该如何保护好您的“救心药”

硝酸甘油对于心脏病患者来说可算是救命药了，查阅硝酸甘油片剂说明书，一般会注明药片的有效期为1年，可在临床实践中，不少医生发现，硝酸甘油片剂药效下降很快，甚至开封后3个月基本就无效了。     

Influence of moderate hypothermia on cerebral oxygenation in pigs with intracranial hypertension

BACKGROUND: Moderate hypothermia is one of the effective therapeutic methods for head injury in recent years, there are many mechanisms of moderate hypothermia for brain protection, and its influence on cerebral oxygenation is also one of them. OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of moderate hypothermia on cerebral oxygenation of animals with acute intracranial hypertension, and further investigate the protective mechanism of moderate hypothermia. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital affiliated to the Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. MATERIALS: Twenty healthy little pigs, either male or female, weighing 4.5–5.5 kg, were used. Neurotrend-typed multiparameter monitoring system (Diametrics Company, British); CMA/100 micro-injection pump (Carnegie Company, Sweden). METHODS: The experiment was conducted in the Changzheng Hospital affiliated to the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA in November, 2001. The pigs were randomized into two groups: the normothermia group (control group, n =10) and moderate hypothermia group (n =10). ① Bilateral femoral arteries were separated, one was connected to pressometer for monitoring mean arterial pressure (MEP), and the other for analysis of blood gases [including peripheral blood pH value, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), HCO3–]. ② Rectal temperature was monitored with mercurial thermometer. ③ Intracranial pressure was monitored using Camino optic ICP probe placed in the subdural space. ④ Neurotrend multiparameter monitoring sensor was inserted into the white matter for about 4 cm to determine cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP, CPP=MAP(ICP), brain tissue partial oxygen pressure (PO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), HCO3– and brain temperature. The rectal temperature of animals in the moderate hypothermia group was lowered to 34 ℃ using ice bags, and the body temperature was maintained at 33–35 ℃ for 2 hours. The changes of the parameters were observed continuously, and the pigs in the normothermia group were not treated with cooling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① MAP, ICP, rectal temperature, CCP; Indexes of cerebral oxygenation detected with Neurotrend-typed multiparameter monitoring system; ② Results of blood gases analysis in the moderate hypothermia group. RESULTS: All the 20 pigs were involved in the analysis of results. ① MAP, ICP, rectal temperature, CCP and indexes of cerebral oxygenation: In the moderate hypothermia group, the ICP after cooling was obviously lower than that before cooling [(3.31±1.19), (5.33±0.95) kPa, P < 0.05], CCP was higher, brain tissue PCO2 [(12.03±1.73), (10.59±2.01) kPa, P < 0.05], and brain tissue pH value was higher [(7.03±1.63), (9.40±1.30) kPa, P < 0.05], whereas the brain temperature was decreased as compared with that before cooling [(34.9±0.3), (37.2±0.2) ℃, P < 0.05]. ② Results of blood gases analysis in the moderate hypothermia group: There were no significant differences in the parameters of peripheral arterial blood gases analysis before and after cooling in the moderate hypothermia group (P > 0.05) CONCLUSION: Moderate hypothermia will not impair the cerebral oxygenation, and it can reduce brain tissue CO2 and decrease brain tissue acidosis.     

"缘对缘"技术在瓣膜成形术中的应用

随着心肌保护、体外循环技术及术后管理的进步，二尖瓣置换的手术成功率及远期疗效均有明显的提高。进行性发展的二尖瓣关闭不全会引起左心房及左心室扩大，左室充盈压升高及左室后负荷减低；若不及时治疗，病变会引起心功能不全，心力衰竭甚至猝死。对于二尖瓣关闭不全，二尖瓣成形术仍是首选的治疗方法。二尖瓣成形能维持心脏的几何形态，保护心室功能，明显降低手术死亡率，降低术后心内膜炎及血栓发生率，具有良好的长期生存率，治疗效果明显优于二尖瓣置换术。     

血红素抑制内皮细胞损伤的形态学观察

目的 探讨血红素对人脐静脉内皮细胞氧化应激损伤的保护作用。方法 将培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞进行分组：对照组、损伤组、血红素组。观察各组细胞在光、电镜下形态学的改变。结果 在光镜下，血红素组细胞的生长状态明显优于损伤组；在电镜下，损伤组细胞核固缩，而血红素组细胞核幼稚，核仁明显。结论 在人脐静脉内皮细胞中，血红素对过氧化氢所造成的氧化应激损伤有明显的保护作用。     

芪桂益脉灵对大鼠冠脉结扎诱发心律失常及心肌细胞保护作用的影响

1　材料　动物 :Wistar种大白鼠 ,雌雄不拘 ,2 0 0～ 2 5 0g由黑龙江中医药大学动物实验中心提供。药品试剂 :芪桂益脉灵由黄芪 10 0g、桂枝2 0g、苦参 2 0g、三七 15g、黄连 7 5g、龙齿 2 0g、党参 5 0g、麦冬 15g、五味子 15g、炒枣仁 2 0g 10味中药组成 ,经水煎浓缩 ( 1 2 5g生药 /ml)供实验用。生化指标测定 :SOD、MDA、ATP酶试剂盒 ,购于南京建成生物工程研究所 ,国产。心肌组织凋亡细胞检测 :凋亡位末端检测试剂盒 ,德国宝灵曼公司。光学摄影显微镜 :日本Olympus。2　方法　取大鼠 2 1只 ,随机分为 3组。假手术组 (灌服同体积生…     

急性呼吸窘迫综合征机械通气时压力-容量曲线的应用

急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome，ARDS)是一种临床常见的危重症，以严重低氧血症、肺顺应性降低、肺毛细血管通透性增高等为特征。机械通气作为治疗ARDS的一种重要手段，其重要性是不言而喻的，但由于近年来对机械通气所致肺损伤(ventilator—induced lung injury，VILI)认识的不断加深，使人们注意到在ARDS患者接受机械通气以改善氧合的同时，如何避免VILI的发生成为一个重要的课题。而对压力／容量曲线(pressure／volumecurve，P／V曲线)进行分析，可更好地理解ARDS的病理生理，并为肺保护策略提供依据。     

中风毒邪论与神经保护治疗的研究

中风毒邪论是一种与传统中医中风病理有所不同的理论 ,在中风毒邪论指导下形成解毒通络方是较为理想的神经保护剂 ,可解决目前神经保护治疗的主要障碍 ,有望成为提高中医治疗中风急性期疗效的关键     

金属硫蛋白对心肌缺血再灌注损伤保护作用的研究进展

金属硫蛋白(metallothionein,MT)是一类低分子量富含半胱氨酸的内源性小分子蛋白质，广泛存在于自然界中，具有贮存转运重金属离子、清除氧自由基、抗细胞凋亡及抑制细胞内钙超载等生物学效应，并可在线粒体、溶酶体、脱氧核糖核酸水平上起一定的细胞保护作用。Kang利用转基因技术在心肌缺血再灌注、限制饮食铜摄入量、注射阿霉