脑内同步灌流NaN3致大鼠mPFC和海马细胞外液中胆碱类递质含量变化

目的：观察脑内同步灌流特异性呼吸链复合体 Ⅳ 抑制剂叠氮钠（sodium azide, NaN₃）对大鼠腹内侧前额叶皮质（mPFC）和海马细胞外液中乙酰胆碱（ACh）和胆碱（Ch）含量的影响,建立线粒体损伤的AD急性模型。 方法：应用脑双位点双通道同步微透析采样技术,对清醒自由活动正常大鼠mPFC和海马同步灌流含NaN₃（50 μmol·L^-1）和新斯的明（2 μmol·L^-1）的改良Ringer氏液120 min,并同步连续收集两脑区的透析液。采用高效液相色谱-柱后固定化酶反应器-电化学法动态监测ACh和Ch含量。 结果：正常大鼠的mPFC细胞外液中ACh和Ch含量高于海马区,NaN₃ 在灌流期间能明显降低mPFC/海马细胞外液中ACh,但显著升高Ch,并持续抑制mPFC/海马区ACh和Ch含量恢复。 结论：大鼠脑内mPFC和海马同步灌流NaN₃使胆碱能神经投射区域功能受损,可造成ACh和Ch代谢紊乱的AD急性模型,可用于病理机制和药理学研究。     

The liver-first approach for synchronous colorectal liver metastasis: a 5-year single-centre experience

BackgroundFor patients who present with synchronous colorectal carcinoma and colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM), a reversed treatment sequence in which the CRLM are resected before the primary carcinoma has been proposed (liver-first approach). The aim of the present study was to assess the feasibility and outcome of this approach for synchronous CRLM.MethodsBetween 2005 and 2010, 22 patients were planned to undergo the liver-first approach. Feasibility and outcomes were prospectively evaluated.ResultsOf the 22 patients planned to undergo the liver-first strategy, the approach was completed in 18 patients (81.8%). The main reason for treatment failure was disease progression. Patients who completed treatment and patients who deviated from the protocol had a similar location of the primary tumour, as well as comparable size, number and distribution of CRLM (all P > 0.05). Post-operative morbidity and mortality were 27.3% and 0% following liver resection and 44.4% and 5.6% after colorectal surgery, respectively. On an intention-to-treat-basis, overall 3-year survival was 41.1%. However, 37.5% of patients who completed the treatment had developed recurrent disease at the time of the last follow-up.ConclusionsThe liver-first approach is feasible in approximately four-fifths of patients and can be performed with peri-operative mortality and morbidity similar to the traditional treatment paradigm. Patients treated with this novel strategy derive a considerable overall-survival-benefit, although disease-recurrence-rates remain relatively high, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach.     

Modulation of dendritic synaptic processing in the lateral superior olive by hyperpolarization-activated currents

We have previously shown that mice lateral superior olive (LSO) neurons exhibit a large hyperpolarization-activated current (I(h) ), and that hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide-gated type 1 channels are present in both the soma and dendrites of these cells. Here we show that the dendritic I(h) in LSO neurons modulates the integration of multiple synaptic inputs. We tested the LSO neuron's ability to integrate synaptic inputs by evoking excitatory post-synaptic potentials (EPSPs) in conjunction with brief depolarizing current pulses (to simulate a second excitatory input) at different time delays. We compared LSO neurons with the native I(h) present in both the soma and dendrites (control) with LSO neurons without I(h) (blocked with ZD7288) and with LSO neurons with I(h) only present peri-somatically (ZD7288+ computer-simulated I(h) using a dynamic clamp). LSO neurons without I(h) had a wider time window for firing in response to inputs with short time separations. Simulated somatic I(h) (dynamic clamp) could not reverse this effect. Blocking I(h) also increased the summation of EPSPs elicited at both proximal and distal dendritic regions, and dramatically altered the integration of EPSPs and inhibitory post-synaptic potentials. The addition of simulated peri-somatic I(h) could not abolish a ZD7288-induced increase of responsiveness to widely separated excitatory inputs. Using a compartmental LSO model, we show that dendritic I(h) can reduce EPSP integration by locally decreasing the input resistance. Our results suggest a significant role for dendritic I(h) in LSO neurons, where the activation/deactivation of I(h) can alter the LSO response to synaptic inputs.     

光谱法研究槲皮苷与人血清白蛋白的相互作用

目的 研究槲皮苷与人血清白蛋白（HSA）的相互作用,并探讨葡萄糖对二者结合的影响。方法 应用光谱法研究槲皮苷与HSA的作用机制,以双对数方程和能量转移原理计算槲皮苷与HSA的结合常数、结合位点数和结合距离;根据热力学参数判断二者的作用力类型;用同步荧光光谱考察槲皮苷对HSA构象的影响;观察葡萄糖浓度对反应结合常数和结合位点数的影响。结果 槲皮苷对HSA的荧光猝灭过程为生成复合物的静态猝灭;结合常数和结合位点数随温度的升高而降低;结合距离小于7 nm;二者主要以疏水作用力相结合;槲皮苷与HSA的相互作用改变了色氨酸残基所处的微环境;葡萄糖的加入使结合常数和结合位点数均增加。结论 槲皮苷能与HSA结合并改变HSA的构象,生理浓度的葡萄糖可增加槲皮苷与HSA的结合常数和结合位点数。     

How do oncologists deal with incidental abnormalities on whole‐body fluorine‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT?

BACKGROUND: Combined positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) using fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is an exciting technique for cancer evaluation, but false-positive results are a recognized limitation. The aim of the study was to evaluate how oncologists deal with focal extrathyroidal FDG abnormalities considered by imaging specialists to be unrelated to the referral indication. METHODS: PET scan reports from a 12-month period from August 2002 to July 2003 in 1727 consecutive patients (mean age, 63 years) were reviewed. Incidental, nonphysiologic FDG abnormalities were classified based on the report conclusion. The frequency with which such abnormalities were investigated by oncologists and the final diagnosis were compared with the imaging diagnosis with a minimum potential follow-up of 2 years (mean, 27.5 months). RESULTS: Incidental FDG abnormalities were reported in 199 (12%) of 1727 patients, including 181 with adequate follow-up. Of 59 cases with a suspected second malignancy, 34 (58%) were actively investigated, with 14 confirmed, 7 unexpected metastatic sites, and 10 other active pathologies. Only 1 further cancer was subsequently detected in the 25 (42%) patients not actively investigated. Conversely, of 122 sites presumed to be benign, only 10 (8%) were actively investigated. Only 2 were proven to relate to malignancy. CONCLUSIONS: Although incidental abnormalities were common, most were benign and appropriately categorized by experienced readers. For actively investigated extrathyroidal abnormalities, a neoplastic basis was confirmed in over 60% of cases. Conversely, for cases deemed most likely benign by the PET/CT report or after review of readily available clinical information by the referring oncologist, the rate of malignancy was less than 2%.     

Synchronous gastric adenocarcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND:The association between gastric and pancreatic carcinoma is a relatively rare condition.In gastric carcinoma patients,the prevalence of second tumors varies 2.8% to 6.8% according to the reported statistics.Gastric cancer associated with pancreatic cancer is uncommon.METHODS:We report a case of a 73-year-old patient hospitalized for vomiting and weight loss.Esophagogastroduodenoscopy demonstrated an ulcerative lesion of the gastric antrum.Computed tomography and magnetic resonance showed a gastri...     

双侧同时肺癌4例报告及文献复习

目的探讨双侧同时多发性肺癌的临床特点、诊断、病理、治疗及预后。方法对4例双侧同时多发性肺癌的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并结合文献对其临床进行分析。结果 4例双侧肺癌均为重度吸烟者,以咳嗽伴痰中带血为主,影像学以中央型肺癌及阻塞性肺炎为主,纤支镜下均见双侧支气管内的新生物,病理学主要为鳞癌,对治疗的反应及预后与一般中央型肺癌相似。结论双侧同时多发性肺癌临床少见,临床表现与一般中央型肺癌相似,惟纤支镜下见双侧支气管内的新生物。     

Bilateral synchronous ossifying fibromas of the mandible: a case report

Ossifying fibroma of the jaw is a benign fibroosseous tumour. The growth of it is slowly and it is well circumscribed. Occurrence of multiple ossifying fibromas (synchronous) is rare in the jaw, and only a few cases have been documented. The most of these cases were in only maxilla. The fewer cases were reported in both of maxilla and mandible. We report a case of bilateral synchronous ossifying fibromas involving the mandible of a 37 years old male. The importance of our case is that bilaterality and synchronous of the lesions. Our case is the first synchronous mandibler lesion in literature reported.