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51.
Yuan Lin Haipeng Zhang Jiankai Liang Kai Li Wenbo Zhu Liwu Fu Fang Wang Xiaoke Zheng Huijuan Shi Sihan Wu Xiao Xiao Lijun Chen Lipeng Tang Min Yan Xiaoxiao Yang Yaqian Tan Pengxin Qiu Yijun Huang Wei Yin Xinwen Su Haiyan Hu Jun Hu Guangmei Yan 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2014,111(42):E4504-E4512
Oncolytic virotherapy is a growing treatment modality that uses replicating viruses as selective antineoplastic agents. Safety and efficacy considerations dictate that an ideal oncolytic agent would discriminate between normal and cancer cells on the basis of common genetic abnormalities in human cancers. Here, we identify a naturally occurring alphavirus (M1) as a novel selective killer targeting zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP)-deficient cancer cells. In vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo studies showed potent oncolytic efficacy and high tumor tropism of M1. We showed that the selectivity depends on ZAP deficiency by systematic identification. A large-scale multicenter pathology study using tissue microarrays reveals that ZAP is commonly deficient in human cancers, suggesting extensive application prospects for M1. Additionally, M1 killed cancer cells by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis. Our report provides novel insights into potentially personalized cancer therapy using oncolytic viruses.Despite advances in cancer therapy over the past few decades, cancer is still a major health problem all over the world (1). One innovative class of targeted anticancer strategies is the use of replicating oncolytic viruses with selective tropism for cancerous cells and tissues (2, 3). The tumor selectivity of oncolytic virus is primarily based on the genetic abnormalities of malignant cells, including innate immune defects, aberrant oncogenic signaling, and tumor-specific receptors (4–6). The thriving viruses in tumor cells may lead to direct cell lysis, anticancer immune response, or modulation of tumor vasculature (3, 7). Moreover, some of the cancer-targeted multimechanistic oncolytic viruses have been proven to be well-tolerated in clinical trials, with patients exhibiting only mild flu-like symptoms, offering great potential for increasing efficacy while eliminating the side effects (8). To date, several oncolytic viruses have been tested in preclinical and clinical trials, of which the milestone is a pivotal phase III trial using talimogene laherparepvec for unresected melanoma (2, 3, 9). Although a few therapeutic viruses are performing well in clinical trials, not all patients showed good response. Novel oncolytic viruses that grow better in some cancer cells in a predictable manner remain to be discovered for potentially personalized cancer therapy.M1 is a strain of Getah-like alphavirus that was isolated from culicine mosquitoes collected on Hainan Island of China (10, 11). Getah virus is transmitted mainly among horses and pigs, and it has not been linked to human illness (12–14). Also, M1 does not cause apparent disease symptoms in mice or rats, even on administration of doses up to 3 × 107 pfu per mouse or 3 × 108 pfu per rat. Earlier, we reported that M1 induces apoptosis in glioma cells (10). Thus, we hypothesized that an apathogenic cancer cell-killing virus could be a candidate for systemic oncolytic therapy.In this study, we sought to investigate the anticancer effectiveness and tumor tropism of M1 and uncover the mechanisms, aiming to identify a candidate for personalized oncolytic virotherapy. 相似文献
52.
转化医学是近年来新兴的医学研究模式,其核心理念是将基础研究和临床进行统一和结合。《细菌学检验》是检验专业重要的专业课。本教研室在转化医学理念的指导下,对理论和实验教学进行教学改革,重点培养检验系学生的临床实践操作能力。本文介绍了该课程目前理论教学、实验教学和教师方面存在的问题,并在转化医学理念的指导下进行教学改革的具体方法,提高了教学质量,培养出兼具动手和分析能力,毕业即能胜任临床细菌学检验工作的人才。 相似文献
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Supiano MA Alessi C Chernoff R Goldberg A Morley JE Schmader KE Shay K;GRECC Directors Association 《Journal of the American Geriatrics Society》2012,60(7):1347-1356
Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Centers (GRECCs) originated in 1975 in response to the rapidly aging veteran population. Since its inception, the GRECC program has made major contributions to the advancement of aging research, geriatric training, and clinical care within and outside the VA. GRECCs were created to conduct translational research to enhance the clinical care of future aging generations. GRECC training programs also provide leadership in educating healthcare providers about the special needs of older persons. GRECC programs are also instrumental in establishing robust clinical geriatric and aging research programs at their affiliated university schools of medicine. This report identifies how the GRECC program has successfully adapted to changes that have occurred in VA since 1994, when the program's influence on U.S. geriatrics was last reported, focusing on its effect on advancing clinical geriatrics in the last 10?years. This evidence supports the conclusion that, after more than 30?years, the GRECC program remains a vibrant "jewel in the crown of the VA" and is poised to make contributions to aging research and clinical geriatrics well into the future. 相似文献
57.
Maarten J. Van Den Bossche Mojca Strazisar Sophia Cammaerts Anthony M. Liekens Geert Vandeweyer Veerle Depreeuw Maria Mattheijssens An‐Sofie Lenaerts Sonia De Zutter Peter De Rijk Bernard Sabbe Jurgen Del‐Favero 《American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics》2013,162(3):273-282
Over the last years, genome‐wide studies consistently showed an increased burden of rare copy number variants (CNVs) in schizophrenia patients, supporting the “common disease, rare variant” hypothesis in at least a subset of patients. We hypothesize that in families with a high burden of disease, and thus probably a high genetic load influencing disease susceptibility, rare CNVs might be involved in the etiology of schizophrenia. We performed a genome‐wide CNV analysis in the index patients of eight families with multiple schizophrenia affected members, and consecutively performed a detailed family analysis for the most relevant CNVs. One index patient showed a DRD5 containing duplication. A second index patient presented with an NRXN1 containing deletion and two adjacent duplications containing MYT1L and SNTG2. Detailed analysis in the subsequent families showed segregation of the identified CNVs. With this study we show the importance of screening high burden families for rare CNVs, which will not only broaden our knowledge concerning the molecular genetic mechanisms involved in schizophrenia but also allow the use of the obtained genetic data to provide better clinical care to these families in general and to non‐symptomatic causal CNV carriers in particular. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
58.
Lars Burdorf Christopher T. Laird Donald G. Harris Margaret R. Connolly Zahra Habibabady Emily Redding Natalie A. O'Neill Arielle Cimeno Dawn Parsell Carol Phelps David Ayares Agnes M. Azimzadeh Richard N. Pierson 《American journal of transplantation》2022,22(1):28-45
Galactosyl transferase knock-out pig lungs fail rapidly in baboons. Based on previously identified lung xenograft injury mechanisms, additional expression of human complement and coagulation pathway regulatory proteins, anti-inflammatory enzymes and self-recognition receptors, and knock-down of the β4Gal xenoantigen were tested in various combinations. Transient life-supporting GalTKO.hCD46 lung function was consistently observed in association with either hEPCR (n = 15), hTBM (n = 4), or hEPCR.hTFPI (n = 11), but the loss of vascular barrier function in the xenograft and systemic inflammation in the recipient typically occurred within 24 h. Co-expression of hEPCR and hTBM (n = 11) and additionally blocking multiple pro-inflammatory innate and adaptive immune mechanisms was more consistently associated with survival >1 day, with one recipient surviving for 31 days. Combining targeted genetic modifications to the lung xenograft with selective innate and adaptive immune suppression enables prolonged initial life-supporting lung function and extends lung xenograft recipient survival, and illustrates residual barriers and candidate treatment strategies that may enable the clinical application of other organ xenografts. 相似文献
59.
In Vivo Mobilization and Functional Characterization of Nonhuman Primate Monocytic Myeloid‐Derived Suppressor Cells
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A. F. Zahorchak M. B. Ezzelarab L. Lu H. R. Turnquist A. W. Thomson 《American journal of transplantation》2016,16(2):661-671
60.
L. L. Kenney L. D. Shultz D. L. Greiner M. A. Brehm 《American journal of transplantation》2016,16(2):389-397
Our understanding of the molecular pathways that control immune responses, particularly immunomodulatory molecules that control the extent and duration of an immune response, have led to new approaches in the field of transplantation immunology to induce allograft survival. These molecular pathways are being defined precisely in murine models and translated into clinical practice; however, many of the newly available drugs are human‐specific reagents. Furthermore, many species‐specific differences exist between mouse and human immune systems. Recent advances in the development of humanized mice, namely, immunodeficient mice engrafted with functional human immune systems, have led to the availability of a small animal model for the study of human immune responses. Humanized mice represent an important preclinical model system for evaluation of new drugs and identification of the mechanisms underlying human allograft rejection without putting patients at risk. This review highlights recent advances in the development of humanized mice and their use as preclinical models for the study of human allograft responses. 相似文献