全文获取类型
收费全文 | 101763篇 |
免费 | 9393篇 |
国内免费 | 3548篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 671篇 |
儿科学 | 2262篇 |
妇产科学 | 1239篇 |
基础医学 | 6916篇 |
口腔科学 | 588篇 |
临床医学 | 14187篇 |
内科学 | 22384篇 |
皮肤病学 | 787篇 |
神经病学 | 5904篇 |
特种医学 | 3927篇 |
外国民族医学 | 12篇 |
外科学 | 10813篇 |
综合类 | 17904篇 |
现状与发展 | 9篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 7845篇 |
眼科学 | 994篇 |
药学 | 9565篇 |
118篇 | |
中国医学 | 5919篇 |
肿瘤学 | 2659篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 399篇 |
2023年 | 1631篇 |
2022年 | 3153篇 |
2021年 | 4462篇 |
2020年 | 4430篇 |
2019年 | 3663篇 |
2018年 | 3416篇 |
2017年 | 3988篇 |
2016年 | 4221篇 |
2015年 | 3719篇 |
2014年 | 6564篇 |
2013年 | 7373篇 |
2012年 | 5606篇 |
2011年 | 5965篇 |
2010年 | 4884篇 |
2009年 | 4745篇 |
2008年 | 4777篇 |
2007年 | 4981篇 |
2006年 | 4661篇 |
2005年 | 3958篇 |
2004年 | 3138篇 |
2003年 | 2887篇 |
2002年 | 2509篇 |
2001年 | 2282篇 |
2000年 | 1923篇 |
1999年 | 1623篇 |
1998年 | 1426篇 |
1997年 | 1338篇 |
1996年 | 1218篇 |
1995年 | 1143篇 |
1994年 | 1015篇 |
1993年 | 843篇 |
1992年 | 860篇 |
1991年 | 706篇 |
1990年 | 604篇 |
1989年 | 534篇 |
1988年 | 515篇 |
1987年 | 452篇 |
1986年 | 385篇 |
1985年 | 429篇 |
1984年 | 383篇 |
1983年 | 248篇 |
1982年 | 335篇 |
1981年 | 241篇 |
1980年 | 211篇 |
1979年 | 216篇 |
1978年 | 185篇 |
1977年 | 132篇 |
1976年 | 105篇 |
1975年 | 87篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 10 毫秒
61.
Abstract One hundred eighty-one consecutive patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) presenting in a 2-year period were reviewed. In this cohort we examined the impact of pretransplant renal failure on mortality and morbidity following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTx). Twenty-seven patients (18 female, 9 male) with a median age of 43.5 years (range 19–65 years) underwent OLTx. FHF was due to idiosyncratic drug reaction ( n = 4), paracetamol overdose ( n = 3), seronegative hepatitis ( n = 17), hepatitis B ( n = 1), veno-occlusive disease ( n = 1), and Wilson's disease ( n = 1). Renal failure was present in 14 patients, 7 of whom died (whereas there was 100 % survival in patients without renal failure). Pretransplant renal failure was associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation (13 days vs 6 days, P = 0.05), prolonged intensive care stay (17 days vs 8 days, P - 0.01) and prolonged hospital stay (27 vs 21 days, P = NS). Pretransplant renal failure did not predict renal dysfunction at 1 year after OLTx. We conclude that the survival of patients transplanted for FHF is inferior to that of patients transplanted for chronic liver disease (67 % vs 88 % 1-year survival in Birmingham). For patients with FHF undergoing transplantation, pretransplant renal failure strongly predicts poor outcome with significantly greater consumption of resources. 相似文献
62.
大鼠肝细胞Ⅰ,Ⅲ型前胶原基因表达及PDGF的影响 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
目的观察大鼠肝细胞Ⅰ,Ⅲ型前胶原基因的表达及PDGF对其表达的影响.方法应用原位杂交技术检测分离培养的SD大鼠肝细胞(n=30)内Ⅰ,Ⅲ型前胶原基因的表达.同时观察10μg/L(n=30)和30μg/L(n=30)PDGF促进前胶原基因表达的作用.测定基因表达颗粒总面积占细胞总面积的百分比,并作比较分析.结果无论正常肝细胞或是在两种浓度的PDGF存在时,肝细胞内均可见到Ⅰ,Ⅲ型前胶原基因的表达.正常肝细胞Ⅰ,Ⅲ型前胶原基因表达面积的百分比(%)为77±19和75±21;加10μg/LPDGF后为115±19和112±10,而加30μg/L后为152±34及181±28,且在后者中表达明显增强(P<005及P<001).结论PDGF在转录水平上促进肝细胞胶原的合成. 相似文献
63.
Jan E. Zejda Thomas S. Hurst Ernest M. Barber Charles Rhodes James A. Dosman 《American journal of industrial medicine》1993,23(5):743-750
A cross-sectional survey on respiratory health in swine producers showed that 30% of 301 examined men usually used a dust mask when working inside a barn. They did not differ significantly from dust mask nonusers in respect to respiratory symptoms and lung function. This analysis was undertaken to determine whether the respiratory health of dust mask users was associated with reasons why they had started individual respiratory protection. The subjects were recontacted in order to identify those who started using a mask to deliberately prevent symptoms (42 men) and those who started protection because of pre-existing respiratory symptoms (44 men). Not unexpectedly, betweengroup comparisons of respiratory symptoms and lung function suggest that swine producers who wear dust masks for preventive purposes have better respiratory health than those who wear dust masks because of symptoms or those who do not use individual respiratory protection. The individual reasons for starting dust mask usage should be examined among potential determinants of the outcomes of prospective studies which can then provide more valid assessment of the effect of individual respiratory protection. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
64.
Dennis J. Murphy 《Drug development research》1994,32(4):237-246
The known effects of drugs from a variety of pharmacologic/therapeutic classes on the respiratory system and worldwide regulatory requirements support the need for conducting respiratory evaluations in safety pharmacology. The objective of these studies is to evaluate the potential for drugs to cause secondary pharmacologic or toxicologic effects that influence respiratory function. Changes in respiratory function can result either from alterations in the pumping apparatus that controls the pattern of pulmonary ventilation or from changes in the mechanical properties of the lung that determine the transpulmonary pressures (work) required for lung inflation and deflation. Defects in the pumping apparatus are classified as hypo- or hyperventilation syndromes and are evaluated by examining ventilatory parameters in a conscious animal model. The ventilatory parameters include respiratory rate, tidal volume, minute volume, peak (or mean) inspiratory flow, peak (or mean) expiratory flow, and fractional inspiratory time. Defects in mechanical properties of the lung are classified as obstructive or restrictive disorders and can be evaluated in animal models by performing flow-volume and pressure-volume maneuvers, respectively. The parameters used to detect airway obstruction include peak expiratory flow, forced expiratory flow at 25 and 75% of forced vital capacity, and a timed forced expiratory volume, while the parameters used to detect lung restriction include total lung capacity, inspiratory capacity, functional residual capacity, and compliance. Measurement of dynamic lung resistance and compliance, obtained continuously during tidal breathing, is an alternative method for evaluating obstructive and restrictive disorders, respectively, and is used when the response to drug treatment is expected to be immediate (within minutes post-dose). The species used in the safety pharmacology studies conducted in our laboratory are the same as those used in toxicology studies since pharmacokinetic and toxicologic/pathologic data are available in these species. These data can be used to help select test measurement intervals and doses and to aid in the interpretation of functional change. The techniques and procedures for measuring respiratory function parameters are well established in guinea pigs, rats, and dogs. 相似文献
65.
66.
职业接触氯乙烯对生殖功能影响的调查 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Huang Mei-yuan Institute of Occupational Medicine Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine Beijing 《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》1994,12(1):12-15
对全国12个城市中13个聚氯乙烯制造工厂中2736名接触氯乙烯的工人及3442名对照厂工人,进行了生殖功能的流行病学调查研究,结果表明,接触氯乙烯男、女工人的各项生殖结局指标与对照组比较无显著性差异,但女工氯乙烯接触组妊娠合并症的发生率明显高于对照组,表明氯乙烯对女工的妊娠过程有一定影响,因此积极改善劳动条件,不仅对保护工人健康,而且对保护其子代的正常发育成长也有重要意义。 相似文献
67.
高频电磁场对工人行为功能的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
采用世界卫生组织推荐的神经行为核心测试组合(WHO-NCTB),对高频作业工人41名(平均工龄13.9a(年)及年龄、性别、文化程度与接触组相匹配的对照组工人39名(平均工龄13.3a)分别进行了行为功能测试。结果表明高频作业工人部分情感状态得分和某些行为功能得分与对照组相比差异有显著性。长期接触高频电磁场可能引起工人情感状态改变,记忆力减退、注意力分散及心理运动稳定度下降。 相似文献
68.
过度训练的病理生理及康复 Ⅰ.大鼠过度训练模型的建立 总被引:16,自引:1,他引:15
实验表明,运用大鼠跑台运动,以心电图、体重、饮食量、精神状况、毛发脱落、尿蛋白、血清睾酮、皮质醇等为监测指标建立大鼠过度训练模型的方法是可行的。本文并首次模拟出大鼠运动性心律失常心电图。 相似文献
69.
L. Tsai Å. Pousette K. Carlström M. Askenberger C. Johansson 《Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports》1992,2(1):10-15
A 2-week training period 2000 meters above sea level performed by 6 male elite Swedish runners influenced neither basal anabolic (total and non-sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)-bound testosterone (NST) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) nor catabolic (cortisol) hormones when comparing serum levels prior to and after the training camp. The anabolic vs catabolic hormone balance, expressed as the NST: cortisol ratio, also remained unchanged as well as SHBG and body mass. Thus, training at 2000 meters above sea level, often practised by elite runners to improve performance in competition at sea level, does not result in a catabolic situation after return to sea level, as measured by peripheral hormones. However, the adaptation to high altitude was associated with a slight (NS) decrease in testosterone as well as in anabolic vs catabolic balance as measured the third day at high altitude. Simultaneously, a decrease in subjective performance was claimed by the runners, but could not be shown by objective measurements. From day 3 to day 9 at high altitude, all runners claimed a subjective recuperation of performance. Total and non-SHBG-bound testosterone increased significantly from day 3 at high altitude to the first post-camp sea-level test. The results reflect the necessity of adaptation when travelling to races at different altitudes. The Swedish runners had significantly higher cortisol, total testosterone and NST levels compared with basal values of a group of 17 elite Kenyan runners living and training at high altitude. Since the NST cortisol and IGF-1 values were not lower, a catabolic state or malnutrition was not likely to be present. The results might reflect an adaptation to altitude or ethnic variations. 相似文献
70.
本研究采用先进的三维超声成像技术及多普勒技术对正常育龄妇女月经周期中心血管功能进行研究。结果:月经周期中HR、BP无变化;血清E2是周期性变化,排卵前达高峰。SV、CO、EF在排卵前期升高达峰值,显著高于月经期和黄体期;SVR排卵前期最低,而Ved、Ves无变化。Vmax、A、E在内源性E2高峰时明显加快,而E/A比值无明显变化。结果提示:月经周期中随内源性E2的周期性变化,心脏功能也发生周期性变化。E2高峰时,心输出量、心搏量和射血分数达最高。外周阻力最低,心脏内血流速度加快。 相似文献