Pharmacy Fill Patterns in Young Urban Children with Persistent Asthma

Background. Medication adherence impacts healthcare utilization. Pharmacy records are useful to establish fill patterns. Objective. Use pharmacy records to establish medication patterns fill patterns for comparison to healthcare utilization. Methods. Pharmacy records of 175 children with persistent asthma were collected and compared to healthcare utilization. Results. Majority of subjects had significant healthcare utilization, low numbers of rescue medications, and poor controller medication fill rates. Those with more rescue medications had more healthcare utilization and more controller medications. Conclusions. Pharmacy fill patterns demonstrate few rescue and/or controller medication fills. Those with more rescue medications reported increased healthcare utilization despite controller medications.     

贵阳市婴幼儿和青少年发育调查研究 Ⅰ．骨龄研究

对贵阳市１５００名健康婴幼儿童和青少年进行骨发育的调查，根据手腕部骨Ｘ线解剖变化规律，观察每块骨从出现至成熟的过程中，骨化点的出现顺序、数量、形态和密度的改变等指标的系列变化，提出了骨发育评价标准。可供我省运动员选材、儿童少年发育咨询和临床治疗参考。     

Keratinolytic fungi in sewage sludge applied to devastated urban soil. A preliminary experiment

The qualitative and quantitative (q/q) changes of keratinolytic fungi in soil mixtures with added sewage sludge were examined during a preliminary reclamation experiment. Sludge before land application was characterized by the weak growth of keratinolytic fungi. In devastated urban soil, abundant fungal growth was observed. Over a 19‐month reclamation period, decreasing frequency of Chrysosporium concurrent with the enrichment of the mixture with the geophilic dermatophytes Arthroderma quadrifidum and A. uncinatum were clearly seen. The results are discussed with respect to possible ecological factors influencing the occurrence of keratinolytic fungi in the materials examined. The public health risk associated with the application of sewage sludge for reclamation is also discussed.     

Childhood precursors of age at first intercourse for females

Age at first intercourse for a sample of adult white women using variables measured during childhood is predicted. Childhood predictors were measured at birth, and ages 5 and 9–11, using existing public-use data on the women. Median age at first intercourse for the sample was 17.5 years. Early family predictors, early developmental characteristics, and temperamental characteristics during childhood together could predict about a fourth of the variance in age at first intercourse. The strongest predictors were motor skills and nightmares at age 5, church attendance with family at age 9, and domineering and mature personality at age 9.This research was supported by grants R01-HD23454 and P30-HD05798 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the annual meetings of the Population Association of America, Denver, Colorado, April 30–May 2, 1992.     

Presentation and course of Type 2 diabetes in youth in a large multi-ethnic city.

AIM: To review the clinical experience of children and teens diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) at a paediatric hospital serving a large urban multi-ethnic population. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of patients with T2DM followed in the diabetes clinic at the Hospital for Sick Children (HSC) over an 8-year period. Patients who were included were younger than 18, referred at the onset of diabetes, and where presentation and/or clinical course was 'typical' of T2DM. RESULTS: Of 1020 children with diabetes followed at HSC, 4% were identified as having T2DM in 2002. There was a sixfold increase in new cases from 1994 to 2002. The mean age at diagnosis was 13.5 +/- 2.2 years (range 8.8-17.5) with a female-to-male ratio of 1.7. Most had a first- or second-degree relative with T2DM. There was an overrepresentation of children with T2DM from Asian and African Canadian ethnic groups relative to the regional population. The majority of teens were asymptomatic at presentation, with a smaller number in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at diagnosis. Mean HbA1c at diagnosis was 10 +/- 3.4%. Approximately one half of patients were initially treated by diet and exercise with many requiring intensification of therapy over a short period of time. CONCLUSIONS: We report a similar increase in T2DM incidence and clinical presentation at HSC to other clinic reports in large North American urban centres. Of note is the high prevalence of children of South/South-East Asian descent.     

精神科儿少住院患者的42年资料回顾

目的了解从1958年8月本院正式成立儿童精神科以来,42年中儿童住院病人的情况,以掌握及了解儿童和少年精神障碍的发展趋势。方法从1958年8月到2000年9月之间住院的所有病人的病历共1327份,逐一记载所需资料内容,并将所有资料进行分析。结果患儿年龄主要集中在13—14岁,并涉及3—16岁各年龄段。以儿童和少年期最多,文化程度以初中和小学居多。在早期,精神障碍诊断不规范,90年代后,诊断趋于标准化,位于前五位的诊断是：精神分裂症、精神发育迟滞、脑器质性精神障碍、情感性精神障碍、行为障碍。90年代以来,每年住院儿童病人数量均呈增长趋势。结论在住院期间,儿童少年病人既要接受治疗,又需进行儿童间交友训练,而在成人精神科病房,在这一点上不能满足住院患儿的需要,不利于儿童和少年的综合治疗,所以在我院开设儿童青少年病房有重要的意义。     

4409名学生心理健康状况及家庭环境与吸烟行为分析

目的:探讨中学生心理行为特征和心理健康状况及家庭心理环境与中学生吸烟行为的关系.方法:以苏州市4409名初中、高中、职业中学的学生为对象,采用SCL-90、家庭环境量表和自编问题进行问卷调查.结果:反叛性、冒险性强,倾向早熟、毅力差、顺从敏感性高是吸烟的危险因素,而情感调节性和认同敏感性与吸烟无关;吸烟组与对照组SCL-90在总分、阳性项目数、躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性方面的评分均高于对照组,且有统计学意义(P＜0.01);吸烟组在FES-CV中的亲密度、情感表达、知识性、道德宗教观、组织性平均分明显低于对照组(P＜0.01),而在FES-CV的矛盾性的平均分则明显高于对照组(P＜0.01).结论:中学生行为的反叛性、冒险性、早熟性、毅力性和不良心理健康水平是中学生吸烟的危险因素;同时不良家庭关系也是中学生吸烟的危险因素,一个亲密、融洽的家庭环境可能会减少中学生吸烟,而一个矛盾的家庭则可能会增加中学生吸烟.     

Adolescents who make suicide attempts repeatedly

Four hundred and six consecutive suicide attempts made by 15-19 year-old adolescents in 1973-1982 were examined. Two hundred and twenty-six cases were first, 180 repeated suicide attempts. Repeaters came from poorer social situations and less well integrated families than first-timers. Repeaters had many adapting problems typical of personality disorders and had previously been in psychiatric treatment. Their level of adaptive functioning (GAS) and overall functioning (DSM III: s axis V) were poorer than within first-timers. They were not psychotic more often than first-timers and did not make more difficult suicide attempts. Their psychiatric after-care was more intensive and prognosis with regard to subsequent suicide was poorer than within first-timers. At the end of follow-up time (approx. 5 years) 1% of first-timers and 4% of repeaters had committed suicide. Observed-expected ratio for first-timers was 0.58 and for repeaters 1.73.