Selenium and Metal Concentrations in Waterbird Eggs and Chicks at Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge, Minnesota

Exceptionally high cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) concentrations were reported in eggs, feathers, or livers of selected waterbird species nesting at Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge (Agassiz) in 1994. Ten- to 15-day-old Franklin’s gull (Larus pipixcan), black-crowned night-heron (Nycticorax nycticorax), and eared grebe (Podiceps nigricollis) chicks were collected in 1998, 1999, and 2001 at Agassiz and analyzed for selenium (Se) and metals including Cd and Cr. Freshly laid eggs were collected in 2001 from Franklin’s gull, black-crowned night-heron, eared grebe, and pied-billed grebe (Podilymbus podiceps) nests at Agassiz. Based on a multivariate analysis, the pattern of Se and metal concentrations differed among species for eggs, chick feathers, and chick livers. Low Cd and Cr concentrations were measured in eggs, chick livers, and chick feathers of all four species. Mercury concentrations in black-crowned night-heron and eared grebe eggs collected from Agassiz in 2001 were lower than concentrations reported in 1994. Se and metal concentrations, including Cd and Cr, in waterbird eggs and chicks collected at Agassiz in 1998, 1999, and 2001 were not at toxic levels.     

凤凰衣贴敷治疗外伤性鼓膜穿孔临床应用研究

目的:研究利用凤凰衣为外伤性鼓膜穿孔的贴敷修复材料的临床应用价值及后期疗效。方法:回顾性分析2000年1月—2009年12月就诊并接受手术的118例(122耳)耳外伤患者利用凤凰衣贴敷治疗的过程、疗效、后期随访等资料。结果:对118例(122耳)外伤性鼓膜穿孔面积大于1/4以上的患者实施凤凰衣贴敷治疗,一次性贴敷成功109耳(89.34%)。失败13耳(10.66%)。结论:利用凤凰衣作为修复鼓膜的材料,依适当方法对外伤性鼓膜穿孔患者进行修复治疗,成本低廉,安全可靠,治愈率极高,术后效果良好,值得临床参考与推广。     

Girdin蛋白在小鼠受精卵微丝聚集调控作用的初步研究

目的:探讨Girdin蛋白在调控小鼠受精卵早期发育微丝聚集中的作用。方法:采用免疫荧光染色观察Girdin蛋白和F-actin在小鼠受精卵中的共定位情况。激光共聚焦显微镜观察Girdin表达敲低后小鼠受精卵分裂形态及分裂率。结果:在小鼠受精卵中存在Girdin蛋白并且Girdin蛋白与F-actin存在共定位。敲低Girdin蛋白的表达,小鼠受精卵出现不规则分裂,10μmol/L Girdin si RNA处理组小鼠受精卵有28.93%到达2-细胞期,而注射20μmol/L Girdin si RNA组小鼠受精卵只有15.1%到达2-细胞期。并且Girdin表达敲低的受精卵微丝不能正确聚集。结论:Girdin蛋白在调控小鼠受精卵早期分裂微丝聚集中发挥作用。     

The Fifty Year Rehabilitation of the Egg

The 1968 American Heart Association announced a dietary recommendation that all individuals consume less than 300 mg of dietary cholesterol per day and no more than three whole eggs per week. This recommendation has not only significantly impacted the dietary patterns of the population, but also resulted in the public limiting a highly nutritious and affordable source of high quality nutrients, including choline which was limited in the diets of most individuals. The egg industry addressed the egg issue with research documenting the minimal effect of egg intake on plasma lipoprotein levels, as well as research verifying the importance of egg nutrients in a variety of issues related to health promotion. In 2015 dietary cholesterol and egg restrictions have been dropped by most health promotion agencies worldwide and recommended to be dropped from the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.     

Strongyloides stercoralis larvae or egg: Which came first?

Strongyloides stercoralis (SS) hyperinfection is a well‐documented condition. However, SS eggs in stool samples are not commonly observed during routine analysis. Here, we report a case on SS hyperinfection where both larvae and eggs were observed in the stool sample of an immunossupressed liver allograft transplanted patient.     

环介导等温扩增法检测人粪样中美洲钩虫的方法建立

目的建立一种快速、高效的环介导等温扩增方法(loop-mediated isothermal amplification, LAMP)检测粪样中美洲钩虫虫卵。方法根据美洲钩虫ITS基因序列,设计4条LAMP引物,建立LAMP检测法。利用LAMP法检测日本血吸虫、肝吸虫、鞭虫、猪蛔虫、蛲虫的DNA样本以验证LAMP方法的特异度。以美洲钩虫成虫DNA样本,倍比稀释以评价LAMP法的DNA最低检出量。现场采集55份人粪DNA样本,采用改良加藤法、LAMP法和普通PCR方法同时检测,评价LAMP法的敏感性和特异性。结果 LAMP法可特异性扩增美洲钩虫DNA样本。LAMP法可检测最低DNA浓度为1.2 fg/mL。通过现场样本对LAMP进行评价,LAMP法敏感性相对于改良加藤法和PCR法分别是95.24%和100%。特异性分别是97.06%和100%。结论建立起以虫卵为检测材料的检测美洲钩虫病的LAMP法,为美洲钩虫病提供特异、敏感、高效的检测方法。     

PIPP~(H557A)对小鼠受精卵有丝分裂期的调节作用

目的研究脯氨酸丰富的肌醇多磷酸5-磷酸酶(proline-rich inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase,PIPP)组氨酸557位点突变为丙氨酸时PIPPH557A在小鼠1-细胞期受精卵中对有丝分裂促进因子(MPF)的调节作用。方法将HA-PIPPH557A、HA-PIPP和/或HAvector转染到小鼠1-细胞期受精卵中,用激酶活性分析法和WesternBlotting方法检测小鼠受精卵中MPF活性以及pCdc2 Tyr15表达的变化。结果 HA-PIPPH557A对小鼠受精卵MPF活性影响较小,但可以降低pCdc2Tyr15的表达,与HA-PIPP的作用不同。结论 HA-PIPPH557A在小鼠受精卵中通过失活PIPP降低pCdc2 Tyr15的表达调节小鼠受精卵的有丝分裂。     

胡桃楸茎枝含药鸡蛋对小鼠H22肝癌实体瘤的抑制作用

目的研究胡桃楸Juglans mandshurica Maxim.茎枝含药鸡蛋(与胡桃楸茎枝同煮的鸡蛋)对小鼠体内H22肝癌实体瘤的抗肿瘤活性。方法采用荷H22肝癌实体瘤小鼠模型,以肿瘤质量、抑瘤率为指标研究胡桃楸茎枝含药鸡蛋对肿瘤生长的抑制作用,以免疫器官指数、外周血象为指标考察对荷瘤机体生存质量的影响。结果胡桃楸茎枝含药鸡蛋在0.64、1.28、2.56 g/kg剂量下对小鼠肝癌H22实体瘤的生长均有较好的抑制作用,呈一定的量效关系。实验结束时,对照组、模型组和各含药鸡蛋组小鼠的体质量均增加。胡桃楸含药鸡蛋组胸腺指数、脾脏指数明显升高,外周红细胞数、血红蛋白含量提高,总白细胞数降低。结论胡桃楸茎枝含药鸡蛋对H22细胞具有较好的抗肿瘤作用。     

Compared to an Oatmeal Breakfast,Two Eggs/Day Increased Plasma Carotenoids and Choline without Increasing Trimethyl Amine N-Oxide Concentrations

Background: Habitual consumption of eggs has been hypothesized to positively modify biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk through proposed antioxidant properties.

Objectives: To examine this relationship, 50 young, healthy men and women were enrolled into a randomized crossover clinical intervention.

Methods: Participants consumed either 2 eggs per day or one packet of oatmeal a day for 4 weeks, followed by a 3-week wash-out and crossed over to the alternate breakfast. Fasting blood samples and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected at the end of each intervention period.

Results: Increases in plasma large high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and large low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle concentrations as measured by nuclear magnetic resonance were found following egg consumption (p < 0.001, p < 0.05), respectively, with increases in apolipoprotein concentration as well (p < 0.05). Though there was no difference in the intake of antioxidants lutein and zeaxanthin, a significant increase in plasma concentrations of these carotenoids was observed (p < 0.001) after egg consumption. There was no change in lecithin–cholesterol acyl transferase, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, or paroxanase-1 arylesterase activities between breakfast interventions. Dietary and plasma choline were both higher following egg consumption compared to oatmeal consumption (p < 0.001); however, there was no change in plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) concentrations. Two eggs per day had no impact on PBMC gene expression related to cholesterol metabolism, oxidation, or TMAO production.

Conclusions: These results suggest that compared to oatmeal, consumption of 2 eggs for breakfast provided increased plasma carotenoids and improved biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk while not affecting TMAO levels in this population.     

Influence of the method of production of eggs on the daily intake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine contaminants: An independent study in the Canary Islands (Spain)

Analysis of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 20 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and 18 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were performed on eggs from three different production types (conventional, free-run and organic) collected from the markets of the Canary Islands (Spain). Unlike other studies we did not found differences in the content of PCBs or OCPs of eggs in relation to its production type. Median ∑OCPs content was 3.87 ng g⁻¹ fat, being dieldrin, dicofol, hexachlorobenzene, p,p′-DDE and p,p′-DDT the most frequently detected. Median ∑PCBs value was 3.93 ng g⁻¹ fat, with 79.9% of this amount coming from the marker PCBs. Two samples, one free-run and one organic, greatly exceeded the current European Commission (EC) limit of 2.5 pg TEQ_PCDD/F g⁻¹ lipid, but the rest were well below of this limit. The concentrations of PAHs in conventionally produced eggs were almost 4 times higher than in free-run or organic eggs. Mean dietary intake estimates of the organochlorine contaminants based on consumption of eggs, regardless of the type chosen, is negligible for the Canary Islands’ population. However, the median dietary intake estimates of PAHs greatly depend on the type of eggs chosen, being much lower when free-run and organic eggs are consumed.