小儿先天性心脏病数据库系统的建立及应用

目的为初步建立国内小儿先天性心脏病(先心病)的诊断及治疗标准,提高数据统计效率,探索构建先天性心脏病数据库系统(congenital heart disease database project,CHDDP)。方法采用Egrid.NeT建立CHDDP,将2006年度2051例次先心病手术(含188例普胸手术)进行统计分析,对比国际知名先天性心脏病数据库系统,结合我国实际情况,对小儿先天性心脏病及常见胸部疾病进行归纳整理。结果CHDDP大大提高了小儿先天性心脏病临床工作效率,同时也可高效地对数据进行统计分析。目前CHDDP已在国内数家先心病治疗单位开始推广,获得一定好评。结论建立CHDDP有助于对国内小儿先心病诊断治疗标准进行统一,加强多中心协作,对于推动我国小儿先心病治疗水平的提高具有重要意义。     

幼年型强直性脊柱炎5例诊治分析

幼年型强直性脊柱炎（Juvenile ankylosing spondylitis）不同于成人型强直性脊柱炎的脊柱椎间盘、纤维环韧带骨化融合和骶髂关节破坏,而主要表现为髋膝等外周大关节不对称性破坏所致的反复发作性肿痛,而腰背部及骶髂关节痛不明显。     

Vitamin a cost-effectiveness model

To assist in the selection of a preferable vitamin A deficiency control policy, a model has been developed to organize information on program costs and program-related effects. The model was designed to compare three approaches: (1) diet modification; (2) fortification of processed foods; and (3) periodic large doses. Health effects projected are rates of specific eye pathologies associated with vitamin A deficiency (xerophthalmia), and mortalities within age cohorts. Effectiveness is calculated as a function of coverage, biological efficacy, and incidence of vitamin A deficiency. The model was applied to data from the Province of West Java in Indonesia. The results of this application suggest that funding level considerations are an important factor in selecting a preferred control strategy. In addition to determining the relative resource requirements of alternative interventions aimed at reducing the morbidity and mortality effects of vitamin A deficiencies, the model, using marginal cost and marginal effectiveness information, can serve as a guide to the most efficient allocation of resources for each type of intervention.     

对比因素对儿童分辨物体细节能力的影响

目的观察对比因素对儿童分辨物体细节能力的影响,了解儿童对比视力的状况。方法使用对比视力表,测量53名裸眼视力≥5.0的正常儿童92%,52%,30%对比水平处的对比视力。结果儿童的对比视力随对比度的降低而显著下降,对比度与视力之间存在显著相关;左、右眼的对比视力差异无统计学意义;男性和女性的对比视力差异无统计学意义。结论低对比的学习环境会增加儿童视觉负荷,在防治学生近视过程中应引起重视。     

丙硫咪唑治疗儿童华支睾吸虫及蛲虫感染的疗效观察

62例感染华支睾吸虫儿童应用丙硫咪唑治疗,每日400mg连服3或5日,停药1个月、3个月后复查,20例连服3日和42例连服5日的受染儿童,大便华支睾吸虫卵阴转率分别为55.O%和90.5%。140例感染蛲虫的幼儿园儿童用两种单剂丙硫咪唑进行驱虫,经3次肛拭复查,25例服200mg和115例服100mg的蛲虫卵阴转率依次为96.0%和92.2%。药物反应轻微。     

Caustic burns of the upper digestive and respiratory tracts

In a series of 51 children presenting with an accidental caustic burn, symptoms were analysed for their predictive value of significant i.e. necrotizing oesophageal lesions (grade II or III). For the whole group, the incidence of significant oesophageal lesions was 37%. Vomiting and/or respiratory distress were associated with high incidence of significant oesophageal burn (84% and 75% respectively). The particular location of each caustic burn was analysed for its association with caustic burns at other anatomical sites. Of the 18 patients with a laryngeal burn, 72% also had a grade II or III oesophageal burn. The 19 patients with a grade II or III oesophageal burn and the 18 patients with a laryngeal burn, all had lesions at other sites. In the group of 19 patients with a caustic lesion limited to one site, only 1 patient showed mild oesophagitis (grade I) without late sequelae.     

Pemberton手术为主多种辅助手段治疗大龄儿童先天性髋脱位

目的　应用Pemberton手术为主多种辅助手段治疗大龄儿童先天性髋脱位 ,从而降低术后髋关节脱位、僵硬和股骨头坏死发生率。方法　自 1989年 8月 - 1999年 8月 ,用Pemberton手术为主多种辅助手段治疗大龄儿童 (7～ 14岁 )先天性髋脱位 4 6例 (5 8髋 ) ,随访 2～ 9年 ,平均 5年 3个月。辅助手段包括 :①髂腰肌及内收肌切断 ,股骨髁上骨牵引 ;②股骨粗隆下旋转加短缩截骨 ;③单髋人字石膏制动 ;④髋关节早活动 ,晚负重 ;⑤术后被动活动髋关节加主动功能锻炼。结果　髋关节完全复位率10 0 % ,髋关节屈曲小于 90°者 4髋 ,占 6 9% ,按Salter提出的股骨头坏死诊断标准 4 6例 (5 8髋 )中 ,股骨头坏死 6髋 ,占 10 3% ,明显降低了大龄儿童先天性髋脱位术后髋关节僵硬、股骨头坏死率。结论　Pemberton手术为主多种辅助手段治疗大龄儿童先天性髋脱位疗效确切 ,优良率高。     

Percutaneous transcatheter occlusion of coronary artery fistulas using detachable balloons

Three pediatric patients underwent successful transcatheter coronary artery fistula occlusion using the Debrun system. This latex balloon system offers several advantages over other occlusion systems. First, the balloon delivery and release is controlled. Second, “test occlusions” can be performed that allow simultaneous balloon inflation, coronary cineangiography, and electrocardiographic monitoring. Third, because the balloons are flow-directed, they are easily positioned in properly chosen locations. Finally, the balloons can be constructed to suit the size of the fistula. In this study, two patients received only one balloon; in the other patient two balloons were placed in the same fistula. All fistulas drained into either the right atrium or ventricle and were successfully occluded. After a follow-up period of up to 3 years, no local or systemic reactions to the balloons were recognized. We conclude that detachable balloon occlusion of coronary artery fistulas is a safe, effective alternative to surgical ligation in selected pediatric patients.     

婴幼儿良性颅内压增高症78例诊治分析

目的 :探讨婴幼儿良性颅内压增高症的促发因素及治疗。方法 :对 78例婴幼儿良性颅内压增高症患儿的临床资料进行分析。结果 :在促发因素中 ,发热性疾病或呼吸道感染占 41 .0 % ,药物因素占 34.6% ,中耳炎占 5 .1 %。反映感染性疾病和药物是诱发婴幼儿良性颅内压增高的重要因素 ,中耳炎所占比例下降 ;全部病例经积极治疗基础疾病 ,用甘露醇及地塞米松降颅压均全部痊愈。结论 :婴幼儿良性颅内压增高症呈良性预后 ,临床医生在小儿用药上要重视药物的剂量及不良反应。