老年急性重症胆囊炎56例临床治疗分析

目的回顾分析老年患者急性重症胆囊炎的治疗效果。方法我中心2009年6月～2011年12月对56例老年急性重症胆囊炎患者均应用B超引导下经皮经肝胆囊穿刺引流（PTGD）治疗，现对其临床资料进行分析。结果56例老年急性重症胆囊炎患者通过PTGD治疗，穿刺置管全部成功，成功率达100％。患者在穿刺引流术后24。48h内其畏寒、高热、右上腹疼痛等症状明显得到缓解，感染症状得到控制。经过外引流胆汁2周后54例患者在拔除引流管时其临床症状体征消失，治愈率达96．4％，无死亡病例。结论PTGD用于治疗老年急性重症胆囊炎，不仅可以迅速缓解其临床症状、控制感染，而且能够有效避免行急诊手术引起的相关并发症。     

胃癌合并肿瘤相关性微血管病性溶血性贫血一例报道并文献复习

目的探讨胃癌合并肿瘤相关性做血管病性溶血性贫血（cancer—relatedMieroangiopathicHemolyticAnemia，CR—MAHA）的临床特点及预后，提高对该病的认识。方法报道1例胃癌合并CR—MAHA并进行分析，并对国内文献进行总结分析。结果共检索到病例17例，加本病例共18例，其中男lO例（55．56％），女8例（44．44％），男：女为1．13：l；年龄23～68岁，中位年龄4l岁；均经胃镜活检行病理确诊，均为腺癌；其中骨髓发现转移癌细胞8例。均以与胃癌不相符的进行性贫血及酱油样尿为主要临床表现，大多伴淋巴结等远处转移；均出现中重度贫血，外周血可见破碎红细胞；生存期较短，中位生存期23天。结论胃癌合并CR—MAHA临床较少见，表现为与原发病不相符的血管内溶血性贫血，多伴广泛转移，病理类型为腺癌，出现中重度贫血。预后较差，生存期短，化疗可能能改善病人预后。     

血清前白蛋白动态变化评估重症社区获得性肺炎预后的价值

目的探讨血清前白蛋白评估重症社区获得性肺炎(SCAP)患者预后的临床价值。方法回顾性分析2010年8月至2014年8月西安医学院第一附属医院收治的87例SCAP患者的临床资料,按预后分为治愈组(64例)、死亡组(23例),检测两组患者入院第1天,第5天及观察终点(出院或死亡前最后一次,平均(19.2±5.7)天)血清前白蛋白含量,用统计软件SPSS19.0进行数据分析,定性资料采用χ~2检验,计量资料两两比较采用独立样本t检验,组内不同时间点数据比较采用重复测定方差分析。结果血清前白蛋白在治愈组和死亡组入院第1天比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),第5天及观察终点比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。并且治愈组血清前白蛋白在第1天,第5天和观察终点逐渐升高,而死亡组血清前白蛋白逐渐下降,同一组不同时间点数据两两比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论血清前白蛋白持续低水平提示病情危重,预后不佳。动态观察血清前白蛋白水平对判断SCAP预后有一定的评估价值。     

Abnormal erythropoiesis and the pathophysiology of chronic anemia

Erythropoiesis, the bone marrow production of erythrocytes by the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells, replaces the daily loss of 1% of circulating erythrocytes that are senescent. This daily output increases dramatically with hemolysis or hemorrhage. When erythrocyte production rate of erythrocytes is less than the rate of loss, chronic anemia develops. Normal erythropoiesis and specific abnormalities of erythropoiesis that cause chronic anemia are considered during three periods of differentiation: a) multilineage and pre-erythropoietin-dependent hematopoietic progenitors, b) erythropoietin-dependent progenitor cells, and c) terminally differentiating erythroblasts. These erythropoietic abnormalities are discussed in terms of their pathophysiological effects on the bone marrow cells and the resultant changes that can be detected in the peripheral blood using a clinical laboratory test, the complete blood count.     

Risk of Bleeding and Inhibitor Development After Circumcision of Previously Untreated or Minimally Treated Severe Hemophilia A Children

Background: Surgery and intensive factor VIII (FVIII) replacement may be risk factors for development of inhibitors. Objective: To evaluate time and rate of inhibitor development postcircumcision over 12-month period, and to assess bleeding of children with severe hemophilia A after low-dose FVIII replacement and local hemostasis. Patients and Methods: Sixty-one previously untreated patients (PUPs) or minimally treated patients (MTPs) with severe hemophilia A less than 36 months were enrolled; 25 underwent circumcision during the 18-month enrollment period, and 36 matched patients were not circumcised. All patients were treated on demand with plasma-derived FVIII, and all were inhibitor negative at the time of enrollment. Intron 22 inversion was analyzed. A potent hemostatic agent (gelatin sponge) was applied on the site of surgery, and then dressed with gauze. Two doses of FVIII concentrate (25 U/kg) were given, 1 hour before circumcision and 1 hour before removal of dressing. The inhibitor was determined every 8 exposure days (EDs). Results: None of the patients had bleeding or infection, except one who had minimal transient bleeding 8 days after surgery, and was treated easily by a single dose of FVIII (50 U/kg). After a median of 16 EDs, high-titer inhibitors developed in seven patients: three patients in the circumcised group (12%) in contrast to four patients (11.1%) in the noncircumcised group. Conclusion: Two doses factor concentrate and gelatin sponge application were generally enough to prevent bleeding after circumcision of severe hemophilia A. Circumcision and low-dose FVIII protocol were not an additional risk for development of high-titer inhibitor.     

Pattern of milk feeding and family size as risk factors for iron deficiency anemia among poor Egyptian infants 6 to 24 months old

Infants between 6 and 24 months of age are at the highest risk of development of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in developing countries. Consuming unmodified cow's milk, delayed introduction of solid foods after 6 months, and high birth order could be predictors of the presence of IDA. Three hundred infants between the ages of 6 and 24 months (mean, 13.94 ± 6.17 months) from Ain Shams University Children's Hospital were enrolled in the study. Data collected included demographic information and dietary assessment including the type of milk feeding, introduction of solid foods, and daily iron intake. The infants were examined, and anthropometric measurements were recorded. Anemic infants (hemoglobin level <11 g/dL) were further evaluated by complete blood count, hemoglobin electrophoresis, and iron profile. Anemia was diagnosed among 198 infants (66%), of whom 129 (43%) had IDA. Red cell distribution width at a cutoff value of 15.8% was 86% sensitive and 74% specific in predicting IDA. The main risk factors for IDA included being between 6 and 18 months of age, of the male sex, birth order above the second order, consuming cow's milk, predominant breast-feeding beyond 6 months of age, and low daily iron intake. We conclude that IDA is the most common cause of anemia among Egyptian infants 6 to 24 months old of low socioeconomic standard. Independent clinical predictors were consuming cow's milk during the first 6 months, delayed introduction of solid foods after 6 months, and birth order beyond the second order.     

LEEP刀治疗对中重度宫颈糜烂患者炎性因子与宫颈微循环状态的影响研究

目的：观察LEEP刀治疗对中重度宫颈糜烂患者炎性因子与宫颈微循环状态的影响。方法选取2012年1月-2013年3月进行治疗的70例中重度宫颈糜烂患者为研究对象，将其随机分为对照组与观察组，各35例，对照组进行常规微波治疗。观察组则以LEEP刀进行治疗。将两组患者治疗前后的血清炎性因子（IL-6和IL-8）与宫颈微循环检测指标进行比较。结果治疗后3 d观察组血清IL-6和IL-8含量分别为（10.10±1.28）pg/mL和（10.41±1.49）pg/mL，阳性率分别为34.29%和28.57%，均低于对照组（均P＜0.05），治疗后观察组宫颈部位红细胞聚集中重度比例为14.29%，低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 LEEP刀治疗对中重度宫颈糜烂患者炎性因子与宫颈微循环状态的影响更为积极，治疗作用更为明显。     

Fast measurement of blood T1 in the human jugular vein at 3 Tesla

Current T₁ values for blood at 3T largely came from in vitro studies on animal blood or freshly drawn human blood. Measurement of blood T₁ in vivo could provide more specific information, e.g., for individuals with abnormal blood composition. Here, blood T₁ at 3T was measured rapidly (<1 min) in the internal jugular vein using a fast inversion‐recovery technique in which multiple inversion time can be acquired rapidly due to constant refreshing of blood. Multishot EPI acquisition with flow compensation yielded high resolution images with minimum partial volume effect. Results showed T₁ = 1852 ± 104 msec among 24 healthy adults, a value higher than for bovine blood phantoms (1584 msec at Hct of 42%). A second finding was that of a significant difference (P < 0.01) between men and women, namely T₁ = 1780 ± 89 msec (n = 12) and T₁ = 1924 ± 58 msec (n = 12), respectively. This difference in normal subjects is tentatively explained by the difference in Hct between genders. Interestingly, however, studies done on sickle cell anemia patients with much lower Hct (23 ± 3%, n = 10) revealed similar venous blood T₁ = 1924 ± 82 msec, indicating other possible physical influences affecting blood T₁. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

全血置换治疗新生儿重症黄疸疗效分析

目的:观察深静脉全血置换治疗新生儿重症黄疸的临床疗效和安全性。方法:42例重症黄疸,其中18例采用深静脉全血置换为治疗组,24例采用保守治疗为对照组,观察两组患儿一日后总胆红素水平,总住院天数,胆红素脑病发生率以及临床不良反应情况。结果:治疗组胆红素下降快,住院时间短,临床不良反应少,降低了发生胆红素脑病的风险。结论:新生儿重症黄疸采用全血置换疗法疗效好、副作用少。