蓖麻毒素及其SPDP修饰物对小鼠肝脏GSH含量的影响

目的：观察麻毒素（ＲＴ）修饰前后对小鼠肝脏毒性的影响。方法：ＲＴ用３－（２－吡啶二巯基）丙酸Ｎ－羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯中（ＳＰＤＰ）－－一种异型双功能交联剂,进行化学修饰,自下而上的ＳＰＤＰ衍生物（ＰＤＰ－Ｒ）,测定两者在不同剂量和时间对小鼠肝脏还原型谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）含量的影响,以比较两者的毒性差别,结果：随着中毒剂量的增加和时间的延长,两者与可使小鼠肝脏ＧＳＨ含量下降,但ＲＴ组下降程度较ＰＤＰ－Ｒ     

Comparison of once daily fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray with once daily budesonide reservoir powder device in patients with perennial rhinitis

BACKGROUND: Previous studies comparing the corticosteroids fluticasone propionate (FP) and budesonide (BUD) in both perennial and seasonal rhinitis have shown no consistent difference between treatments. However, the therapeutic outcomes may have been influenced by study design. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of FP aqueous nasal spray (ANS; 200 microg/day) with BUD reservoir powder device (RPD; 200 microg/day) on rhinitis symptoms, productivity loss and device preference in patients with perennial rhinitis. METHODS: After a 2-week run-in period, 440 patients were randomized to receive either FPANS, BUD RPD or matched placebo (ANS or RPD) for 8 weeks, followed by an open-label 4-week follow-up treatment with FPANS. Patients completed diary card visual analogue scores for nasal symptoms, and questionnaires on satisfaction with the treatment and preferred choice of device. RESULTS: During weeks 1-4, the visual analogue total nasal symptom scores (VATNS) in the FPANS group were significantly lower than scores in the BUD RPD group (mean difference = -17.8; 95% CI = -34.4, -1.3; P = 0.036). FPANS also significantly reduced the VATNS compared with the ANS placebo at all time-points assessed (P < or = 0.005). BUD RPD did not significantly differ from the RPD placebo at weeks 5-8 (P = 0.167), or the ANS placebo at any time-point (P < or = 0.151). Over the 8-week treatment period FPANS was significantly more effective than BUD RPD at reducing sneezing (mean difference = -4.4; 95% CI = -8.6, -0.3; P = 0.036) and nasal itching (mean difference = -5.3; 95% CI = -9.9, -0.8; P = 0.022), and was significantly superior to the ANS placebo for all symptoms assessed at weeks 1-4 and 1-8 (P < 0.016). At the same time-points BUD RPD was no better at alleviating nasal itching than the RPD placebo (P < or = 0.306), and compared with the ANS placebo, significantly reduced only one symptom; nasal blockage (P < or = 0.016). After 8 weeks of treatment, patients preferred the ANS device to the RPD (P < 0.001), and at 12 weeks a significantly greater number of patients were satisfied with FPANS treatment compared with BUD RPD (P = 0.0019) or the respective placebos (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: FPANS and BUD RPD are effective therapies with a good safety profile for the treatment of perennial rhinitis but, in this direct placebo-controlled comparison, FPANS was more efficacious than BUD RPD, and the patients preferred the ANS device to the RPD.     

Allergic contact dermatitis from a perinone-type dye C.I. Solvent Orange 60 in spectacle frames

This is the 1st case report of allergic contact dermatitis from a perinone-type plastic dye, C.I. Solvent Orange 60, used in the earpieces of spectacle frames. Sensitization of this dye was confirmed by patch tests and chemical analysis of the causative earpieces and coloring agents. Solvent Orange 60 is suspected of being the contact allergen in at least 2 other Japanese cases of spectacle earpiece dermatitis, and provoked strong reactions on sensitized individuals. Its use in products that are applied on human skin for a prolonged period of time, such as spectacle frames or hearing aids, would best be avoided.     

Effects of nebulized corticosteroids therapy on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in young children with recurrent or persistent wheeze

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are preferred drugs for the long-term treatment of all severities of asthma in children. However, data about the safety of ICS in infants is lacking. So, it is essential to do further clinical studies to examine the safety and efficacy of ICS in this population. In this study, the effects of nebulized budesonide and nebulized fluticasone propionate suspensions on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis is examined in infants with recurrent or persistent wheeze. Thirty-one children aged 6–24 months admitted to our hospital between January and December 2005 with symptoms of recurrent or persistent wheeze were included in the study. The patients were randomly allocated to receive 0.25 mg BUD or 0.25 mg fluticasone propionate twice daily for 6 wk and half dose for another 6 wk with a jet nebulizer at home. Blood samples for basal cortisol concentration, adrenocarticotropic hormone, glucose, HbA1c and electrolytes were obtained at the beginning and at the end of the study. Adrenal function assessment was based on changes in cosyntropin-stimulated plasma cortisol levels. The study was completed with 31 patients, 16 of whom received BUD and 15 FP. All patients except one had plasma cortisol concentrations above 500 nmol/l (18 μg/dl) or had an incremental rise in cortisol of >200 nmol/l after stimulation. Although nebulized steroids seem to be safe in infancy, we recommend that adrenal functions should be tested periodically during long-term treatment with nebulized steroids.     

萘普生的重排法合成

采用碘为重排试剂,使丙酰萘甲醚在原甲酸三乙酯的存在下进行1,2-芳基迁移重排成2-(6-甲氧基-2-萘基)丙酸乙醇,继而碱水解制得dl一萘普生。反应条件温和。总收率57％(以萘甲醚计)。     

Efficacy and safety of salmeterol/fluticasone propionate delivered via a hydrofluoroalkane metered dose inhaler in Chinese patients with moderate asthma poorly controlled with inhaled corticosteroids

A randomised, open-label, multicentre study compared the efficacy and tolerability of salmeterol 25 microg/fluticasone propionate 125 microg (two puffs, twice daily) delivered via a hydrofluoroalkane metered-dose inhaler (HFA-MDI) and salmeterol 50microg/fluticasone propionate 250 microg (one puff, twice daily) delivered via a Diskus inhaler in Chinese patients with moderate asthma uncontrolled with inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs). Morning peak expiratory flow (PEF) was the primary efficacy endpoint. Secondary endpoints included evening PEF, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, day and night symptom scores, rescue medication and patient self-evaluation of efficacy. Safety was assessed according to adverse events recorded. Both treatments were equipotent and significantly improved morning PEF (HFA-MDI 40 l/min; Diskus 42 l/min; p < 0.05) and all secondary endpoints (p < 0.05) from baseline, over 1-4 weeks. Similarly, both treatments were well tolerated. Salmeterol/fluticasone propionate delivered via an HFA-MDI or Diskus inhaler provides a choice of efficacious delivery systems in Chinese patients whose asthma is poorly controlled on ICSs alone.     

生理剂量睾酮通过雄激素受体改善小鼠行为学能力的研究

目的 探讨生理剂量的雄激素对小鼠行为学的影响及其机制.方法 29只4 w龄的C57BL/6J雄鼠分为正常组、去势组、去势+丙酸睾酮(TP)组,16只4 w龄的不表达有活性雄激素受体(AR)的睾丸女性化(tfm)雄鼠分为tfm组、tfm+TP组,造模3个月后对各组小鼠进行自主活动能力、避暗穿梭实验和水迷宫实验测定,最后由Nissl染色观测海马区的细胞形态学变化.结果 各项行为学检测及大脑海马区Nissl染色结果均一致,正常组、去势+TP组小鼠的各项指标结果皆显著优于去势组、tfm组和tfm+TP组小鼠,而去势组、tfm组和tfm+TP组之间未见统计学差异.结论 雄激素通过AR途径维持大脑海马区的正常形态来改善小鼠的自主活动能力、学习记忆能力.     

沙美特罗/丙酸氟替卡松联合异丙托溴铵吸入治疗重度COPD的临床研究

目的：研究沙美特罗/丙酸氟替卡松联合异丙托溴铵吸入治疗重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）稳定期患者的临床疗效。方法：随机抽取80例COPD患者分为观察组和对照组,观察组给予沙美特罗/丙酸氟替卡松合并异丙托溴铵吸入治疗,对照组给予沙美特罗/丙酸氟替卡松治疗。分别对两组患者治疗前后的情况进行比较。结果：两组治疗后SGRQ积分均较治疗前有明显下降,但观察组下降更明显。两组治疗后的肺功能、血气等指标均有不同程度的改善,但观察组肺功能指标优于对照组。结论：联合用药治疗COPD稳定期患者具有较好的疗效,能够明显地改善COPD患者的血气和肺功能,良好地控制COPD的发展。     

益母草总碱对小鼠前列腺增生模型的影响

目的:探讨益母草总碱对小鼠前列腺增生模型的影响。方法:昆明种雄性小鼠连续3周sc丙酸睾酮5 mg.kg-1.d-1,造前列腺增生模型,将模型小鼠分为5组,分别ig 160,80,40 mg.kg-1的益母草总碱液,450 mg.kg-1癃闭舒胶囊混悬液和同体积的生理盐水,另设一组空白组给同体积生理盐水;每天给药1次,连续给药30 d。末次给药1 h后处死小鼠,观察益母草总碱对前列腺指数,对前列腺、睾丸、附睾、胸腺、脾脏组织形态的影响。结果:与前列腺增生模型组比,益母草总碱160,80,40mg.kg-1可显著降低前列腺增生模型小鼠前列腺指数,前列腺指数分别为(0.53±0.14),(0.51±0.11),(0.64±0.18)mg.g-1;可显著减改善前列腺增生伴发的睾丸、附睾病变;益母草总碱160,80,40 mg.kg-1可显著改善前列腺增生伴发的胸腺、脾脏萎缩,胸腺皮质厚度及淋巴细胞数分别为(24.16±2.22),(26.28±3.20),(26.32±3.31)μm及(60.3±4.5),(68.2±5.2),(53.3±4.2)个,脾小结及淋巴细胞数分别为(14.18±2.32),(16.14±3.04),(29.26±3.52)μm及(17.2±2.0),(15.3±3.1),(28.3±3.4)个。结论:益母草总碱对丙酸睾酮所致的小鼠前列腺增生模型有好的治疗作用。