The cause of child abuse and neglect and their effects on the development of children in Samaru Zaria, Nigeria

Every child despite his individual differences and uniqueness is to be considered of equal worth. He should therefore be entitled to equal social, economic, civil and political rights, so that he may fully realise his inherent potential and share equally in life (Gill, 1979).

Obviously, these values are rooted in the humanistic philosophy of any nation's declaration of independence. In accordance with these value premises therefore “any act of commission or ommission by individuals, institutions or the society as a whole, and any conditions which deprive children of equal rights and liberties and interfere with their optimal development, constitutes by definition abuse or neglectful acts or conditions” (Gill, 1979).

Child abuse is a significant contemporary community problem. Although children have been maltreated throughout history, our community has been silent in defence of abused children. Child abuse is not a phenomenon of the 20th Century nor is it unique to our society and culture alone. It has occurred throughout the recorded history of man. The future of any nation depends on its children and their capabilities. For this reason, they must be given a full chance.     

西安市2～3岁儿童的气质结构探讨

本文采用幼儿气质问卷(TTS)对233名2～3岁入托儿童的气质结构进行了研究。结果显示:该年龄组不同性别儿童的气质结构无明显差异;本组儿童的主要气质类型为中间偏易型(I一E),其次为容易抚育型(E);同西方(美国纽约)儿童比较,我国儿童的气质结构有一定特征。     

妇幼保健院医疗设备配置的思考和探讨

妇幼保健院运营的模式,服务的对象都有别于综合性医院。通过对设备使用效益的调查、分析,提出妇幼保健院医疗设备的配置,应符合本院的特点。配置应遵循:适用性、特色性、经济性、先进性,不可盲目求新、求全,避免设备使用的低效益。     

MODS患儿血清磷酯酶A2的变化及意义

目的：探讨磷酯酶A2（PLA2）在多脏器功能障碍综合征（MODS）患儿中的作用及意义。方法：结合危重病例评分，采用ELISA法检测26例MODS患儿血清PLA2含量，并与健康体检儿童20例对照。结果：多脏器功能障碍综合征患儿血清PLA2含量明显高于正常对照组，P＜0．01，并与危重病例评分成正相关。结论：PLA2参与MODS的病理生理过程，与危重病的病情有关，并可作为早期预警多脏器功能障碍综合征的实验参数。     

学习不良儿童的智力、行为及非智力因素的对照研究

选用《ＦＡＴ》筛选出学习不良儿童４１名，学习优秀儿童３５名。对二组儿童进行ｗｉｃｓ-Ｒ智力测试：不良组儿童ＩＱ低于优秀组儿童（Ｐ＜０．０５），但不良组ＩＱ＞１２０有６名（１４．６０％），优秀组ＩＱ＜９０有５名（１４．５０％）。父母教育方法调查结果表明：优秀组父母偏重意志、兴趣培养，不良组父母着重成绩或者放任，二组父母教育方式存在显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。优秀组儿童在学习中比不良组儿童具有较强的非智力个性心理因素（Ｐ＜０．０５）。《ＣＢＣＬ》儿童行为量表测验结果提示：学习不良儿童比优秀儿童行为问题较为突出（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

MRI诊断儿童脑白质病变的初步探讨

目的 :初步探讨 MRI诊断儿童脑白质病变的作用和特异征象。方法 :对 MRI诊断为脑白质病变的病例 4 8例进行观察 ,分析病灶的 MRI征象 ,包括病灶出现的部位、形态、范围及其他合并表现。结果 :1病灶发生的部位 ,多位于双侧侧脑室三角部周围的白质内 ,依次为侧脑室前角周围、半卵圆中心 ,偶见于基底节区等。2形态 :多为小斑片状 ,亦有点线状、小点状。 3范围 :以侧脑室三角部周围白质内发生多见 ,常同时出现于多个部位。 4时常伴有其他合并征象 ,如 ,胼胝体发育不良、畸形或脑室扩大等。结论 :MRI扩展了对儿童脑白质病变的认识 ,是一种较好的手段     

精神科儿少住院患者的42年资料回顾

目的了解从1958年8月本院正式成立儿童精神科以来,42年中儿童住院病人的情况,以掌握及了解儿童和少年精神障碍的发展趋势。方法从1958年8月到2000年9月之间住院的所有病人的病历共1327份,逐一记载所需资料内容,并将所有资料进行分析。结果患儿年龄主要集中在13—14岁,并涉及3—16岁各年龄段。以儿童和少年期最多,文化程度以初中和小学居多。在早期,精神障碍诊断不规范,90年代后,诊断趋于标准化,位于前五位的诊断是：精神分裂症、精神发育迟滞、脑器质性精神障碍、情感性精神障碍、行为障碍。90年代以来,每年住院儿童病人数量均呈增长趋势。结论在住院期间,儿童少年病人既要接受治疗,又需进行儿童间交友训练,而在成人精神科病房,在这一点上不能满足住院患儿的需要,不利于儿童和少年的综合治疗,所以在我院开设儿童青少年病房有重要的意义。     

Experience with the International League Against Epilepsy Classifications of Epileptic Seizures (1981) and Epilepsies and Epileptic Syndrome (1989) in Epileptic Children in a Developing Country

Four hundred eighty-three epileptic children attending the Pediatric Epilepsy Clinic at Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Bombay, India were classified according to the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification of epileptic seizures (1981) and epilepsies and epileptic syndromes (1989). The predominant seizures were partial (53.6), generalized (40.3%), and unclassifiable (6%). In epilepsies and epileptic syndromes, 55.3% were partial, 27% were generalized, 13.5% were undetermined, and 4.1% were special syndromes. Although our results were similar in many respects to those of other reported series, some differences were observed in the incidence of partial and generalized seizures, and partial and generalized epileptic syndromes and their subgroups, such as idiopathic, symptomatic, and cryptogenic partial syndromes, idiopathic generalized syndromes, and symptomatic specific syndromes. These differences are probably due to different age limits, methods of case ascertainment and inclusion criteria, different genetic and environmental factors, variable interpretation of clinical and EEG features, and lack of facilities for investigation in developing countries. Despite various limitations, we were able to classify most cases; the ILAE classification can be used in developing countries so that comparison can be made with other studies.     

Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in Pediatric Trauma

Abstract Background and Purpose: The radiologic evaluation of musculoskeletal injuries in young children is difficult due to the absent ossification of several secondary ossification centers, which therefore cannot be seen directly on plain radiographs. When relying on conventional radiographs, even severe cartilaginous or soft tissue injuries cannot be visualized, as there is no possibility to differentiate them from bruises or sprains. It is the aim of this review to present clinically relevant applications of ultrasound imaging in pediatric musculoskeletal trauma. Methods: Currently used ultrasound techniques for evaluation of typical pediatric fractures or joint dislocations, techniques for differentiation between stable and unstable intraarticular fractures, the use of sonography for monitoring reduced bone length in long bones after fracture, sonographic guidelines for evaluation of tendon injuries or lesions, and sonographic imaging techniques in arthritis and osteomyelitis are described. Conclusion: Musculoskeletal sonography—despite its inability to view through intact cortical bone and its accuracy being dependent on skill and experience of the investigator—provides important information about soft tissue, bony or cartilaginous injuries in children.