部分性脾栓塞术的临床应用：——附37例报告

应用部分脾栓塞术(PSE)治疗难治性原发性血小板减少性紫癜27例,血栓性血小板减少性紫癜1例;难治性再生障碍性贫血2例;Evan's 综合症2例;系统性红斑狼疮合并血小板减少性紫癜2例;继发性脾亢3例.获完全缓解者24例(64.9%);部分缓解者8例(21.6%),总有效率为86.S%.24例获完全缓解者18例追踪1年,6例复发,复发率为33.3%.与25例切脾对照组及文献报道比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05).本文对 PSE 术后外周血小板的变化进行讨论,并与脾切除作了对比。本文还对血小板破坏场、栓塞范围和方法等影响疗效的因素进行了探讨.作者认为 PSE 术可作为脾切除的替代术.     

灌注固定和浸润固定制作肾纤维化模型积水肾标本效果比较

目的 比较灌注固定和浸润固定制作肾纤维化模型积水肾标本的效果.方法 单侧输尿管结扎法成功制作小鼠肾纤维化模型后,分别采用灌注固定及浸润固定制作肾标本,HE染色观察肾组织病理学改变.结果与结论 浸润固定法制作的肾脏标本组织器官的结构更加清晰,能较好地显示早期肾纤维化的病理改变,是值得推广的动物实验技术.     

脂质体生存素反义寡核苷酸抑制胃癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤生长的作用

目的探讨脂质体生存素反义寡核苷酸(ASODN)对人胃癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤生长的抑制作用及机理。方法将24只裸鼠建立人胃癌细胞系HS-746T皮下移植瘤模型,用不同的转染液处理后随机分成6组：空白对照组,脂质体组,正义链组,100、200和400nmol／L反义链组(ASODN组)。于注射相应试剂后2,4,8,12,16,20d观测裸鼠移植瘤体积,计算抑瘤率和肿瘤缩小率,观察移植瘤细胞形态变化,免疫组化SP法检测生存素的表达,并用逆转录聚合酶链反应技术(RT—PCR)和Western blot蛋白免疫印迹法比较治疗后不同时间各组肿瘤组织中生存素mRNA和蛋白表达的变化。结果注射后20d空白组、脂质体组和正义链组裸鼠的抑瘤率无明显差异,而ASODN组移植瘤的体积随着时间和浓度的增加而减小,肿瘤缩小率则增大,抑瘤率均大于对照组,400nmol／LASODN组抑瘤率最大为93％。光镜下见ASODN组移植瘤凋亡细胞数增多,生存素表达减弱,6例(6／12)肿瘤组织有坏死液化灶。各ASODN组均能够下调移植瘤细胞生存素mRNA含量,抑制生存素蛋白表达,注射20d后400nmol／L ASODN组蛋白表达为空白对照组的36．8％。结论生存素基因反义寡核苷酸能够通过诱导人胃癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤细胞凋亡,下调生存素mRNA和蛋白的表达,抑制裸鼠皮下移植瘤的生长。     

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目的探讨高龄结、直肠癌病人并存病的围手术期处理。方法回顾性分析1996年1月至2000年7月间收治65例70岁以上有并存病的结、直肠癌病人的外科治疗？结果并存心脏病40例，高血压17例，糖尿病13例，呼吸系统疾病13例，贫血26例，低蛋白血症41例。术后并发症有肠瘘2例，伤口裂开2例、伤口感染8例，肺部感染3例，心功能不全1例。围手术期死亡2例。结论虽然并存病增加了手术风险，但术前全面了解病情，加强并存病的围手术期处理可大大提高手术成功率，降低手术死亡率和并发症发生率。     

联合生物标志物检测在慢性肾脏疾病中的临床研究

目的 探讨尿微量白蛋白（mALB）、尿β2-微球蛋白（β2-MG）、尿视黄醇结合蛋白（RBP）、尿转铁蛋白（TRF）、尿半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C（Cystatin C）及尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）在慢性肾脏疾病中的临床研究及诊断价值.方法 选择2012年8月～2013年1月在本院住院的慢性肾脏病患者121例为病例组,健康体检者60例为对照组.尿mALB、β2-MG、RBP、TRF及Cystatin C采用酶联免疫吸附法检测,尿NAG采用对硝基苯酚（PNP）比色法检测,并对两组检测结果进行比较及统计学分析,以受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线及曲线下面积（AUC）评价各项标志物单—及联合应用时在慢性肾脏疾病中的诊断价值.结果 病例组中121例患者的尿液生物标志物测定含量明显高于对照组.通过ROC曲线、诊断试验结果显示：病例组中尿mALb、TRF、Cystatin C、NAG、RBP及β2-MG的敏感性显著高于血肌酐（Scr）和血尿素氮（BUN）.尿mALb、TRF、Cystatin C、NAG、RBP及β2-MG的曲线下面积分别为：0.988、0.984、0.974、0.947、0.915、0.897,95％可信区间分别是0.973—1.000、0.963～1.000、0.956 ～0.992、0.910～0.984、0.877～0.954、0.851 ～0.944,联合这6种尿液标志物得到的曲线下面积为0.990,95％可信区间是0.976 ～0.998,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.001）.结论 病例组中各项尿液标志物的敏感性明显高于Scr和BUN,可以作为慢性肾脏病的诊断标志物.尿nALb、TRF、Cystatin C及NAG的曲线下面积最大,尿RBP和β2-MG也显示了较好的诊断价值.联合应用尿液标志物可以更好地预测临床上急性和慢性肾脏损害的发生,对预防慢性肾脏病的发展具有重要的临床价值.     

急性脑梗死患者miR-210的表达及意义

目的探讨急性脑梗死(ACI)患者血清中缺氧激活因子微小RNA-210(miR-210)的表达情况及临床意义。方法选取2013-01—2015-01在我院治疗的ACI患者122例(ACI组),同时选择同期健康体检人群80例为对照组,采用反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测血清miR-210表达水平。结果 ACI组miR-210表达量为(1.24±0.07)2~(-△△Ct),明显低于对照组的(2.02±0.11)2~(-△△Ct),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);男女ACI患者血清miR-210表达比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);≤60岁和60岁ACI患者血清miR-210表达比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);重度ACI患者血清miR-210表达为(1.10±0.08)2~(-△△Ct),明显低于轻度和中度患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);中度ACI患者血清miR-210表达为(1.29±0.10)2~(-△△Ct),低于轻度患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);miR-210对ACI的ROC曲线下面积为0.961,95%CI为0.926~0.996,截断值为(1.378)2~(-△△Ct),时,灵敏度为91.30%,特异度为97.54%。结论急性脑梗死患者血清中miR-210表达减弱,且与急性脑梗死严重程度有关,可作为急性脑梗死的诊断依据。     

Substantia nigra echogenicity correlated with clinical features of Parkinson's disease

BackgroundTranscranial sonography can display structural alterations in the substantia nigra (SN) of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and is considered to be a potential useful tool for the diagnosis of PD. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between SN echogenicity and clinical features in Chinese patients with PD.MethodsA total of 420 subjects including 290 patients with PD and 130 controls were recruited from the neurological clinic or the community. Transcranial sonographic evaluations of the SN were performed in all subjects, and motor and non-motor symptoms were thoroughly assessed by a series of rating scales in PD patients.ResultsTwo hundred and one patients were successfully assessed by transcranial sonography. SN hyperechogenicity was found to be associated with male sex (p = 0.004), higher scores on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part II (p = 0.001) and autonomic symptoms scores (p = 0.003). Moreover, regression analysis revealed that UPDRS part II scores (odds ratio = 1.141, p < 0.001) and gender (odds ratio = 2.409, p = 0.007) could be the independent predictors for SN hyperechogenicity; in addition, among all items of UPDRS part II, speech, dressing, hygiene, and turning in bed and adjusting bed clothes significantly correlated with SN hyperechogenicity.ConclusionsThis is the first report suggesting the correlation between SN echogenicity and UPDRS part II, and we conclude that increased SN echogenicity might reflect more severe disease disability or poorer medical response.     

Effects of movement imitation training in Parkinson's disease: A virtual reality pilot study

BackgroundHypometria is a clinical motor sign in Parkinson's disease. Its origin likely emerges from basal ganglia dysfunction, leading to an impaired control of inhibitory intracortical motor circuits. Some neurorehabilitation approaches include movement imitation training; besides the effects of motor practice, there might be a benefit due to observation and imitation of un-altered movement patterns. In this sense, virtual reality facilitates the process by customizing motor-patterns to be observed and imitated.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of a motor-imitation therapy focused on hypometria in Parkinson's disease using virtual reality.MethodsWe carried out a randomized controlled pilot-study. Sixteen patients were randomly assigned in experimental and control groups. Groups underwent 4-weeks of training based on finger-tapping with the dominant hand, in which imitation was the differential factor (only the experimental group imitated). We evaluated self-paced movement features and cortico-spinal excitability (recruitment curves and silent periods in both hemispheres) before, immediately after, and two weeks after the training period.ResultsMovement amplitude increased significantly after the therapy in the experimental group for the trained and un-trained hands. Motor thresholds and silent periods evaluated with transcranial magnetic stimulation were differently modified by training in the two groups; although the changes in the input–output recruitment were similar.ConclusionsThis pilot study suggests that movement imitation therapy enhances the effect of motor practice in patients with Parkinson's disease; imitation-training might be helpful for reducing hypometria in these patients. These results must be clarified in future larger trials.     

Machine learning models for Parkinson’s disease detection and stage classification based on spatial-temporal gait parameters

BackgroundParkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease with no cure, presenting a challenging diagnosis and management. However, despite a significant number of criteria and guidelines have been proposed to improve the diagnosis of PD and to determine the PD stage, the gold standard for diagnosis and symptoms monitoring of PD is still mainly based on clinical evaluation, which includes several subjective factors. The use of machine learning (ML) algorithms in spatial-temporal gait parameters is an interesting advance with easy interpretation and objective factors that may assist in PD diagnostic and follow up.Research questionThis article studies ML algorithms for: i) distinguish people with PD vs. matched-healthy individuals; and ii) to discriminate PD stages, based on selected spatial-temporal parameters, including variability and asymmetry.MethodsGait data acquired from 63 people with PD with different levels of PD motor symptoms severity, and 63 matched-control group individuals, during self-selected walking speed, was study in the experiments.ResultsIn the PD diagnosis, a classification accuracy of 84.6 %, with a precision of 0.923 and a recall of 0.800, was achieved by the Naïve Bayes algorithm. We found four significant gait features in PD diagnosis: step length, velocity and width, and step width variability. As to the PD stage identification, the Random Forest outperformed the other studied ML algorithms, by reaching an Area Under the ROC curve of 0.786. We found two relevant gait features in identifying the PD stage: stride width variability and step double support time variability.SignificanceThe results showed that the studied ML algorithms have potential both to PD diagnosis and stage identification by analysing gait parameters.