Polysomnographically determined sleep and body mass index in patients with insomnia

We assessed associations between polysomnographically determined sleep, especially the amount of slow-wave sleep (SWS), and body mass index (BMI) in patients with insomnia. One hundred and forty-one insomniacs and 55 healthy volunteers completed overnight polysomnographic recordings, and we measured height and body weight. No significant correlations were obtained between total sleep time and BMI among insomniacs. Compared with normal volunteers, insomnia patients exhibited longer sleep latency and shorter total sleep duration. While the two groups had no significant differences in BMI, insomniacs presented with more N1 but less time spend in SWS and rapid eye movement sleep (REMS). Based on their SWS time, we divided insomnia patients into three groups: short (26.99±13.88), intermediate (59.24±8.12), and long (102.21±26.17) SWS groups. The short-SWS group had significantly greater BMI than the long-SWS group. Further analyses with multiple linear regression showed a significant negative correlation between the amount of SWS and BMI scores in insomniacs, whereas no such correlation was found in healthy volunteers after controlling for potential confounds (e.g., age, sex and AHI). Our study suggests that low amounts of SWS may be associated with higher BMI in patients with insomnia.     

中重度OSAHS患者CPAP治疗前后1H-MRS变化的初步研究

目的：用多体素磁共振波谱(1 H-MRS)探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者持续正压通气(CPAP)治疗前后的变化。方法对25例进行 CPAP 治疗前后的中重度男性 OSAHS 患者及与其性别、年龄相匹配的25例健康对照者的双侧额叶均行头颅多体素1 H-MRS 检查。分别记录额叶各代谢物比值,比较两两之间的差异,并观察有无乳酸(Lac)峰出现。结果治疗前额叶 NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho(2.0212±0.2312和1.6088±0.2571)较健康对照者(2.7268±0.6071和2.4456±0.4375)减低,治疗后额叶 NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho(2.3140±0.3128和2.0164±0.4240)较治疗前(2.0212±0.2312和1.6088±0.2571)升高,治疗后额叶 NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho(2.3140±0.3128和2.0164±0.4240)较健康对照者(2.7268±0.6071和2.4456±0.4375)减低(P <0.01)。治疗前 Cho/Cr(1.2932±0.2615)较健康对照者(1.1292±0.1577)升高(P <0.05)。3组均未检测到 Lac 峰。结论多体素1 H-MRS 能敏感显示 OSAHS 患者 CPAP 治疗前后脑代谢的改变,提供临床疗效及预后评估的影像学依据。     

腭咽环扎术后阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征上气道形态的研究

目的：探讨腭咽环扎术（VRLP）后阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者的上气道形态特征.方法：应用纤维鼻咽镜和头影测量技术检查了6例VRLP后并发OSAHS患者、6例VRLP后未发生OSAHS和6例未手术腭裂患者的上气道形态,测量了鼻咽腔直径、腭咽环扎处咽腔直径、口咽腔直径、舌根后咽腔直径、下咽腔直径、舌骨至下颌骨的距离等6个相关参数,并应用单因素方差分析进行组间比较.结果：未手术腭裂患者上气道形态光滑,VRLP后上气道在软腭后区和舌根后区出现2处狭窄,VRLP后OSAHS患者上气道鼻咽部明显狭窄变形,为腺样体肥大所致.结论：X线头影测量技术是一种简单实用的评估VRLP后OSAHS的方法,建议VRLP术前行此检查以排除腺样体严重增生患者.     

The Effect of Sleep Deprivation on Coronary Heart Disease

AbstractSleep deprivation (SD) has been associated with an increased morbidity and mortality of coronary heart disease (CHD). SD could induce autonomic nervous dysfunction, hypertension, arrhythmia, hormonal dysregulation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and metabolic disorder in CHD patients. This paper reviewed the study results of SD in clinical trials and animal experiments and concluded that SD was associated with cardiovascular risk factors, which aggravated CHD in pathogenesis and outcomes.     

成年OSAHS患者呼吸紊乱程度与年龄及脑电觉醒反应的相关性分析

目的探讨成年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停/低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)患者中呼吸紊乱程度与脑电觉醒反应及年龄增长间的关系。方法对2005年1月~2014年12月入笔者医院神经科睡眠检查室行多导睡眠图监测的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停/低通气成年患者的睡眠情况进行回顾性分析,共入组621例,年龄>18岁,睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(apnea-hypopnea index,AHI)≥5次/小时,观察与睡眠呼吸暂停/低通气相关的脑电觉醒指数(arousal index,ARI),采用相关性分析研究脑电觉醒反应与年龄、呼吸事件之间的关系。结果 621例患者,男性445例,女性176例(男∶女为2.53∶1),患者年龄最小19岁,最大84岁,患者平均年龄51.39±12.13岁;最小AHI=5.03,最大AHI=186.53,平均AHI33.84±22.59;最小ARI=0,最大ARI=195.60,平均ARI23.45±25.55;相关性分析ARI、AHI与年龄增长无相关性(P>0.01);ARI与AHI呈线性相关,相关系数为0.421,并且在各年龄组均有显著相关性。结论睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数对脑电觉醒反应程度有显著影响,呼吸紊乱指数越高,与相关脑电觉醒反应越明显,而年龄增长对呼吸事件相关的脑电觉醒反应没有明确的影响。     

Magnesium—A Potential Key Player in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases?

The altered magnesium status in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients may have a significant clinical imprint considering its role in cell signaling and genomic stability, as well as its involvement in IBD patients’ fatigue. Our study pioneers the investigation of magnesium hair concentration patterns in an adult population of IBD patients. The hair magnesium concentration in IBD patients is compared to healthy controls in order to identify correlations between the magnesium status and relevant parameters related to disease activity, psychological status, and sleep quality. We report a significantly lower hair magnesium concentration within the IBD group compared to healthy controls (95%CI: 0.006–0.062; p = 0.017) and lower levels in CD compared to UC (95%CI: −0.061–−0.002; p = 0.038). We identified a borderline statistical significance between the hair magnesium concentration and UC disease activity (95%CI; −0.679–0.008; p = 0.055) and a significantly lower magnesium concentration in patients who reported increased sleep latency (95%CI −0.65–−0.102; p = 0.011) or decreased sleep duration (95%CI −0.613–−0.041; p = 0.028). Our results advance several hypotheses with substantial clinical impact to be confirmed in future studies. Magnesium levels appear to be modified in IBD patients, which suggests it either plays a primary role in disease pathophysiology or a is result of the disease’s evolution. Magnesium could be used in predictive models for clinical/subclinical disease activity. Moreover, magnesium supplementation may improve IBD evolution and sleep quality for patients with a deficit of this mineral. However, confirmatory evidence-based studies are needed to generate specific dosing, time of supplementation, and optimum monitoring of magnesium status in IBD patients.     

寒区集训新兵睡眠质量影响因素研究

目的探讨寒区新兵睡眠质量的影响因素。方法以匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQ I）测试寒区集训期新兵1 000人并分析其影响因素。结果（1）有效问卷892份,吸烟、饮酒者PSQ I及除催眠药物使用外的其他各项因子分高于无烟酒饮用习惯者。（2）县城来源新兵入睡时间明显高于省城来源新兵,乡镇来源新兵PSQ I及多项因子分低于省城和县城来源新兵。（3）回归分析显示：寒区新兵睡眠质量的主要影响因素依次为吸烟、饮酒及家庭住址。结论寒区新兵睡眠质量的影响因素为吸烟、饮酒及家庭住址。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者凌晨血压和血液流变学的变化

目的探讨不同程度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者凌晨血压、血液流变学的变化。方法依据呼吸暂停低通气指数将2006年4月至2007年7月在我科确诊为OSAHS的118例患者分为轻（31例）、中（40例）、重度（47例）3组,同时选择25例健康人作为对照组,记录血氧饱和度〈90％的累积时间占总监测时间的百分比（TS90％）,测定血液流变学及凌晨血压升高值。结果OSAHS重度组出现凌晨血压增高的21例（43％）,中度组的8例（20％）,轻度组1例（3％）;血液流变学各指标值、TS90％值OSAHS组均高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）,中度和重度组高于轻度组（P〈0．05）,重度组显著高于中度组（P〈0．05）;凌晨血压增高组的血液流变学各指标值均明显高于非凌晨血压增高组（P〈0．05）。结论OSAHS患者血液黏稠度、凌晨血压增高比例、TS90％值随阻塞程度增加而升高,血液流变学的变化与凌晨血压增高相关。     

空姐式服务模式对提高SAS治疗依从性的疗效评估

目的 探讨引用空姐式服务模式提高睡眠呼吸暂停综合症（SAS）患者治疗的依从性。方法 对通过多导睡眠图监测确诊为SAS的重度患者86例进行分组护理干预。治疗组为在护理干预中引入空姐式服务模式,对照组为常规护理干预,对照分析。结果 治疗前后第1周,2组治疗的依从性、Epworth得分无差异统计学意义;治疗第2周起,2组均为差异有统计学意义,P〈0．01。结论 空姐式服务模式对提高SAS治疗依从性是积极有效的。     

鼻腔扩容术加腭咽成形术对阻塞睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的疗效分析

目的：研究分析临床应用鼻腔扩容术加腭咽成形术治疗阻塞睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的疗效。方法：选取2011年5月-2012年5月本院收治的15例阻塞睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者,给予鼻腔扩容术加腭咽成形术联合治疗,分析其治疗后的临床疗效及并发症发生情况。结果：术后随访观察,6个月时治疗总有效率保持为100%,1年时治疗总有效率为93.3%,患者的AHI指数及LSaO2均较术前有明显改善,总体疗效满意;术后并发症发生率为46.7%,给予相应的对症治疗后症状消失,无实质性损害。结论：鼻腔扩容术联合腭咽成形术治疗阻塞睡眠呼吸暂停综合征近远期疗效均较满意,但术后并发症发生情况需进一步改善。