Segregation analysis of diastolic blood pressure in a large pedigree

Hypertension, a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, is thought to be inherited to some extent. However, the nature of its genetic component remains unresolved. In the present study, data from a single large kindred (the HGAR1 pedigree) were used to search for evidence of single gene and multifactorial effects on diastolic blood pressure. Commingling analyses found that a mixture of three distributions fit the data significantly better than a single normal distribution, suggesting a major effect influencing diastolic blood pressure levels. However, segregation analysis, using regressive models, indicated that the transmission probabilities were not consistent with Mendelian expectations. There was no evidence of either major gene or polygenic effects on diastolic blood pressure levels in this family. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

复方丹参滴丸对急慢性高粘滞血症模型血管内皮细胞分泌功能的影响

目的：观察复方丹参滴丸对高粘滞血症血管内皮分泌功能的影响，探索其作用机制。方法：复合因素(高分子右旋糖酐、肾上腺素、牛血清白蛋白)、长时间(112天)造成高粘滞血症慢性模型；一次性静脉注射高分子右旋糖酐。皮下注射(sc)肾上腺素造成急性高粘滞血症模型，分别用复方丹参滴丸进行治疗，观察血管肉皮细胞分泌功能的变化。结果：慢性高粘滞血症模型血浆血栓素B2(TXB2)和内皮素(ET)浓度非常显升高，而6-酮-前列腺素F1x(6-酮)浓度非常显降低；急性高粘滞血症模型血管内皮分泌功能无显变化；长期使用复方丹参滴丸能调整、改善血管内皮分泌功能的异常状态；复方丹参滴丸改善血管内皮分泌功能的即时效应不显。     

非小细胞肺癌转移预测指标的研究

目的 :研究非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC)淋巴结和远处转移的预测指标 ,并建立Logistic回归模型。　 方法 :通过免疫组化、ELISA、酶谱电泳等方法 ,对NSCLC肿瘤病理标本、血清、尿液和骨髓等进行检查 ,并通过Logistic回归分析建立预测概率模型。　结果 :免疫组化指标肿瘤组织内微血管密度 (IMVD)、血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (b FGF)、白细胞分化抗原变异型 (CD4 4v6 )、基质金属蛋白酶 2 (MMP 2 )与NSCLC淋巴结转移危险有关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,组织金属蛋白酶抑制物 (TIMP 2 )、上皮型钙粘素 (E cad)与NSCLC淋巴结转移危险下降有关 (P <0 .0 5 )。血清MMP 2、MMP 9,尿液MMP 2、MMP 9及骨髓上皮膜抗原 (EMA)阳性细胞与NSCLC远处转移危险有关 (P <0 .0 5 )。其中免疫组化指标CD4 4v6、IMVD、E cad及尿液MMP 2、骨髓EMA阳性细胞对NSCLC转移有显著回归效果而分别被选入概率模型 1和 2 ,其预测准确率分别为 81.1%和 72 .7%。　结论 :组织标本中CD4 4v6、IMVD、E cad以及尿液中MMP 2及骨髓EMA阳性细胞检查 ,可预测绝大多数NSCLC的淋巴结转移和远处转移状况 ,为NSCLC转移的早期诊断提供重要信息 ,有助于NSCLC的个体化治疗和改善预后     

化疗药物外渗后局部组织损伤处理的实验研究

目的根据化疗药物外渗后局部组织损伤的特点寻找理想的处理方法。方法制作化疗药物外渗的动物坏死模型,分别采用临床常用的三种处理方法进行动物实验,进行肉眼观察及组织学观察。结果1∶5 000呋喃西林加季德胜蛇药外敷对化疗药物外渗所致的局部组织坏死疗效最佳,其次为复方利多卡因,50%硫酸镁外敷疗效甚微,对照组无效。结论临床处理化疗药物外渗应根据其局部特点选择合理有效的方法。     

Predicting the dynamic effects of rubella vaccination programmes

In the Netherlands, prepubertal girls have been vaccinated against rubella since 1974 (the UK strategy). Recently the Dutch Health Council advocated the introduction of an elimination strategy: vaccination of 1- and 9-year-old children. Dynamic effects of both strategies are studied using deterministic and stochastic models. Estimates of several epidemiological parameters are given. All computations and simulations were performed using as much field data as possible. Under the old strategy a new equilibrium is expected around the years 1995 to 2000; the new strategy is estimated to eliminate rubella (CRS) in large parts of the population 3 to 5 years after its initiation. Possible consequences of the new strategy on a cluster of people who refuse vaccination are investigated.     

Clinical importance,statistical significance and the assessment of economic and quality-of-life outcomes

The assessment of economic and quality-of-life outcomes of health care interventions is moving into a new era, with such assessments increasingly being made within the context of controlled clinical trials. Traditionally the measurement of many variables in economic evaluations, particularly costs, has been deterministic. In the context of clinical trials the measurement of variables is stochastic, with the standard principles of statistical inference being applied to analyse differences between treatments in terms of effectiveness. Economists participating in clinical research are therefore being called upon to specify the sample size for the economic component of the evaluation and to undertake statistical tests for differences in cost or cost-effectiveness. This paper discusses the current methodological issues surrounding stochastic measurement in clinical trials, discusses the additional issues raised by the assessment of economic and quality-of-life outcomes and specifies the challenges facing economists if they are to answer the questions now being posed about economic analysis by statisticians and clinical researchers. It is concluded that application of the standard principles of statistical inference to economic data is not straightforward and will require value judgements to be made about statistical significance and economic importance, which may differ from those already made in purely clinical studies.     

Neural networks in the study of the brain

Neural networks are models of the brain and have been used within Artificial Intelligence to provide alternative explanations to the symbolic explanations of cognition in which one assumes that an intelligent system has certain explicit representations of some aspect of the world and uses these in intelligent behavior. Obviously, if neural networks are indeed good models of the brain, and give a satisfactory account of cognition, then they could be a valuable tool to neuroscientists. This article gives a brief overview of the various neural network models, and critically reviews their status as models of the brain and of cognition.     

The Evaluation of Routine Andrological Parameters in Human Semen/Auswertung der Routine-Parameter der Andrologie am Sperma

A study was carried out to evaluate the andrological parameters in 540 human semen specimens divided into groups according to sperm counts. The parameters were: motility percentage and grade, percentage of viability and of morphologically normal sperm and immature cells. The Duncan multiple range test and the Kruskal-Wallis test with multiple comparison of ranks were used in the statistical analyses. Of particular interest, among other our findings, were the significant differences obtained by comparing the group with sperm counts up to 5 x 10(6) per ml semen and that with counts ranging from 5.1 to 10 x 10(6) per ml semen. This was true for all parameters with the exception of semen volume. Comparison of the oligozoospermic groups (up to 20 x 10(6)/ml) with those having higher sperm counts also showed significant differences. There was a trend towards improvement of the examined parameters with the increase in sperm density, but with a remarkable heterogeneity particularly within the oligozoospermic groups. In all groups motility, viability and morphological normality of sperm showed a positive correlation with each other. "Normal values" of the parameters studied could be derived from scatterplot charts over the entire range of sperm counts and from the statistical evaluation of the grouped material.     

中国肥厚型心肌病患者血栓栓塞事件风险预测模型的构建研究

背景 血栓栓塞（TE）事件是肥厚型心肌病（HCM）的重要并发症。目前针对HCM患者TE事件的风险预测,仅国外学者构建了两个模型：HCM Risk-CVA及French HCM score,然而,现有研究发现HCM Risk-CVA模型对于中国HCM患者的临床价值较为有限。目的 本研究拟构建适合中国HCM患者的TE事件风险预测模型。方法本研究系回顾性队列研究,收集2010—2018年在四川大学华西医院就诊的537例HCM患者的病例资料。本研究通过电话随访或电子病历系统查询患者就诊记录,每6～12个月随访1次,直至出现终点事件或死亡或研究拟定的评估日期（2019-12-31）,终点事件定义为复合性TE事件。采用单因素和多因素Cox回归分析构建风险预测模型,并使用自助重抽样的方法进行内部验证。结果 537例患者中,24例患者有不同程度的数据缺失,最终纳入513例患者。中位随访时间为4.2(1.3,6.2)年,随访过程中42例（8.18%）发生TE事件,年发病率为2.10%[95%CI(1.47%,2.73%)]。根据多因素Cox回归模型构建TE事件风险预测模型,最终纳入年龄、既往TE事件、心...