密码子优化的中国HIV-1流行亚型gp120共识序列核酸疫苗的构建及其免疫原性的初步研究

目的:构建能表达密码子优化的中国HIV-1流行亚型AE、Bc和B'gp120共识序列的核酸疫苗,并研究其免疫原性.方法:根据HIV-1的分子流行病学资料和包膜糖蛋白的氨基酸序列分析,设计了针对中国流行的AE,BC和B'(ThB)亚型的gp120共识序列.按哺乳动物细胞偏好的密码子对AE.BC和ThB 3个亚型的gp120共识序列分别进行密码子优化,合成优化基因.将密码子优化的gp120基因克隆到核酸疫苗载体pSW3891,构建重组质粒核酸疫苗.将重组质粒转染293T细胞,并以重组质粒疫苗免疫新西兰兔.应用蛋白质免疫印迹法检测转染细胞中gp120蛋白的表达.ELISA方法检测免疫后兔血清中gp120特异性抗体的产生.结果:3个密码子优化的gp120核酸疫苗,均能正确表达gp120.这些gp120核酸疫苗免疫家兔后,能产生HIV-1包膜糖蛋白特异性的抗体.结论:成功构建3个密码子优化的、表达HIV-1中国流行亚型AE,BC和ThB的共识序列的gp120核酸疫苗,能诱导HIV-1包膜蛋白特异的免疫反应.     

“120”出诊中急性左心衰的救治体会

目的探讨“120”出诊中急性左心衰竭的救治措施。方法回顾分析34例急性左心衰竭的出诊病例,均经过了病情快速判断、心理安抚、吸氧、辅助端坐体位、心电监护、急救药物治疗、正确转运等处理,少部分患者进行了电除颤、心肺复苏治疗。结果34例患者经过急救处理后病情均不同程度的得到了缓解,安全到达医院者31例,急救有效率91．18％。结论急性左心衰竭是常见的危急重症。提高急救意识、熟练抢救方法、医护担架工积极配合、完善的抢救设备是提高抢救有效率的保证。另外,与患者及家属的积极有效沟通也至关重要,可有效减少医患纠纷。     

p120ctn和Kaiso在食管癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨p120ctn和Kaiso在食管癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系。方法：采用免疫组织化学（SP）方法检测77例鳞状细胞癌、23例腺癌以及20例正常食管黏膜组织中p120ctn蛋白和Kaiso蛋白的表达,并进行相关性分析。结果：与正常食管黏膜组织相比,在食管鳞癌和食管腺癌组织中,p120ctn膜表达减少直至消失,细胞浆内表达逐渐增强,Kaiso蛋白主要表达于食管癌细胞浆内。在食管癌组织中p120ctn蛋白和Kaiso蛋白的表达与淋巴结转移及癌组织浸润深度密切相关（P〈0.05）,而与性别、年龄、组织学类型、分化程度无明显相关性（P〉0.05）。结论：p120ctn蛋白和Kaiso蛋白的表达与食管癌的淋巴结转移和浸润深度密切相关,提示食管癌的发生发展可能与p120ctn和Kaiso有关,p120ctn和Kaiso可能是食管癌新的标志物和治疗靶点。     

Development of a parent-proxy quality-of-life chronic cough-specific questionnaire: clinical impact vs psychometric evaluations

BACKGROUND: Chronic cough affects at least 7% of children, and the impact of this on families is significant. Although adult cough-specific quality-of-life (QOL) instruments have been shown to be a useful cough outcome measure, no suitable cough-specific QOL for parents of children with chronic cough exists. This article compares two methods of item reduction (clinical impact and psychometric) and reports on the statistical properties of both QOL instruments. METHOD: One hundred seventy children (97 boys and 73 girls; median age, 4 years; interquartile range, 3 to 7.25 years) and one of their parents participated. A preliminary 50-item parent cough-specific QOL (PC-QOL) questionnaire was developed from conversations with parents of children with chronic cough (ie, cough for > 3 weeks). Parents also completed generic QOL questionnaires (eg, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, version 4.0 [PedsQL4.0] and the 12-item Short Form Health Survey, version 2 [SF-12v2]). RESULTS: The clinical impact and psychometric method of item reduction resulted in 27-item and 26-item PC-QOL questionnaires, respectively, with approximately 50% of items overlapping. Internal consistency among the final items from both methods was excellent. Some evidence for concurrent and criterion validity of both methods was established as significant correlations were found between subscales of the PC-QOL questionnaire and the scales of the SF-12v2 and PedsQL4.0 scores. The PC-QOL questionnaire derived from both methods was sensitive to change following an intervention. CONCLUSION: Chronic cough significantly impacts on the QOL of both parents and children. Although the PC-QOL questionnaires derived from a clinical impact method and from a psychometric method contained different items, both versions were shown to be internally consistent and valid. Further testing is required to compare both final versions to objective and subjective cough measures.     

Zinc chloride (smoke bomb) inhalation lung injury: clinical presentations, high-resolution CT findings, and pulmonary function test results

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Zinc chloride smoke inhalation injury (ZCSII) is uncommon and has been rarely described in previous studies. We hypothesized that structural changes of the lung might correlate with pulmonary function. To answer this question, we correlated findings from high-resolution CT (HRCT) scan and the results of pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in patients with ZCSII. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENTS: Twenty patients who had been hospitalized with ZCSII-related conditions. MEASUREMENTS: The study included HRCT scan scores (0 to 100), static and dynamic lung volumes, and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (D(LCO)). RESULTS: HRCT scans and PFTs were performed initially after injury (range, 3 to 21 days) in all patients and during the follow-up period (range, 27 to 66 days) in 10 patients. The predominant CT scan findings were patchy or diffuse ground-glass opacities with or without consolidation. The majority of patients showed a significant reduction of FVC, FEV1, total lung capacity, and D(LCO), but normal FEV1/FVC ratio values. Changes of functional parameters correlated well with HRCT scan scores. Substantial improvements in CT scan abnormalities and pulmonary function were observed at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of our patients with ZCSII presented with a predominant parenchymal injury of the lung that was consistent with a restrictive type of functional impairment and a reduction in Dlco rather than with obstructive disease. Our results suggest that HRCT scanning and pulmonary function testing may reliably predict the severity of ZCSII.     

GPR120 promotes metastasis but inhibits tumor growth in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

ObjectivesG-protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) is a long-chain unsaturated fatty acid receptor, which regulates glucose metabolism and lipid. To date, there are disputes on the roles of GPR120 in the pathogenesis of cancer. Besides, little is known about its roles in the pathogenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This study was designed to investigate the roles of GPR120 in the pathogenesis of PDAC.MethodsImmunohistochemical staining (IHC) was used for detecting the level of GPR120, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) markers, Ki-67 and CD31 in ninety-one PDAC patients. Western blot, CCK8, flow cytometry and transwell assays were performed to determine proliferation, apoptosis, and motility in vitro. Subcutaneous tumor model was established to validate the roles of GPR120 in vivo.ResultsGPR120 was highly expressed in PDAC tissues, which was associated with free fatty acids (FFAs), lymph node metastasis (LNM), and poor prognosis. Moreover, GPR120 activation led to down-regulation of E-cadherin and up-regulation of Snail, Vimentin, N-cadherin, MMP2, MMP9, and CD31. Additionally, GPR120 decreased the expression of P-PI3K, P-AKT and CMYC and increased the level of P-JAK2, P-STAT3, Wnt5a, total β-catenin and β-catenin in nucleus.ConclusionsGPR120 promoted proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of PDAC, and contributed to PDAC metastasis via inducing EMT and angiogenesis. GPR120 served as a double-edged sword in the pathogenesis of PDAC.     

Phylogeography of Y-chromosome haplogroup Q1a1a-M120, a paternal lineage connecting populations in Siberia and East Asia

Background: Previous studies have suggested that the human Y-chromosome haplogroup Q1a1a-M120, a widespread paternal lineage in East Asian populations, originated in South Siberia. However, much uncertainty remains regarding the origin, diversification, and expansion of this paternal lineage.

Aim: To explore the origin and diffusion of paternal Q-M120 lineages in East Asia.

Subjects and methods: The authors generated 26 new Y chromosome sequences of Q-M120 males and co-analysed 45 Y chromosome sequences of this haplogroup. A highly-revised phylogenetic tree of haplogroup Q-M120 with age estimates was reconstructed. Additionally, a comprehensive phylogeographic analysis of this lineage was performed including 15,007 samples from 440 populations in eastern Eurasia.

Results: An ancient connection of this lineage with populations in Siberia was revealed. However, this paternal lineage experienced an in-situ expansion between 5000 and 3000?years ago in northwestern China. Ancient populations with high frequencies of Q-M120 were involved in the formation of ancient Huaxia populations before 2000?years ago; this haplogroup eventually became one of the founding paternal lineages of modern Han populations.

Conclusion: This study provides a clear pattern of the origin and diffusion process of haplogroup Q1a1a-M120, as well as the role of this paternal lineage during the formation of ancient Huaxia populations and modern Han populations.     

HIV-1 gp120 AND IMMUNE NETWORK

It has been demonstrated that the immunodominant V3 loop of HIV-1 gp120 and its flanking regions bear sequence and structural homology to the framework and complementarity-determining regions of human immunoglobulins. It has been proposed that the Ig-like domain of gp120 might encode idiotypes and in this way permit HIV-1 entry into the immune regulatory network. This notion is strongly supported by results demonstrating that the anti-V3 loop and anti-Ig antibodies of healthy individuals share complementary structure and that V3 reactive antibodies are present in HIV-negative sera. This might be the mechanism by which HIV induces immunological abnormalities, and it should be taken into consideration in AIDS vaccine development.     

APPLICATION OF VIP/NTM-REACTIVE NATURAL ANTIBODIES IN THERAPY OF HIV DISEASE

In sera of HIV-infected individuals natural antibodies recognizing nonimmunogenic C-terminal domain of the second conserved region of HIV-1 gp120 and the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were identified. It has been demonstrated that these antibodies are significantly more prevalent in asymptomatic carriers than in AIDS patients and that their titer strongly correlates with disease progression. These findings point out the VIP/C2-reactive natural antibodies as an important agent for immunotherapy of HIV disease.     

gp210抗体的表达与原发性胆汁性肝硬化临床特征的关系

临床上,原发忡胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)主要根据黄疸、瘙痒等症状,结合高碱性磷酸酶(ALP)及抗线粒体抗体M2(AMA-M2)阳性确立诊断[1].