Knowledge and awareness of adverse drug reactions and pharmacovigilance practices among healthcare professionals in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are scantly reported with poor contribution by healthcare professionals worldwide and in particular in developing countries. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and awareness of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reporting and pharmacovigilance system among healthcare professionals in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah hospitals, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire was designed addressing; awareness of ADRs, knowledge of pharmacovigilance system, availability of ADRs reporting system, patient counseling about ADRs and documentation of ADRs. The questionnaire was distributed to randomly selected healthcare professionals (n = 585) such as physicians, pharmacists, nurses and pharmacists’ technicians of hospitals. Completed questionnaires were collected and data were analyzed. Data were expressed in number as well as percentage. Of the 585 questionnaires circulated, a total of 384 healthcare professionals responded. Healthcare professional categories involved in the study were 148 physicians, 37 pharmacists, 158 nurses and 41 pharmacist technicians. The percent of the respondents who accepted to enroll in the study was 65.64%. Most of the respondents were unable to correctly define the pharmacovigilance term, but they were aware of ADRs. The awareness among healthcare professionals of the national pharmacovigilance system was 39.6%. Pharmacists had a good knowledge of pharmacovigilance and ADRs terminology and showed a more positive attitude to report ADRs. A greater number of the healthcare professionals were aware of ADRs reporting, but practically it is not implemented in hospitals. Most hospitals had follow-up documentation systems, but did not include ADRs reporting. There was no distinct pharmacovigilance system in place. Our study has demonstrated a lack of knowledge and awareness of pharmacovigilance and ADRs reporting among healthcare professionals in hospitals. The poor knowledge of ADRs reporting emphasized the urgent need to implement the appropriate strategies to improve the awareness of pharmacovigilance practices and ADRs reporting in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah hospitals.     

Conocimiento y percepción de la nocividad del cigarrillo electrónico en población adulta de Barcelona

ObjectiveTo describe knowledge of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and their perceived harmfulness in the population of Barcelona in 2013-2014.MethodsWe used participants from a longitudinal study of a representative sample of the adult population in the city of Barcelona (n = 736). The field work was conducted between May 2013 and February 2014.ResultsAwareness of e-cigarette was 79.2%. The average level of knowledge was 4.4 points out of 10; there were statistically significant differences according to age, educational level, tobacco consumption, and nicotine dependence. Most participants had learned about e-cigarettes through traditional media (57.8%). Nearly half (47.2%) of the participants believed that e-cigarettes are less harmful than conventional cigarettes.ConclusionAdvertising of e-cigarettes in the media should be regulated because there is still scarce scientific evidence about the usefulness and harmful effects of these devices.     

宁波市某高职院校结核病知晓率现状和干预效果分析

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Perceptions and Attitudes Towards Organ Donation Among People Seeking Healthcare in Tertiary Care Centers of Coastal South India

Background:

Organ transplantation is the most preferred treatment modality for end-stage organ diseases. The need for the transplants is higher than the availability. Prerequisites for the success of transplantation program include awareness and positive attitudes.

Aim:

To assess the perceptions and attitudes of the people seeking health care in tertiary care centers towards organ donation in Mangalore, India.

Settings and Design:

This cross-sectional study included 863 people seeking general healthcare as outpatients.

Materials and Methods:

Face to face interviews were carried out using pretested tools which included the socio demographic data. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 11.5.

Results:

Overall, 59.6% participants showed the willingness to donate organs. Females (64.1%) and participants from upper socio economic status (62.7%) had higher willingness rates for organ donations. Hindus (63.6%) and Christians (63.3%) had higher willingness rates for organ donations than Muslims (38.2%). Also, 23.7% participants showed willingness to donate eyes and 33.6% wished to donate any organ after death. Most of the participants (67%) were aware that money should not be accepted for donating organs, and 58.1% were aware that it is an offence to accept any benefit for organ donations. Forty percent participants had perceived risks associated with organ donation. Regarding donor cards, 42.3% of the participants knew about it and 3.7% already possessed it.

Conclusion:

It is apparent from the study that though there was high level of awareness about organ donation, a high proportion of the participants did not have positive attitudes towards organ donation.     

中国慢性鼻-鼻窦炎诊断和治疗指南全国应用调查

目的 调查中国慢性鼻-鼻窦炎诊断和治疗指南(2008年,南昌)在全国范围的知晓与应用状况.方法 将指南内容及应用指标设计成初始问卷,通过预调查形成正式问卷,然后分层选择全国不同地区、不同等级医院的耳鼻咽喉科医师作为调查对象,统一培训人员,深入各家医院进行面访问卷调查,汇总整理数据,统计指南知晓度与应用度的评估指标,并进行影响因素的分析.以SPSS16.0软件进行数据分析.结果 2012年12月至2013年6月间实施问卷发放、调查及回收,完成全国30个省、市、自治区或直辖市的350家医院的1 240名耳鼻咽喉科医师的有效调查.通过分类汇总,受访者对指南各项内容的平均知晓度为48.7％,对指南推荐治疗药物的平均应用度为40.8％,两者之间呈正相关趋势(r =0.280,P=0.000).通过线性回归,区县医院、低年资医师、非鼻科专业方向是造成知晓度和应用度较低的因素;此外,我国西部地区受访者的指南知晓度与药物应用度均比东部地区、中部地区低.结论 我国慢性鼻-鼻窦炎诊断和治疗指南的知晓程度与应用程度普遍偏低,亟待加强宣传学习与贯彻落实,尤其需加大对重点地区、重点医院、重点人群的推广力度.     

昆明市高校女教师宫颈癌认知度与筛查现状分析

目的 对昆明市高校女教师的宫颈癌认知度与筛查情况进行调查分析,为今后的宫颈癌预防工作提供理论依据.方法 采用随机抽样方法,对昆明市10所高校24 ～ 56岁年龄段的372名女教师进行宫颈癌认知度及筛查现状的调查,并用检验和Logistic回归进行统计分析.结果 在372名高校女教师中,有90％的人能正确认识宫颈癌是可以早发现、早诊断和早治疗的;57％的人听说过人乳头瘤病毒(HPV);48％的人认为感染人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)是引起宫颈癌发生的危险因素;50％的人认为过早发生性行为是引起宫颈癌的危险因素;87％的人认为育龄妇女筛查宫颈癌是有必要的.只有49.7％的人进行过宫颈癌的筛查,50.3％的人从未进行过宫颈癌的筛查.宫颈癌认知度、年龄与健康教育开展情况对宫颈癌筛查水平有影响(P＜0.05).医学院校与非医学院校女教师在宫颈癌认知度方面无差异,但筛查水平有差异,医学院校宫颈癌筛查率高于非医学院校(P＜0.05).结论 昆明市部分高校女教师对宫颈癌相关知识的认知度较高,但筛查水平较低,筛查人数仅占49.7％,有一半以上的人未进行过宫颈癌的筛查.宫颈癌认知度、年龄、健康教育开展情况及筛查过程中的主观感受综合作用,对宫颈癌筛查率有影响.     

自制口袋书在提高护士对专科应急预案知晓率的应用和效果评价

目的：提高护士对应急预案知晓率,确保护理安全,,加强护理人员对应急情况的处理。方法由妇产科病区护士组成品管圈小组,并根据第八版《妇产科学》及妇产科专科应急预案设计调查问卷,对全科护士进行考核,再通过应急预案口袋书的学习,对活动前后进行对比。结果活动后,护士对专科应急预案知晓率由活动前的62.13%提高到活动后的96.16%,专科应急预案相关技能考核由活动前的84.58%提高到活动后的93.05%。结论活动对护士掌握专科应急预案的相关知识及相关技能考核有明显提高,从而确保护理安全,降低医疗风险,减少护患纠纷,提高满意度[1]。     

宁夏12320卫生热线公众艾滋病知识知晓率电话调查报告

目的了解宁夏公众艾滋病防治知识的知晓情况,为制定艾滋病防治宣传教育方法和重点教育内容提供依据。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法,对宁夏五市528名手机与座机用户进行艾滋病防治知识、态度电话调查;采用SPSS软件进行数据分析。结果宁夏公众艾滋病防治知识总知晓率为61．55％（325／528）;城市居民艾滋病防治知识总知晓率为75．63％（239／316）,农村居民仅为40．57％（86／212）,对蚊虫叮咬传播艾滋病存在错误认知的受访者占64．02％。结论宁夏公众尤其是农村居民,对艾滋病防治知识知晓率不高,艾滋病的健康教育工作还有待深入开展。     

单中心冠心病患者对危险因素认知程度及控制现状的调查

目的分析我院门诊及住院的冠心病患者危险因素认知程度及控制现状。方法设计冠心病危险因素认知调查表,由经培训的调查员使用统一的调查表对患者进行面对面的问卷调查,分析2012—2014年我院门诊及住院诊治的经冠状动脉造影检查确诊的冠心病患者1 127例,所有患者均详细询问病史,检测血脂、血糖、糖化血红蛋白水平,行口服葡萄糖耐量试验,测量身高和体质量。结果 926例(82.2%)的患者认为应规律服用冠心病二级预防药物。患者对高血压是冠心病的危险因素知晓率最高,为65.22%(735/1127);对常见的4种危险因素全部知晓率为9.58%(108/1 127);经过住院宣教,出院后危险因素检出和控制情况:住院时吸烟的患者375例(33.27%),随访时下降至93例(8.25%)(P=0.002);住院时908例高血压患者中398例(43.83%)血压控制,随访时上升至662例(72.91%)(P=0.021);住院时共有757例(67.17%)血脂异常者,随访时下降至256例(22.72%)(P=0.002);住院时检出糖代谢异常者466例(41.35%),随访时检出672例(59.63%)(P=0.026)。结论本中心冠心病患者对疾病认知程度不甚理想,冠心病危险因素整体控制不佳,医务人员应进一步加强对患者冠心病二级预防的宣传教育。