Effects of population aging on the mortality burden of related cancers in urban and rural areas of China, 2004–2017: a population-based study

Objective: China is a developing country with urban–rural disparities and accelerating population aging. Therefore, quantifying the effects of population aging on the cancer mortality burden is urgently needed.Methods: Using data from China’s death surveillance datasets(2004–2017), we decomposed and quantified the effects of population aging and factor variations on cancer mortality rates in urban and rural China during 2004–2017 through a decomposition method. R ratios were used to assess the e...     

Role of Print and Audiovisual Media in Cervical Cancer Prevention in Bangladesh

Background: Visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid (VIA) is offered at 252 centers in 64 districts ofBangladesh. VIA+ve women are managed at colposcopy clinics of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University(BSMMU) and 14 Medical College Hospitals (MCHs). This research work has been supported by ‘UICC CancerPrevention Campaign’ programme. Objectives: This study explored the role of print materials and electronicmedia to improve cervical cancer screening in the present socio-cultural context of Bangladesh. Methods: Thisstudy was performed from January to August 2011 at two upazilas of Bangladesh (Singair with screening facilityand Sonargaon without screening facility). Data were collected by focus group discussion (FGD) with women,husbands and community people before and after intervention. Information on cervical cancer screening and VIAcamps was disseminated using advertisement through local cable line of the television, microphone announcement,service providers and leaflet throughout the week prior to a VIA camp. Three-day VIA camps were organized atthe upazila health complex (UHC) of both upazilas. Quantitative data was gathered from women at the campson source of information on VIA and the best method of awareness creation. Results: The population was awareof “cancer” and a notable number knew about cervical cancer. Baseline awareness on prevention and VIA waslow and it was negligible where screening services were unavailable. Awareness was increased fourfold in bothupazilas after interventions and half of the women and the majority of the community people became aware ofscreening and available facilities. Cable line advertisement (25.5%), microphone announcement (21.4%), anddiscussion sessions (20.4%) were effective for awareness creation on VIA. Television was mentioned as the bestmethod (37.4%) of awareness creation. Conclusion: Television should be used for nation-wide awareness creation.For local awareness creation, cable line advertisement, microphone announcements and health education atUthan Baithaks/ EPI sessions can easily be adopted by the government.     

2015年中国恶性肿瘤流行情况分析

  目的  了解北京市城区上消化道癌高危人群内镜筛查依从性及其影响因素,为制定相关健康管理策略提供参考依据。   方法  于2016年9月 — 2020年3月采用整群抽样方法对北京市东城、西城、朝阳、海淀、丰台和石景山共6个城区的北京城市癌症早诊早治项目点的73 240名40 ～ 69岁北京市户籍居民进行了问卷调查,评估出上消化道癌高危人群于定点医院接受内镜筛查,分析高危人群的内镜筛查依从性及其影响因素。   结果  北京市73 240名城区居民中,有16 862人被评估为上消化道癌高危人群,高危率为23.0 %;16 862名上消化道癌高危人群中,有2 004人接受了内镜筛查,依从率为11.9 %;多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥ 50岁、高中/中专及以上文化程度、有精神创伤或压抑情绪、有上消化道疾病史、有癌症家族史、日常饮食为烫热食物、家庭做饭时有少许或较多油烟的北京市城区上消化道癌高危人群内镜筛查依从性较好,目前吸烟和经常体育锻炼的北京市城区上消化道癌高危人群内镜筛查依从性较差。   结论  北京市城区上消化道癌高危人群的内镜筛查依从率较低,年龄、文化程度、有无精神创伤或压抑情绪、有无上消化道疾病史、有无癌症家族史、目前吸烟情况、是否经常体育锻炼、日常饮食冷热程度和家庭做饭时油烟情况是该地区城区上消化道癌高危人群内镜筛查依从性的主要影响因素。     

Growth of infants during the first 18 months of life in urban and rural areas of southern China

OBJECTIVE: Observe the growth pattern of infants from birth to 18 months. METHODOLOGY: A prospective study was conducted from 1994 to 1996 in urban and township-rural areas of Guangdong Province, southern China, recruiting 568 and 257 newborn infants, respectively. Anthropometric data was collected at birth, 1.5, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, and 18 months. RESULTS: The urban infants at birth had Z-scores of weight for age (WAZ), height for age (HAZ) and weight for height (WHZ) below the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) median (P < 0.01). However, from 1.5 to 4 months, the WAZ and WHZ scores were above (P < 0.01), but by 7 months fell and remained at - 0.7 to - 0.8 SD below the NCHS median (P < 0.01). HAZ scores improved after birth, were at the NCHS median to 8 months (P = NS), and then decreased to 0.2-0.4 SD below the NCHS median (P < 0.01). Compared with the urban infants, the township-rural infants were lighter and shorter throughout the first 18 months of life, and from 8 months of age, were - 1 SD or more below the NCHS median. CONCLUSIONS: Growth retardation was found in this sample of Chinese infants. The magnitude of growth retardation was greater for infants in the township-rural area compared with those in the urban area.     

'Opportunity structures': urban landscape,social capital and health promotion in Australia

This paper presents data from 40 in-depth interviews that were conducted as part of a study of social capital and health in relation to people's perceptions of the influence of 'place' on their participation levels and health. These data were used to examine features of the western suburbs of Adelaide that were perceived as health damaging and health promoting. The paper demonstrates that our Australian suburban respondents expressed a considerable concern about these features and the impact they have on their perception of community and their ability to participate in it. Safety, connectedness to the area, the reputation of an area and the extent and nature of community facilities are all seen as important to a healthy community. The research found that in the more deprived socioeconomic areas within the study area, there was a significant degree of dissatisfaction with features of the urban environment, such as availability of amenities, provision of public transport, and proximity of industry to private dwellings. The paper concludes by considering certain features of urban environments that might make them more supportive of health through encouraging contact between people. We conclude that these environments could be improved using the following measures: a subsidy scheme to support the viability of local shops and cafés (thereby providing meeting places and employment); parks with facilitators (who could play a role in increasing safety in the park but also encouraging community development); attractive places to walk; and a general environmental improvement program.     

Increasing incidence of Crohn's disease in Victorian children

BACKGROUND: The incidence of Crohn's disease has been increasing in Western communities, but there are no published studies which have examined this change in children in Australia. The centralization of pediatric gastroenterology services in Victoria provides an opportunity to examine these changes within one state. METHODS: We undertook a retrospective study over a 31-year period of all children aged 16 years or less initially diagnosed with Crohn's disease at either the Royal Children's Hospital, or Monash Medical Center, Melbourne, Victoria. RESULTS: We identified 351 patients who met the diagnostic criteria between 1971 and 2001. The incidence of Crohn's disease in children aged 16 years or less rose from 0.128 to 2.0 per 100,000 per year over the three decades (r = 0.964, P < 0.01). There was a disproportionate over-representation of children from an urban background (incidence rate ratio 1.66, 95% CI 1.28-2.16). Children currently being diagnosed had on average a lower erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and higher albumin than in previous decades. The use of flexible endoscopy has increased markedly (1970s: 60%; 1990s: 96%, P < 0.05) and the proportion of children recognized at diagnosis with upper gastrointestinal and colonic involvement has increased significantly. CONCLUSION: There has been a significant increase in the incidence of Crohn's disease in Victorian children. The pattern of disease has also changed with colonic disease now more frequent, and inflammatory indices less abnormal. The increased use of endoscopy has established the frequent involvement of the upper gastrointestinal tract.     

76例无痛性上消化道出血相关因素分析

目的探讨黔东南地区无痛性上消化道出血与病因、性别、年龄、城乡地域差别等相关因素的关系。方法对2004年1月-2006年12月间收治的623例UGB中76例无痛者临床资料进行统计学分析。结果1．胃溃疡、十二指肠球部溃疡、急性胃粘膜病变、慢性胃炎等为无痛性上消化道出血主要病因，消化性溃疡居首位，在活动性出血病因中也占绝大多数。2．男性上消化道出血及无痛者较女性多见，男性中无痛者占12．58％，女性中无痛者占11．29％，P〉0．05。3．青年组上消化道出血中无痛者占8．33％，中年组占10．11％，老年组占20．12％，P〈0．05。4．乡村病员上消化道出血中无痛者占15．62％，城镇病员中占6．19％，P〈0．05。结论消化性溃疡是无痛性上消化道出血的最主要病因。病因、性别、年龄、城乡差别等为无痛性上消化道出血的相关因素。     

武汉城区鼠类调查研究

目的了解武汉城区居民住宅、一般单位、重点单位室内家栖鼠种群构成。方法室内布放鼠笼,以火腿肠或花生米为诱饵捕捉家栖鼠,捕获的家栖鼠送实验室统一编号、称重,记录鼠种、成幼及捕获地点。结果共捕鼠393只,褐家鼠、黄胸鼠、小家鼠分别占50.64%,43.00%和6.36%。重点单位褐家鼠为优势种,占68.21%。居民住宅和一般单位的黄胸鼠较多,分别占55.49%和53.85%。褐家鼠、黄胸鼠、小家鼠幼成鼠比例分别为1∶1.29,1∶0.58和1∶5.25。捕获25~125 g的褐家鼠,15~75 g的黄胸鼠及10~14 g的小家鼠较多。结论武汉城区重点单位以褐家鼠为主,而居民住宅和一般单位黄胸鼠比例较高。     

Risk factors for deaths in under-age-five children attending a diarrhoea treatment centre

Few case-control studies have examined possible risk factors for diarrhoeal deaths in under-age-five children in the developing countries. We analysed data from the surveillance system of our diarrhoea treatment centre/hospital for the period 1990-94 on 928 children less than 5 years of age. In univariate analysis, 11 factors were significantly associated with death: lack of breastfeeding, severe malnutrition, complicated diarrhoea, pneumonia, xerophthalmia, duration of diarrhoea 7-14 days, moderate or severe dehydration, recent history of measles, Shigella flexneri infection, maternal illiteracy, and very low household income. Rotavirus diarrhoea was negatively associated with fatal outcome. In the assessment of severe malnutrition, weight-for-height measurement discriminated mortality risk better than weight-for-age or height-for-age indices. Only two factors retained their significance, severe malnutrition and non-breastfeeding in the multivariate analysis with adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 84.2 (9.1, 775.9) and 4.2 (1.3, 13.2) respectively.