肺部曲霉菌属感染的临床与耐药性研究

目的检测6种常用抗真菌药物对曲霉菌属的体外抗菌活性,探讨肺部曲霉菌属感染的相关因素与预后。方法采用Etest法测定伊曲康唑、酮康唑、5-氟胞嘧啶、卡泊芬净、两性霉素B和氟康唑对18株曲霉的最低抑菌浓度(MIC);用回顾性调查的方法对肺部曲霉菌属感染患者进行分析。结果卡泊芬净、伊曲康唑、两性霉素B对曲霉菌属的MIC90分别为0.25、1.0、2.0μg/ml,酮康唑、5-氟胞嘧啶和氟康唑的MIC90分别≥32、32、256μg/ml;卡泊芬净对各种曲霉菌属的抑菌效果均较好;伊曲康唑对烟曲霉、黄曲霉的体外抗菌活性高于两性霉素B,两性霉素B对黑曲霉的体外抗菌活性高于伊曲康唑;大多肺部曲霉菌属感染患者有高龄、基础疾病等。结论高龄、基础疾病、广谱抗菌药物使用是曲霉菌属感染的主要原因,肺部曲霉菌属感染病死率高;伊曲康唑、卡泊芬净和两性霉素B对曲霉菌属的体外抑菌效果较好,但不同药物对不同种类曲霉菌属抗菌活性不同,实验室将曲菌鉴定到种并进行体外抗真菌药敏感试验对临床具有重要的指导意义。     

烟曲霉感染对人脐静脉内皮细胞表达血管假性血友病因子的影响

目的通过建立烟曲霉菌丝感染人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）的体外模型,观察烟曲霉菌丝感染后HUVEC表达血管假性血友病因子（vWF）的变化,以及用不同干预因素处理对HUVEC表达vWF的影响,以探讨侵袭性曲霉病血管侵袭的机制。方法实验分六组,即空白对照组、TNF-α组、烟曲霉菌丝组、细胞松弛素D组、N-钙黏蛋白抗体组和地塞米松组,分别于2、6、12及18 h提取细胞培养上清液,采用ELISA法检测vWF浓度。结果与2 h比较,空白对照组和TNF-α组的vWF表达量在18 h增加（P〈0.05）,其余各组vWF表达量在6、12及18 h均增加（P〈0.05）;各实验组与空白对照组比较,除N-钙黏蛋白抗体组HUVEC的vWF表达量在2 h无明显变化外,其余各时间点vWF表达量均升高（P〈0.05）。TNF-α组HUVEC的vWF表达量在2 h高于烟曲霉菌丝组,而在18 h低于烟曲霉菌丝组。N-钙黏蛋白抗体组HUVEC的vWF表达量在2 h和6 h分别低于烟曲霉菌丝组相应时间点。细胞松弛素D组和地塞米松组vWF在各时间点与烟曲霉菌丝组的差异均无统计学意义。结论烟曲霉菌丝感染后,HUVEC过度表达vWF,N-钙黏蛋白单克隆抗体可减少vWF的表达,而细胞松弛素D和地塞米松对vWF的表达无明显影响。     

A strategy for managing fungal infections in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation

As more indications continue to be found for allogeneic haematopoietic transplantation, more patients are at risk for invasive fungal infectious diseases (IFID), particularly candidiasis and aspergillosis. Risk factors for disease are becoming better defined and diagnostic methods have improved considerably. In addition, there is now international agreement that three elements form the basis for defining IFID (host factors, clinical evidence, and mycological results), that imaging is acceptable for diagnosing disease, and that indirect tests such as antigen detection are also adequate mycological proof of cause. There are also more drugs available and still more to come, offering the potential for selective prophylaxis as well as preemptive and specific therapy, as well as for flexible administration. Hence, all the elements are in place for designing and testing an effective and economically sound strategy for dealing with IFID.     

冰片对真菌细胞超微结构的影响及治疗化脓性中耳炎的临床应用

目的 :研究冰片治疗化脓性中耳炎的药理作用 ,最佳有效浓度。方法 :取患者外耳道内分泌物中分离出的黑曲菌和实验室保留的真菌菌株 ,测定冰片最低抑真菌浓度 (MIC) ,最低杀真菌浓度 (MFC)。电子显微镜下观察冰片作用后的细胞超微结构变化。结果 :发现冰片对真菌MIC为 5 % ,MFC为 10 %。电镜下见冰片作用后的黑曲菌细胞壁变厚 ,模糊不清有空泡。细胞浆内各种物质深染凝集。呈现大量脂滴。电子密度增高 ,嵴排列紊乱。有的细胞器破坏 ,呈现大量电子空白区。有的细胞扭曲变形失去原有结构。结论 :冰片可破坏真菌细胞的结构 ,导致真菌溶解死亡 ,表现出抑菌杀菌功能。最低抑真菌浓度为 5 % ,杀菌浓度为 10 %。     

Medical management of Aspergillus flavus endocarditis

An 11-year-old boy underwent a matched unrelated bone marrow transplant for refractory acute myeloid leukemia. He developed invasive aspergillus pneumonia and endocarditis post-transplant. The fungal endocarditis was successfully eradicated with liposomal amphotericin at the dose of 10 mg/kg/day. Surgical intervention was not required and no serious side effects of liposomal amphotericin were observed at this dose.     

Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to serine proteinase allergens in Penicillium and Aspergillus species.

BACKGROUND: Alkaline and/or vacuolar serine proteinases are major allergens in prevalent airborne Penicillium and Aspergillus species. OBJECTIVE: The object of this study is to generate and characterize monoclonal antibodies against these serine proteinase allergens. METHODS: BALB/c mice were immunized individually with the Penicillium citrinum culture medium or the crude extract and culture medium preparations of Aspergillus fumigatus. Hybridoma cells that secrete monoclonal antibodies against serine proteinase allergens were selected by immunoblotting. Antigens in three different Penicillium (P. citrinum, P. notatum and P. oxalicum) and two different Aspergillus species (A. fumigatus, and A. flavus) recognized by these monoclonal antibodies were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis immunoblotting and N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. RESULTS: Four (PCM8, PCM10, PCM16 and PCM39) and one (FUM20) monoclonal antibodies against serine proteinase allergens were generated after fusion of NS-1 cells with spleen cells obtained from BALB/c mice immunized with antigens from P. citrinum and A. fumigatus, respectively. Immunoblotting results showed that PCM8 reacted with an alkaline serine proteinase allergen in P. citrinum and P. notatum. PCM10 and PCM39 reacted with the alkaline serine proteinase in two Penicillium (P. citrinum, P. notatum) and two Aspergillus species (A. fumigatus, and A. flavus) tested. PCM16 reacted with the alkaline serine proteinase allergen in P. citrinum, A. fumigatus and A. flavus but not with that in P. notatum. MoAb FUM20 reacted with the alkaline serine proteinase allergen in two Aspergillus species (A. fumigatus and A. flavus) but not with that in two different Penicillium species (P. citrinum, P. notatum) tested. Among these five monoclonal antibodies generated, only PCM39 and FUM20 can react with the vacuolar serine proteinase allergen in P. notatum, P. oxalicum and in A. fumigatus. The 35 kDa P. citrinum component that reacted with FUM20 has an N-terminal amino acid sequence of DSPSVEKNAP. CONCLUSION: Five monoclonal antibodies against different epitopes of the serine proteinase major allergens in prevalent Penicillium and Aspergillus species were generated in the present study. Antibodies obtained may be useful in the characterization and standardization of serine proteinase allergens in crude fungal extracts.     

Mycotic Dermatitis in Domestic Fowl. A Case Report./Pilzdermatitis am Haushuhn. Ein Fallbericht

Summary: Two cases of mycotic dermatitis, probably caused by Aspergillus spec, are presented.
Zusammenfassung: Es werden zwei Fälle von Pilzdermatitis, wahrscheinlich hervorgerufen durch Aspergillus, vorgestellt     

菊芋原料同步糖化发酵生产丁二酸

对菊芋原料发酵生产丁二酸进行了研究,用 Actinobacillus succinogenes 和 Aspergillus niger 同步糖化发酵,发现同步糖化发酵效果优于糖化后再发酵,在同步糖化发酵过程中还原糖质量浓度始终保持在10～40 g/L,可以避免高浓度的还原糖对 A.succinogenes 的抑制.5 L搅拌罐中同步糖化补料分批发酵96 h产丁二酸98.2 g/L,对消耗糖产率95.4%,生产强度1.02 g/(L·h) .     

Melanin as a virulence factor in pathogenic fungi

The pigment melanin is found universally in nature and is attributed to a variety of functions. In some fungi it is thought to play a decisive role in the determination of virulence. This review examines the experimental evidence which has led to an understanding of the mechanisms by which melanin functions in pathogenic fungi, particularly in plant pathogens, in Cryptococcus neoformans and Wangiella dermatitidis.     

EFFICACY OF MICONAZOLE IN EXPERIMENTAL KERATOMYCOSIS

For the first time comparative efficacy of 1 % miconazole in ointment base and drops has been evaluated against Candida, Aspergillus and Fusarium organisms In experimental heratomycosis. The findings of the present study reveal that miconazole in ointment drug delivery system has the advantage of being more effective in healing the fungal ulcers and associated lesions. It requires much less frequent application than drops, a parameter of great importance in improving patient compliance. Miconazole ointment was well tolerated by the rabbit eye and produced no ocular or systemic toxicity. The present study confirms that miconazole is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent and it could be a better alternative to presently available drugs to treat human heratomycosis .