而B组改善更为明显。结论：沙美特罗/替卡松粉吸入剂是治疗COPD的有效的药物,相对而言50μg/500μg规格组疗效更佳。     

盐酸氮卓斯汀与丙酸氟替卡松喷鼻剂治疗变应性鼻炎临床对比观察

目的观察并比较盐酸氮卓斯汀与丙酸氟替卡松喷鼻剂在治疗变应性鼻炎中的效果。方法 146例变应性鼻炎患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组应用盐酸氮卓斯汀喷鼻剂,对照组应用丙酸氟替卡松喷鼻剂(辅舒良),比较两组疗效及不良反应。结果两组治疗效果比较差异无统计学意义。但观察组起效快、不良反应明显少于对照组。结论对于常年性变应性鼻炎的治疗,应首选盐酸氮卓斯汀,该药起效快、安全有效,值得临床推广应用。     

丙酸氟替卡松鼻喷雾剂辅治急性分泌性中耳炎的疗效观察

目的观察丙酸氟替卡松鼻喷雾剂辅治急性分泌性中耳炎的临床疗效。方法将72例急性分泌性中耳炎患者随机分为治疗组36例（39耳）和对照组36例（40耳）。对照组予常规治疗,治疗组加用丙酸氟替卡松鼻喷雾剂治疗,观察治疗7d、14d时2组治疗效果。结果治疗7d、14d后,治疗组治愈率和总有效率均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论丙酸氟替卡松鼻喷雾剂辅治急性分泌性中耳炎疗效显著,值得临床推广应用。     

沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂引起皮疹的分析与思考

1例7岁女童,诊断为支气管哮喘,应用沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂3 d后出现全身皮疹,既往无药物过敏史,之后检查过敏原发现牛奶过敏为4级,最终判断为沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂中的辅料乳糖引起的过敏反应。     

沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂治疗尘肺并发慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的疗效观察

目的：观察沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂对尘肺并发慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期（AECOPD）的疗效。方法：选取73例尘肺并发AECOPD患者,以随机抽样法分为对照组（35例）和观察组（38例）,2组患者均接受吸氧、抗炎、止咳等常规治疗,在此基础上,对照组使用氨茶碱,观察组使用沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂解痉止喘。3个月后,观察患者临床症状改善情况,检测患者肺功能、动脉血气分析。结果：治疗后观察组患者总有效率（35/38,92.1%）显著高于对照组（25/35,71.4%）,P〈0.01;治疗后观察组患者肺功能及血气分析指标均明显优于对照组（P〈0.05、P〈0.01）,且未见不良反应发生。结论：沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂是治疗尘肺并发AECOPD安全、有效的药物,可改善患者的生存质量。     

Reducing the Risk of Mortality in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease With Pharmacotherapy: A Narrative Review

In 2020, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was the fifth leading cause of death in the United States excluding COVID-19, and its mortality burden has been rising since the 1980s. Smoking cessation, long-term oxygen therapy, noninvasive ventilation, and lung volume reduction surgery have had a beneficial effect on mortality; however, until recently, the effects of pharmacologic therapies on all-cause mortality have been unclear. Inhaled pharmacologic treatments for patients with COPD include combinations of long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonists (LAMAs), long-acting-β_2-agonists (LABAs), and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). The recent IMPACT and ETHOS clinical trials reported mortality benefits with ICS/LAMA/LABA triple therapy compared with LAMA/LABA dual therapy. In IMPACT, fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol therapy significantly reduced the risk of on-/off-treatment all-cause mortality vs umeclidinium/vilanterol (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.99; P=.042). The ETHOS trial found a reduction in the risk of on-/off-treatment all-cause mortality in patients treated with budesonide/glycopyrrolate/formoterol vs glycopyrrolate/formoterol (hazard ratio, 0.51 [0.33 to 0.80]; nominal P=.0035). Both trials included populations of patients with symptomatic COPD at high risk of future exacerbations, and a post hoc analysis of the final retrieved vital status data suggested that the observed mortality benefits are conferred by the ICS component. In conclusion, triple therapy reduces the risk of mortality in patients with symptomatic COPD characterized by moderate or severe airflow obstruction and a recent history of moderate or severe exacerbations. This benefit is likely to be driven by reductions in exacerbations. Future research efforts should focus on improving the long-term prognosis of patients living with COPD.