参附注射液对肠缺血-再灌注大鼠肿瘤坏死因子α的影响

目的观察肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)在大鼠肠缺血-再灌注损伤过程中的作用及参附注射液对TNF-α的影响,探讨参附注射液防治肠缺血-再灌注损伤机制。方法 SD大鼠随机分为肠缺血-再灌注组(IR组)、参附注射液预处理组(SF组)和假手术组(C组)。采用阻断肠系膜上动脉(SMA)的方法制造肠缺血-再灌注模型。分别测定各组动物血浆、肠组织TNF-α含量及血液动力学变化;光镜观察肠粘膜损伤情况。结果IR组再灌注后MAP下降,与C组和SF组比有显著性差异(P<0.01);SF组肠粘膜损伤程度减轻,与IR组比有显著性差异(P<0.01);SF组血浆及肠组织TNF-α水平降低,与IR组比有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论参附注射液可明显防治大鼠肠缺血-再灌注导致的肠粘膜损伤,这种作用可能是通过抑制TNF-α的释放实现的。     

闭合复位空心钉治疗中老年股骨颈骨折后股骨头坏死的多元相关研究

目的探讨影响闭合复位空心钉治疗中老年股骨颈骨折后股骨头坏死的相关因素及其多元关系。方法对1999年5月～2004年5月间收治的300例中老年股骨颈骨折患者进行回顾性分析,所有患者均行闭合复位空心钉固定。对随访资料完整的99例患者资料运用SPSS10．0软件进行统计学分析,即对其年龄、性别、骨折类型、复位时间、复位质量、完全负重时间、内固定是否取出及术前是否行牵引等因素进行多因素分析。结果99例患者获平均24．5个月(8～60个月)随访。15例出现股骨头坏死,坏死率为15．2%,发生坏死的时间为术后8～50个月。由复位质量、术前牵引、年龄及年龄×取出内固定构成的多因素组对股骨颈骨折后股骨头坏死的影响最显著。结论闭合复位质量对股骨颈骨折预后的影响程度极大；不良位置的术前牵引可能加重股骨头坏死；年龄在多因素共同影响中的相对危险度不大；Garden分型是判断股骨颈骨折后股骨头坏死的一项重要指标,与骨折复位质量具有相关性,但其并非是多因素共同影响下造成股骨头坏死的危险因素。     

Inflammatory biomarkers in blood of patients with acute brain ischemia

Although many failed surrogate markers are provided in the literature, inflammation may contribute to the outcome of ischemic stroke. In 50 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke, in the absence of symptoms and signs of concomitant infection, we evaluated a panel of biomarkers reported to be variably associated with brain ischemia, and correlate their serum level with the brain lesion volume and clinical outcome. Infarct size was calculated on computed tomography (CT) scans by means of the Cavalieri's method. Neurological impairment was scored by using the Glasgow Coma Scale, Glasgow Outcome Scale and National Institutes of Health (NIH) scales at stroke onset and 3-month follow-up. Some markers showed a direct significant correlation with both initial and final NIH scale and with infarct size, particularly tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) (P=0.002), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (P<0.01) and matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 (P=0.001). In contrast to previous reports, interleukin-6 (IL-6) serum level showed a significant inverse correlation with both final neurological impairment and infarct size (P<0.001). This novel finding allows us suggesting that IL-6, in the context of a complex pro-inflammatory network occurring during stroke, is associated with neuroprotection rather than neurotoxicity in patients with ischemic brain injury.     

Partial resection of distal humerus and reconstruction using autogenous iliac bone graft

Summary Seven patients with eccentrically placed tumours of the distal end of the humerus treated with partial resection and autogenous iliac bone grafting are reported. The functional results are discussed.

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Résumé Présentation de sept cas de tumeurs situées à l'extrémité distale de l'humérus et traitées par résection limitée et reconstruction par autogreffe lilaque. Discussion des résultats fonctionnels.

     

Local blood flow changes in malignant brain tumours under induced hypertension

Summary Changes in tumour blood flow under an induced hypertensive state were examined in malignant brain tumours to know if the precondition for the effectiveness of induced hypertensive chemotherapy — relative increase in tumour blood flow — are fulfilled. Tumour blood flow was measured under both a resting and an induced hypertensive state in 12 patients with various malignant brain tumours (6 gliomas, 6 metastatic brain tumours) using xenon-enhanced computed tomography. The blood pressure was elevated 40% above the systemic blood pressure of the resting state by the infusion of angiotensin II. Tumour blood flow increased 30% on average above the normal brain tissue blood flow after the induction of an induced hypertensive state (p < 0.05). The tumour blood flow increased in 11 cases of malignant tumours, but decreased in one case with massive brain oedema after induced hypertension. The increase in blood flow was higher in hypervascular tumours and less in hypovascular tumours. Therefore, induced hypertensive chemotherapy probably will be more effective in hypervascular malignant brain tumours with small mass effects.     

Partially Reversible Chronic Renal Failure Due to Long-term Use of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

A case of partially reversible chronic renal failure due tolong-term NSAID use is discussed. An analysis of this and similarcases recently reported indicates many similarities betweenchronic NSAID nephropathy and analgesic nephropathy.     

Pemphigus Vulgaris Associated with Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia and Elevated TNFα

A 76-year-old female was admitted with many bullae and erythema on her trunk and extremities. A biopsy specimen showed significant intercellular edema in the lower epidermis and eosinophilic infiltration into the dermis and the epidermis. Immunofluorescent staining revealed the deposition of IgG in the intercellular area of her prickle cells. From these histologic findings and the typical clinical features, we diagnosed her as having pemphigus vulgaris. Examination of her blood revealed that she also suffered from autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Despite intensive treatment with prednisolone, she finally died. This case is of interest because of its rarity and the TNFα detected significantly in the blister fluid of this patient.     

Nodular hyperplasia surrounding fibrolamellar carcinoma

We report a case of acetaminophen-induced liver necrosis in a 14-year-old girl. At autopsy, a 9 cm subcapsular nodule was present in the right lobe of the liver which showed distinct zonation: a central greyish white area of fibrolamellar carcinoma with a peripheral fleshy, tan-coloured rim ranging from 1 to 2 cm in thickness. This peripheral zone consisted of nodular, hyperplastic parenchyma resembling the changes seen in focal nodular hyperplasia, and stood out from the adjacent necrotic parenchyma. The sparing of this zone from the deleterious effects of acetaminophen provides indirect evidence of a predominantly arterial rather than portal blood supply to this region. The arterial supply was most probably derived from the tumour vasculature and may explain the parenchymal hyperplasia sometimes reported adjacent to a fibrolamellar carcinoma. Awareness of this phenomenon is essential when evaluating a needle biopsy, as sampling of this region may lead to a false negative diagnosis.     

中西医结合治疗股骨头缺血性坏死

股骨头缺血性坏死是世界骨科难题之一。作者致力于中草药治疗本病的研究三十多年，近来又在手术治疗方面倾注心血，对该病的防治、康复创立了一整套中西医结合新方法，取得了满意效果。自１９８２年以来，共治疗各种股骨头坏死１１０１例，其中单纯中医治疗４３３例，手术配合中药治疗６６８例。按作者制定的百分评分法，总有效率９８％，优良率８４％，无一例需再作人工关节置换术。