Endothelial function and outdoor temperature

Studies within populations consistently showed that cardiovascular mortality increases with hot weather. However, the biological mechanisms underlying this association remain largely unknown. Endothelial function plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, we investigated the association between endothelial function and outdoor temperature. We measured flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) as index of endothelial function in 274 randomly recruited subjects (50% women, mean age 40.6 year). Both before (partial r = −0.14, p = 0.017) and after adjustment (partial r = −0.17, p = 0.006) for sex, age, body mass index, brachial artery diameter and current smoking, FMD was negatively associated with mean daily temperature. The odds of endothelial dysfunction increased by 58% (95% CI: 4–141%; p = 0.03) for each 10 °C increment in mean daily temperature during the week before the examination. Our findings suggest that endothelial dysfunction might contribute to the increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with hot weather.     

超声波、关节松动术联合Thera-Band弹力带主动运动疗法治疗冻结肩的疗效

目的探讨以超声波、关节松动术联合Thera-Band弹力带抗阻主动训练运动疗法为主的综合康复手段对冻结肩的疗效。方法将收治的75例冻结肩患者随机分为超声波、关节松动术联合Thera-Band弹力带抗阻主动训练运动疗法为主的综合康复治疗观察组及自我锻炼对照组进行治疗,分别评价其治疗前、治疗6周后的肩关节疼痛（P）、关节活动度（ROM）、肌力（M）、日常生活能力（ADL）、形态（F）等情况,并将两组病例作对照性研究分析。结果 1治疗前观察组与对照组肩关节功能各单项评分、总评分组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,治疗6周后观察组及对照组肩关节功能各单项评分及总评分较治疗前均显著提高,其中观察组和对照组肩关节功能总评分分别由治疗前的33.58±12.24、35.03±9.62增加至治疗6周后的88.35±11.13、72.56±10.39,差异有统计学意义（组内比较P〈0.05）;增加值分别为54.77±9.71、37.53±10.14。治疗6周后肩关节功能各单项分值及增加值、总评分及增加值组间比较,观察组均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。2观察组38例患者治愈28例,治愈率为76.38%;显效7例,显效率为18.42%,治愈显效率为92.11%。对照组37例治愈0例,治愈率为零;显效4例,显效率为10.81%,治愈显效率为10.81%。治愈率及治愈显效率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论以超声波、关节松动术联合Thera-Band弹力带抗阻主动训练运动疗法为主的综合康复手段对冻结肩的疗效显著。     

Electroencephalogram Brain Connectome: An Approach in Research to Identify the Effect of Acupuncture on Human Brain Wave

Acupuncture has been used for 1000 years, but how it gives therapeutic effect is not completely understood. Integration of brain wave as the central nervous system plays an important role in acupuncture efficacy. To explore the effect of acupuncture stimulation in the central nervous system, it is imperative to decide the adjustments in brain waves that produced because of acupuncture stimulation. Electroencephalogram(EEG) is often used in the acupuncture research area. EEG records spontaneous cerebral activity after some time by positioning electrodes on scalp surface. Using EEG, we can observe the brain connectivity regarding the acupuncture stimulation. An overview regarding the effect of manual acupuncture on human brain wave through EEG observation will be discussed in this review.     

八正散加味结合甲磺酸左氧氟沙星对肾结石体外冲击波碎石术后肾组织损伤的影响

目的：探讨八正散加味结合甲磺酸左氧氟沙星对肾结石体外冲击波碎石(extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, ESWL)术后肾组织损伤的影响。方法将符合入选标准的100例肾结石患者按随机数字表法分为2组各50例,均行ESWL术。对照组ESWL术后嘱患者多饮水,适当运动以促进排石,在此基础上连续服用3 d甲磺酸左氧氟沙星控制感染,3 d后不再服任何药物。八正散组在对照组基础上服用八正散加味。均治疗15 d,比较2组患者血清胱抑素C(cystatin C, Cys C)与尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, NGAL)术后不同时点的变化,判定肾组织损伤情况,评价临床疗效。结果八正散组总有效率为96.0%(48/50),对照组为60.0%(30/50),2组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2＝16.842,P＜0.01)。术后15 d,八正散组血清Cys C[(0.97±0.10)mg/L比(1.13±0.25)mg/L,t＝4.202]和尿NGAL[(4.04±1.32)mg/L比(6.91±2.96)mg/L,t＝6.262]水平;对照组血清Cys C[(0.95±0.12)mg/L比(1.09±0.20)mg/L,t＝4.244]和尿NGAL[(4.66±1.57)mg/L比(7.19±1.81)mg/L,t＝7.762]水平均明显低于同组术后24 h(P＜0.01),且八正散组术后尿NGAL水平明显低于对照组(t＝2.137,P＝0.035)。结论八正散辅助 ESWL 可加速肾结石排出及 ESWL 术后肾损伤的修复,同时推测2次碎石术间最好间隔2周。     

Clinical observations on the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid pulse pressure and intracranial pressure

Summary A method is described for monitoring the relationship between CSF pulse pressure and ICP in clinical patients. Highly significant linear relationships were found during 65 continuous ICP recordings in 58 patients. The slope value of this relationship showed a positive correlation with the elastance coefficient, a volume-pressure parameter assessed by bolus injection. However, the correlation was too weak to allow for a confident prediction of the elastance coefficient on the basis of CSF pulse pressure in the individual patient. This was attributed to the variable magnitude of the volume change underlying the CSF pulse pressure: the pulsatile variation in cerebral blood volume. This quantity was calculated on the basis of a mathematical model from the slope value and the elastance coefficient and was found to vary between 0.36 and 4.38ml. During plateau waves a disproportionate increase in pulse pressure with the ICP was observed in contrast with a relative decrease in intracranial elastance. This phenomenon was ascribed to an increase in the pulsatile variation in cerebral blood volume. It is concluded that, under certain conditions, the intracranial volume-pressure relationship can be continuously monitored by means of CSF pulse pressure analysis. The findings during plateau waves suggest that the pulse pressure also reflects the state of the cerebral vasomotor tone.     

化学烫发剂对体外培养的新生大鼠表皮细胞的毒性研究

本研究应用原代新生大鼠表皮细胞体外培养系统,测试化学烫发剂的皮肤细胞毒性,结果表明烫发剂对大鼠皮肤上皮细胞有明显的毒作用,表现为细胞损伤、DNA及蛋白质合成的抑制。     

Serum inflammatory mediators correlate with disease activity in electrical status epilepticus in sleep (ESES) syndrome

We aimed to study serum cytokine levels in 11 electrical status epilepticus in sleep (ESES) patients and 20 healthy control children. Patients showed significantly higher levels of interleukin (IL)‐1α, IL‐6, IL‐10, chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand (CCL)2 and chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand (CXCL)8/IL‐8 than controls, while macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and CCL3 were significantly lower. Follow‐up analyses in five patients revealed a significant decrease of IL‐6 levels after immunomodulating treatment. IL‐6 changes were accompanied by clear improvement of electroencephalography (EEG) patterns and neuropsychological evaluation. We hypothesize that IL‐6 correlates with disease activity and immunomodulating treatment efficacy.     

爆炸冲击波对家兔颈部大血管损伤机制研究(英文)

摘要:目的探讨头颈部爆炸冲击波对颈部大血管的损伤机制,为临床救治头颈部爆炸伤患者、预防并减少并发症提供理论依据。方法将炸药球置于家兔颈部不同距离处引爆,模拟头颈部爆炸伤。家兔颈部皮肤表面及血管深面放置压力传感器用以记录冲击波压力变化;用光镜以及扫描电镜观察颈部大血管损伤情况。结果爆炸后,家兔颈部软组织受到冲击波的直接作用而损伤,大血管壁也受到冲击波的间接作用而损伤:内皮变性、脱落,中膜断裂,血细胞进入中膜层等,为爆炸伤后假性动脉瘤的形成提供理论依据;颈部大血管内在不同时刻发现血栓形成,颈总动脉内以血小板聚集而成的微血栓为主,而颈外静脉可发生血栓堵塞管腔现象。结论颈部爆炸伤时,冲击波致伤颈部大血管,颈外静脉损伤易于形成血栓,甚至堵塞管腔;颈动脉损伤形成微血栓,并可能继发假性动脉瘤。为临床救治爆炸伤伤员提供一定的理论依据。     

P‐Wave Indices,Distribution and Quality Control Assessment (from the Framingham Heart Study)

Background: P‐wave indices of maximum P‐wave duration and P‐wave dispersion have been examined in a broad array of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular disease states. The P‐wave indices literature has been highly heterogeneous in measurement methodologies, described quality control metrics, and distribution of values. We therefore sought to determine the reproducibility of P‐wave indices in a community‐based cohort. Methods: P‐wave indices were measured in sequential subjects enrolled in the Framingham Heart Study. Electrocardiograms were obtained at the 11th biennial visit of the Original Cohort (n = 250) and the initial visit of the Offspring Cohort (n = 252). We determined the mean P‐wave durations, interlead correlations, and P‐wave indices. We then chose 20 ECGs, 10 from each cohort, and assessed intrarater and interrater variability. Results: The maximum P‐wave duration ranged from 71 to 162 ms with mean of 112 ± 12 ms. The minimum P‐wave duration ranged from 35 to 103 ms with mean of 65 ± 10 ms. P‐wave dispersion ranged from 12 to 82 ms. The mean P‐wave dispersion was 48 ± 12 ms (40–56). The intrarater intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was r = 0.80 for maximum P‐wave duration and r = 0.82 for P‐wave dispersion. The interrater ICC was 0.56 for maximum P‐wave duration and 0.70 for P‐wave dispersion. Conclusions: We demonstrated excellent intrarater reproducibility and fair interrater reproducibility for calculating P‐wave indices. Reproducibility is frequently lacking in studies of P‐wave indices, but is an essential component for the field's growth and epidemiologic contribution. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2010;15(1):77–84