Thymic carcinoids in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1

Teh BT (Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). Thymic carcinoids in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (Minisymposium: MEN & VHL). J Intern Med 1998; 243 : 501–4.
Thymic carcinoid is a rare malignancy with about 150 cases reported to date. It is associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1), but compared with other MEN-1-related neoplasia little is known about it. We have recently described and studied 20 MEN-1-related cases and found that up to 25% of all reported thymic carcinoids are MEN-1 related. It is an insidious tumour not associated with Cushing's syndrome or carcinoid syndrome. Local invasion, recurrence and distant metastasis are common with no known effective treatment. Its male predominance, the absence of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in the MEN1 region, clustering in some MEN-1 families and the findings of different MEN1 mutations in these clustered families suggest the involvement of additional aetiological factors. We propose that computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the chest should be included as part of the clinical workup for all MEN-1 patients. Prophylactic thymectomy should be considered during subtotal or total parathyroidectomy on MEN-1 patients to reduce the risk of this malignancy.     

21例重症肌无力外科治疗体会

目的评价外科治疗重症肌无力（MG）的效果,探讨影响术后肌无力危象发生及治疗效果的因素。方法回顾我院2000-2007年外科治疗21例重症肌无力患者的临床资料,对其疗效及影响术后肌无力危象发生及影响治疗效果的因素进行分析。结果重症肌无力的症状完全缓解有5例（23.8％）部分缓解14例（66.7％）无效1例（4.8％）,死亡1例（4.8％）。病程长短、Osserman分型和胸腺的病理类型是术后肌无力危象发生的相关危险因素,治疗效果与病程、Osserman临床分型有关。结论外科治疗重症肌无力有良好的效果及可行性。     

胸腔镜胸腺扩大切除治疗重症肌无力及围术期处理

目的：总结胸腔镜胸腺扩大切除治疗重症肌无力及围术期处理。方法：2000年1月至2007年8月胸腺扩大切除治疗重症肌无力102例,分为常规正中开胸手术组（常规组）和胸腔镜手术组（胸腔镜组）,两组各51例,比较分析两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、危象发生率、术后住院时间及术后1年总有效率。术前正确处理合并症及控制肌无力症状,术中完整切除胸腺并清扫前纵膈脂肪,术后联合使用激素、胆碱酯酶抑制剂及血浆交换疗法防治肌无力危象。结果：全组患者无手术及住院死亡,两组患者手术时间［分别为（128.14±34.82）,（130.46±28.71） min］和术后1年总有效率（分别为85.8%,87.2%）比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。常规组术中失血量、术后引流量、危象发生率及术后住院天数［（93.77±21.64） mL,（174.65±39.18） mL,7.84%,（14.23±3.17） d］均高于胸腔镜组［（45.42±10.96） mL,（101.33±28.76） mL,1.96%,（8.37±1.18） d］,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：胸腔镜胸腺扩大切除治疗重症肌无力安全有效、手术创伤小、失血少,结合细致的围术期处理,能减少术后危象的发生,血浆交换是治疗术后危象的有效方法。     

Resuture using Shirodkar tape for sternal dehiscence after extended thymectomy via median sternotomy

Sternal dehiscence is one complication after median sternotomy. We followed a patient with sternal dehiscence for 6 months after extended thymectomy via median sternotomy. His diagnosis was myasthenia gravis without thymoma and with complicating diabetes mellitus. Sixteen days after the operation chest radiography revealed that one of six sternal wires was cut, although sternal dehiscence was not apparent. Six months after the operation, chest radiography revealed that five of six wires were cut. The patient experienced sternal dehiscence, could not cough, and felt pain at the median wound site. We implemented a resuture technique of the sternum using Shirodkar tape for postoperative sternal dehiscence. After the second operation, sternal dehiscence was not apparent. He was able to cough and had no respiratory deficiency. One year after the second operation, chest computed tomography revealed no sternal dehiscence. Shirodkar tape is extremely useful and is low in price.