15岁以下人群乙型肝炎病毒感染及免疫现状调查分析

目的：了解静宁县15岁以下人群乙肝疫苗接种现状、乙肝病毒标志物的分布情况及影响因素,为采取进一步控制措施提供依据。方法：采取整群分层随机抽样的方法,抽取本辖区7个乡镇的15岁以下的1260人作为调查对象,检测HBsAg、抗-HBs、抗-HBc等HBV感染标志物,以问卷和查验预防接种证或卡片的方式对乙肝疫苗接种率进行调查。结果：15岁以下人群HBsAg、抗-HBs和抗-HBc阳性率分别为0.95%、78.97%、5.16%,HBV感染率为6.98%。HBsAg、抗-HBc阳性率和HBV感染率随年龄增长而升高（P〈0.05）。15岁以下人群乙肝疫苗全程接种率为90.95%,随年龄的增加而逐渐降低（χ2趋势=60.569,P=0.000）。结论：15岁以下人群HBV感染率已处于较低水平,乙肝保护性抗体水平随年龄的减小而升高;乙肝疫苗接种是乙肝病毒感染的保护因素,年龄是乙肝病毒感染的危险因素。     

江苏省2008年自然人群麻疹血清流行病学特征分析

目的了解2008年江苏省自然人群的麻疹抗体水平,评价人群麻疹免疫力状况,为调整免疫策略提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样法,抽取苏州市的昆山市、张家港市、泰州市的泰兴市和淮安市的楚州区<8月龄、8月龄～2岁、3～14岁、15～19岁、20～29岁、30～39岁和≥40岁4 621人,用酶联免疫吸附试验对其麻疹抗体进行检测。结果人群麻疹IgG抗体总阳性率为88.73%,几何平均浓度(Geometric Mean Concentration,GMC)为803.18 mIU/mL。不同年龄、不同地区人群麻疹抗体阳性率和GMC差异均有统计学意义。抗体阳性率最高的为3～14岁(97.81%);其次为≥15岁,抗体阳性率均>90%;较低的为8月龄～2岁(89.73%);<8月龄婴儿最低(19.95%)。GMC最高的是3～14岁(1 221.32 mIU/mL),<8月龄婴儿最低(57.16 mIU/mL)。苏南地区的昆山市、张家港市麻疹抗体阳性率和GMC均高于苏北的淮安市楚州区和泰兴市。结论 2008年江苏省自然人群麻疹抗体总阳性率低于消除麻疹队列人群免疫力95%的指标,应提高儿童常规免疫接种率和及时接种率,适时开展强化免疫。     

一种新型肠道病毒引起的脑膜炎——病原学,临床及血清流行病学研究

１９９１年２￣６月间江苏省徐州市辖邳县，发生１次中枢神经系统感染性疾病流行，病死率较高，发病者以学龄儿童为主，临床诊断为肠道病毒性脑膜炎。从１７例患者脑脊液、粪便等２３份标本中，分离出１８株相似病毒。该病毒为ＲＮＡ型，具有肠道病毒共有的理化特性和生物学性质，不被已知诊断血清中和，其抗血清也不能中和已知的肠道病毒。故可认为该病毒为一新型别的新型肠道病毒。血清流行病学调查表明，该病毒在毗邻疫区的未发病     

Factors influencing infection by pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 over three epidemic waves in Singapore

Introduction

Previous influenza pandemics had second and on occasion third waves in many countries that were at times more severe than the initial pandemic waves.

Objective

This study aims to determine the seroepidemiology of successive waves of H1N1pdm09 infections in Singapore and the overall risks of infection.

Methods

We performed a cohort study amongst 838 adults, with blood samples provided upon recruitment and at 5 points from 2009 to 2011 and tested by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) with A/California/7/2009 (H1N1pdm09). Surveys on key demographic and clinical information were conducted at regular intervals, and associations between seroconversion and these variables were investigated.

Results

After the initial wave from June to September 2009, second and third waves occurred from November 2009 to February 2010 and April to June 2010, respectively. Seroconversion was 13·5% during the first wave and decreased to 6·2% and 6·8% in subsequent waves. Across the three waves, the elderly and those with higher starting HI titres were at lower risk of seroconversion, while those with larger households were at greater risk. Those with higher starting HI titres were also less likely to have an acute respiratory infection.

Conclusions

The second and third waves in Singapore had lower serological attack rates than the first wave. The elderly and those with higher HI titres had lower risk, while those in larger households had higher risk of seroconversion.     

Seroprevalence of varicella zoster and rubella antibodies among rural populations of the Chaco region,south-eastern Bolivia

OBJECTIVE: To determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against varicella zoster virus (VZV) and rubella virus among the population of two rural areas, Camiri and Villa Montes, Chaco region, south-eastern Bolivia. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, serum samples from randomly selected subjects were screened for VZV- and rubella antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The prevalence of VZV antibodies was 80% (391 of 489). No significant differences were observed between genders and study areas. The prevalence increased with age with a seropositivity rate of 21.2% in the 1-4-year-old children, 56.9% in the 5-9 age group and 83.7% in the 10-14 age group, and reached 98.2% in over 45-year olds. The prevalence of rubella virus antibodies was 76.9% (377 of 490), without significant differences between genders and study areas. Similar to the trend observed for VZV antibodies, the seroprevalence increased with age with a seropositivity rate of 18.1% in the 1-4-year-old children, 53.9% in the 5-9 age group and 78.4% in the 10-14 age group, and reached 94.7% in over 45-year-old subjects. Among the 95 women of childbearing age (15-44 years) the susceptibility rate was 11.6%. CONCLUSIONS: A common seroimmunological profile was evidenced for the two infections. The age-specific profile of VZV seropositivity differs from that reported for other tropical countries where higher median age of seroconversion and lower seroprevalence among adults are observed. Data concerning the prevalence of immunity to rubella may be useful to evaluate the impact of the recently introduced rubella immunization programme.     

上海市1988年甲型肝炎暴发的血清流行病学研究

本文以人群为基础,调查了上海市长宁区居民1649人。结果显示甲型肝炎(简称甲肝)罹患率为5.76％,发病以青壮年为主,男女性别无显著差別(p>0.05)。调查人群中食毛蚶者甲肝罹患率为15.86％,未食者为0.64％。相对危险度(RR)为24.78,特异危险度(AR)为15.22％,特异危险度百分比(AR％)为95.96％,人群特异危险度(PAR)为5.12％,人群特异危险度百分比(PAR％)为88.89％。甲肝发病与食蚶量及食蚶方式有关(p<0.0001)。对1649名居民采血470份,检测抗HA和抗HAIgM。血清学调查结果显示人群对甲肝易感性随年龄的增加而降低。人群的甲肝易感性平均为30.21％。抗HA阴性易感者食毛蚶的甲肝罹患率为29.41％,感染率为38.24％;未食蚶易感者甲肝罹患率分别为1.35％和5.41％。RR分别为21.79和7.07。本次甲肝流行隐性传染率为1.91％。     

Seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus antibodies in Turkish and Moroccan children in Rotterdam

Seasonal fluctuations in hepatitis A have been observed in the Netherlands related to Turkish and Moroccan children after visiting their home countries. This study determined the prevalence and associated factors of hepatitis A virus (HAV) antibodies in Turkish and Moroccan children in Rotterdam. A random sample was taken of children in Rotterdam, aged 5-16 years, of Turkish and Moroccan origin, together with a random sample of native Dutch children aged 5-7 and 14-16 years. Blood was collected by finger prick on filter paper. IgG and IgM anti-HAV was detected by an enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA). The 319 Turkish, 329 Moroccan, and 248 native Dutch children participated in the study. In Turkish children, IgG anti-HAV increased from 2.2% to 22.2% over the age groups. In Moroccan children, IgG anti-HAV increased from 10.2% to 57.7%. In native Dutch children, 0.8% had IgG anti-HAV in the youngest and 3.1% in the oldest age group. The percentage IgG-positive also having IgM anti-HAV was 21% in Turkish, and 41% in Moroccan children. No IgG-positive native Dutch children had IgM anti-HAV. The prevalence of IgG anti-HAV was associated with increased age, being Moroccan, longer stay in the country of origin before migrating to the Netherlands, and known contact to HAV. The majority of Turkish and Moroccan children aged 4-16 years in Rotterdam are not protected against HAV, but do have a high risk of becoming infected while visiting their native country. Active vaccination against HAV of these children is indicated, with as primary aim their own protection. Prevention of HAV-transmission in the general community should be seen as a secondary benefit. In addition, possible Dutch contacts of nonvaccinated Turkish and Moroccan children, such as day care workers and teachers, should also be vaccinated against HAV.     

吉林省重要媒介蜱与莱姆病关系的研究

目的探讨重要媒介蜱类与莱姆病的关系。方法根据多年收集的蜱类标本鉴定,结合血清流行病学调查结果,探讨两者关系。结果吉林省有蜱类2科5属15种。结论全沟硬蜱是吉林省莱姆病的主要媒介。