不同糖代谢人群一相胰岛素分泌状况研究

目的:探讨正常糖耐量(NGT)、空腹血糖受损(IFG)、糖耐量受损(IGT)及新诊断2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者第一时相胰岛素分泌水平差异。方法:NGT11例,IFG10例、IGT19例,新诊断T2DM54例。采用静脉葡萄糖耐量试验(IVGTT)测定第一时相胰岛素分泌水平、血糖、血脂,计算Homa-β、Homa-IR和胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)。结果:10min时4组间胰岛素分泌水平差异无显著性;1、2、4、6、10min时NGT、IFG、IGT各组和T2DM组差异具有显著性;2、4、6min时NGT和IGT组也有显著性差异。2T2DM组0min时血糖水平明显高于另三组,4组血糖高峰均出现于1min,NGT组10min内血糖下降迅速,T2DM组血糖水平下降最迟缓。3Homa-βNGT、IFG、IGT组分别和T2DM组差异具有显著性,4组间Homa-IR和ISI差异无显著性。4HDL水平依葡萄糖代谢的恶化而逐渐降低。结论:NGT、IGT及新诊断T2DM一相胰岛素分泌依次递减,存在明显差异。IVGTT各组胰岛素峰值不随血糖峰值迁移,分泌模式一致,血糖峰值出现于1min,而胰岛素峰值出现于2min。     

Implante Percutâneo Transeptal de Bioprótese em Disfunção de Prótese Valvar Cirúrgica Mitral – Experiência Multicêntrica Brasileira

Background Percutaneous intervention in patients with bioprosthetic mitral valve dysfunction is an alternative to conventional surgical treatment.Objectives To report the first Brazilian experience with transseptal transcatheter bioprosthetic mitral valve-in-valve implantation (transseptal-TMVIV).Methods Patients with surgical bioprosthetic dysfunction submitted to transseptal-TMVIV in 12 Brazilian hospitals were included. The significance level adopted was p<0.05.Results From June/2016 to February/2019, 17 patients underwent transseptal-TMVIV. Their median age was 77 years (IQR,70-82) and median Society of Thoracic Surgeons predicted risk of mortality (STS-PROM) score was 8.7% (IQR,7.2-17.8). All patients had limiting symptoms of heart failure (FC≥III) and 5 (29.4%) had undergone more than one previous thoracotomy. Transseptal-TMVIV was successful in all patients. Echocardiographic assessment showed a significant reduction in mean mitral valve gradient (pre-intervention, 12±3.8 mmHg; post-intervention, 5.3±2.6 mmHg; p<0.001), in addition to an increase in mitral valve area (pre-intervention, 1.06±0.59 cm²; post-intervention, 2.18±0.36 cm²; p<0.001) sustained for 30 days. There was a significant and immediate reduction in the pulmonary artery systolic pressure, with an additional reduction in 30 days (pre-intervention, 68.9±16.4 mmHg; post-intervention, 57.7±16.5 mmHg; 30 days, 50.9±18.7 mmHg; p<0.001). During follow-up (median, 162 days; IQR, 102-411), significant clinical improvement (FC≤II) was observed in 87.5% of the patients. One patient (5.9%) had left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction and died right after the procedure, and another died at 161 days of follow-up.Conclusion The first Brazilian experience with transseptal-TMVIV shows the safety and effectivity of the new technique. The LVOT obstruction is a potentially fatal complication, reinforcing the importance of patients’ selection and of procedural planning. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(3):515-524)     

Predição do Mapa de Estresse em Aorta Ascendente: Otimização da Posição Coaxial no Implante Valvar Aórtico Percutâneo

BackgroudTranscatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) can reduce mortality among patients with aortic stenosis. Knowledge of pressure distribution and shear stress at the aortic wall may help identify critical regions, where aortic remodeling process may occur. Here a numerical simulation study of the influence of positioning of the prosthetic valve orifice on the flow field is presented.ObjectiveThe present analysis provides a perspective of great variance on flow behavior due only to angle changes.MethodsA 3D model was generated from computed tomography angiography of a patient who had undergone a TAVR. Different mass flow rates were imposed at the inlet valve.ResultsSmall variations of the tilt angle could modify the nature of the flow, displacing the position of the vortices, and altering the prerssure distribution and the location of high wall shear stress.ConclusionThese hemodynamic features may be relevant in the aortic remodeling process and distribution of the stress mapping and could help, in the near future, the optimization of the percutaneous prosthesis implantation. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)     

A pregnant woman with a mechanical prosthetic valve

A 24-year-old woman who was 11 weeks pregnant and had a mechanical mitral valve presented at the emergency department with ischemic stroke. Although treatment with aspirin and unfractionated heparin was initially successful, subsequent management was almost impossible, as she eventually suffered a right hemispheric stroke, requiring percutaneous intervention and an emergency cesarian; prosthetic valve thrombosis with hemodynamic instability; and multiple bleeding complications. This case demonstrates how difficult it can be to select the appropriate treatment strategy for prosthetic valve thrombosis.     

Clinical randomized trial study of hearing aids effectiveness in association with Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on tinnitus improvement

IntroductionTinnitus is defined as the perception of sound without its actual presence in the environment. It has been the subject of a great number of studies, especially considering its consequences on patient's quality of life.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effect of hearing aids and/or Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 on tinnitus in patients with hearing loss.MethodsThis is a trial randomized-controlled treatment, parallel, double-blind, with three-arm. Thirty-three adults subjects were divided into three groups: group 1 — subjects undergoing drug therapy with Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761; group 2 — individuals fitted with digital hearing aids; group 3 — individuals submitted to drug therapy with Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 and using hearing aids. The tinnitus handicap inventory and visual analogue scale were used to evaluate self-perception of tinnitus loudness and severity before treatment and 90 days after treatment.ResultsThis study demonstrated a significant correlation between tinnitus handicap inventory and visual analogue scale, before and after treatment. We observed a significant improvement in self-perception of tinnitus loudness and severity after 90 days of treatment with Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 and/or hearing aids. No correlation was found between tinnitus onset time and self-perception of tinnitus loudness and severity. Hearing aids were more effective in patients with a shorter tinnitus onset time and Ginkgo biloba extract was effective regardless of tinnitus duration.ConclusionsIt was possible to prove the effectiveness of the hearing aids and/or Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 treatment, which shows success in the control of tinnitus contributing to the improvement of this symptom.