Experience in sclerotherapy for esophagogastric variceal bleeding

Ｅｎｄｏｓｃｏｐｉｃｖａｒｉｃｅａｌｓｃｌｅｒｏｔｈｅｒａｐｙ (ＥＶＳ)ｉｓａｗｉｄｅｌｙｕｓｅｄｍｅｔｈｏｄｆｏｒｔｈｅｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｏｆｅｓｏｐｈａｇｏｇａｓｔｒｉｃｖａｒｉｃｅａｌｂｌｅｅｄｉｎｇｉｎｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓｗｉｔｈｐｏｒｔａｌｈｙｐｅｒｔｅｎｓｉｏｎ Ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｎｅｗｍｅｔｈｏｄｓｓｕｃｈａｓｅｎｄｏｓｃｏｐｉｃｖａｒｉｃｅａｌｌｉｇａｔｉｏｎ (ＥＶＬ)ａｎｄｈｉｓｔｏａｃｒｙｌｉｎｊｅｃｔｉｏｎ ,ｏｐｉｎｉｏｎｓｏｎＥＶＳｄｉｆｆｅｒｇｒｅａｔｌ…     

Upper GI Bleeding in an Emergency Hospital: Etiology,Prognosis and Improved Survival by Endoscopic Hemostasis

Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a frequent diagnosis prompting hospital admission or complicating another preexisting condition. This report examines the experience of an urban medical center in the utilization of endoscopy and endoscopic hemostasis in the diagnosis and management of UGIB over a four-year period. The first portion of this study examines 562 admissions to a single institution with UGIB. The most common causes of bleeding were acute gastric mucosal lesions (AGML), 24%; esophageal varices (EV), 22%; gastric ulcers, 19%; duodenal ulcers, 14%; Mallory-Weiss tears, 11%; and esophagitis, 3%. Nonoperative treatment was sufficient in the majority of patients (89.5%). Endoscopic therapy was utilized in 144 patients (26%), of whom 12 required a subsequent operation. Fifty-eight patients (10.5%) underwent surgery; however, emergent operations were required in only 2.5% of the patients. Factors correlating with mortality included shock at the time of admission (SBP < 80), transfusion requirements of > 5 U PRBC, and presence of EV (each p < 0.001). The second part of this study examines the effect of thrombogenic sclerotherapy on both short and long-term survival in 101 patients referred with bleeding esophageal varices. Alcoholic cirrhosis was responsible for the majority (88%) of EV, and most patient were Child's C classification (84%). In long-term follow-up, rebleeding was significantly reduced (p = 0.03) in patients compliant with follow-up sclerotherapy. A trend toward decreased mortality was noted in patients compliant with sclerotherapy and in those who avoided further alcohol usage.     

Treatment of symptomatic simple renal cysts by percutaneous aspiration and ethanol sclerotherapy

OBJECTIVE: To report our experience with the use of 95% ethanol as sclerotherapy for symptomatic simple renal cysts. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty patients with 64 symptomatic simple renal cysts were treated by ultrasonography (US)-guided percutaneous aspiration and injection of 95% ethanol (31 men and 29 women, mean age 46 years, SD 22). The main presentation was renal pain in 34 patients, renal mass in nine, hypertension in 11 and haematuria in six; 24 cysts were on the right, 32 on the left and four bilateral. Patients were evaluated after 1 month and then every 6 months by clinical assessment, US and intravenous urography. Success was defined as complete when there was total ablation of the cyst and partial when there was a recurrence of less than half the original cyst volume with the resolution of symptoms. Failure was defined as the recurrence of more than half of cyst volume and/or persistent symptoms. RESULTS: After aspiration and ethanol sclerotherapy, there was microscopic haematuria in two patients and low-grade fever (<38.3 degrees C) in two, but no major complications. During a mean (range) follow-up of 19 (14-40) months there was complete cyst ablation in 54 cysts and partial resolution in 10. Pain disappeared or was much improved in all patients. After cyst ablation hypertension was well controlled with no medication in all 11 hypertensive patients and haematuria disappeared in all six affected patients. CONCLUSIONS: Ethanol sclerotherapy for symptomatic simple renal cysts is simple, minimally invasive and highly effective. We recommend it as the first therapeutic option in these patients.     

Facial teleangectasias: our experience in treatment with IPL

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Facial teleangectasias can be a relevant cosmetic problem, which the patient usually hides with a thick layer of makeup. This study will describe the response on these vascular lesions using the intense pulsed light (IPL) source. METHODS: Five hundred eighteen consecutive patients were treated with Photoderm VL (Lumenis Ltd.). The average age of patients of various skin types (Fitzpatrick I to IV) was 48.5 years. They were subjected to a mean of 1.69 treatments (range 1-9) followed up 48 hours, 72 hours, 1 week, 3 weeks, and 1 month after each treatment. All patients were followed up after 2 months from the last treatment and the percentage of clearance was assessed by comparing pre- and post-treatment photographs. The patients also answered a questionnaire in which they expressed personal satisfaction. The physicians evaluation was also recorded on the same form. RESULTS: Patients (87.64%) presented a clearance of 75%-100%. The results appear not correlated with lesions size, age, skin type but with operator experience. Minimal side adverse effects occurred in 20% of the patients. CONCLUSION: The IPL source, Photoderm VL, can be considered an alternative or a supplement to the existing laser devices for facial teleangectasias treatment.     

Fiberendoskopische Verödung von Oesophagusvaricen

Zusammenfassung Anhand einer 2jährigen Erfahrung berichten wir über die fiberendoskopische Verödung von Oesophagusvaricen. 170 Patienten wurden behandelt: 61 Frauen und 109 Männer zwischen 15 und 83 Jahren mit einem Altersgipfel im 5. Dezennium. Ursachen der portalen Hypertension waren in 162 Fällen eine Lebercirrhose und 8mal eine Milzvenen- bzw. Pfortaderthrombose. Die Varicenverödung erfolgte bei 47 Patienten während der Blutungsphase, in 101 Fällen im Intervall und 22mal prophylaktisch. Mit maximal drei Behandlungssitzungen ließen sich die Varicen nach der modifizierten intravasalen Injektionstechnik veröden. Akute Blutungen konnten in 83 % erfolgreich gestillt werden. Die Krankenhausletalität der akut behandelten Patienten betrug 30 %. In der Intervall-Gruppe lag sie bei 5 %. Keiner der prophylaktisch sklerosierten Patienten starb während der Behandlung. Die globale Spätletalität im Zeitraum bis zu 22 Monaten betrug 11,8 %. Häufigste Todesursache war terminale Leberinsuffizienz. Rezidivblutungen traten in 11,2 % auf und endeten bei jedem 5. Fall tödlich. Häufigste Komplikationen stellten Stenosen dar, die in 4 von 16 Fällen bougiert werden mußten. 2mal entwickelten sich oesophagopleurale Fisteln, die mit Bülau-Drainagen beherrscht werden konnten. Die Komplikationsrate betrug insgesamt 10,6 % ohne einen letalen Ausgang.

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Fiberscopic obliteration of esophageal varices

Summary We are reporting our 2 years experience in the fiberscopic sclerotherapy of esophageal varices. 170 patients from 15–83 years of age were treated (61 females and 109 males), the majority being around 50 years of age. In 162 cases, the cause of the portal hypertension was cirrhosis of the liver and in 8 cases thrombosis of the splenic or portal vein. 47 patients were treated during acute bleeding, 101 in the interval, and 22 prophylactically. Using the modified intravascular technique, most varices could be sclerosed after a maximum of three treatments. In 83 %, acute hemorrhages were stopped. The hospital mortality amounted to 30 %, while in the interval group only it was 5 %. None of the prophylactically treated patients died during their stay in hospital. The mortality after an average of 11.2 months amounted to 11.8 %: The main cause was liver failure. Bleeding reoccurred in 11.2 % and resulted in death in every fifth case. The most common complication, namely stenosis, arose in 16 cases and 4 of these necessitated dilation therapy. Esophagothoracic fistulae occurred in 2 cases and could be cured by siphon drainage. The rate of complication amounted to 10.6 %, without any lethal outcome.

     

腔内射频消融联合泡沫硬化剂治疗下肢静脉曲张的临床效果评价

目的探讨腔内射频消融联合泡沫硬化剂治疗下肢原发性大隐静脉曲张的临床治疗效果。 方法采用回顾性病例对照研究分析2016年6月至2018年12月东南大学附属徐州医院(徐州市中心医院)血管外科收治的520例原发性大隐静脉曲张患者，其中男性300例，女性220例；年龄30～80岁，平均(60±2)岁。研究组共纳入260例经腔内射频消融联合泡沫硬化剂注射治疗的原发性大隐静脉曲张患者，共320条肢体，所有患者在彩色多普勒超声引导下对大隐静脉主干予以射频消融闭合。同时联合小腿段曲张静脉及交通支点状剥脱和泡沫硬化剂应用进行治疗。同期260例接受传统手术的大隐静脉曲张患者作为对照组。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后早期下床活动时间、住院时间、术后疼痛评分以及隐神经损伤、切口感染、深静脉血栓形成、血肿等并发症的发生率，同时对两组患者进行随访，比较两组术后生活质量、术后6个月和12个月大隐静脉主干闭合情况以及1年下肢静脉曲张复发率。 结果研究组手术时间(30.0±3.6)min比对照组(60.4±5.9)min、出血量(20.3±4.6)mL比对照组出血量(80.0±3.2)mL、术后早期下床活动时间(1.0±0.3)h比对照组(6.3±2.0)h、住院时间(2.0±0.8)d比对照组(7.5±1.2)d、术后疼痛评分(3.2±0.3)分比对照组(5.4±1.2)分以及隐神经损伤率0(0/260)比对照组2.3%(6/260)、切口感染0(0/260)比对照组3.0%(8/260)、深静脉血栓形成率0(0/260)比对照组1.9%(5/260)、大腿段血肿发生率0(0/260)比对照组6.9%(18/260)均低于传统手术组，生活质量评分(56.78±3.21)也较对照组术后(42.23±2.81)明显改善，差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。术后随访结果显示：6个月时，研究组有3例患者大隐静脉主干出现部分血流；12个月时为5例。但血液返流到大腿中段即消失，小腿段未见明显曲张血管。而对照组6个月和12个月时的大隐静脉再通率分别为1.5%(4/260)和1.9%(5/260)，但两组患者术后1年的下肢静脉曲张复发率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论腔内射频消融联合泡沫硬化剂注射对原发性大隐静脉曲张的疗效肯定，短期及中期效果好，为日间手术提供一种较好的模式。     

CT引导下穿刺注射乙酸治疗肾囊肿的临床应用

目的：探讨乙酸作为硬化剂治疗肾囊肿的方法和疗效。方法：在CT引导下,用21G穿刺针经皮穿刺对42例单发性肾囊肿抽吸后,注入50%的乙酸行硬化治疗。囊肿直径最大10．5cm,最小3．5cm。注入硬化责4的量约为抽出囊液的1／4左右。术后3～36个月复查“B”超或CT观察其疗效：结果：42例肾囊肿经抽吸并行50％乙酸硬化治疗后,有20例术后出现短暂性肾区疼痛,无1例严重并发症发生。3-36个月经“B”超或CT随访,有效率为951％,其中囊腔消失率为80．9％。结论：50％的乙酸作为硬化剂治疗肾囊肿,疗效好,并发症少,值得临床推广应用.     

套扎及硬化术治疗食管下段胃底静脉曲张15例分析

目的探讨食管下段胃底静脉曲张内镜下治疗及其安全性.方法 1995年3月至2005年5月对15例食管下段胃底静脉曲张患者行硬化和套扎治疗. 结果 1例胃底静脉曲张出血急诊硬化治疗后血止,硬化术中出血4例,经再次注射或附加气囊压迫后血止,套扎术未并发术中出血,1例套扎术后第13天再次出血,内科治疗无效,改行手术治疗. 结论内镜治疗对食管下段胃底静脉曲张疗效较满意,初步印象中套扎治疗对静脉曲张明显者安全性较高.     

部分脾动脉栓塞术联合内镜治疗门脉高压症合并中重度食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血的疗效分析

目的　研究内镜下食管静脉曲张套扎术（EVL）、胃静脉曲张硬化术（GVS）联合部分脾动脉栓塞术（PSE）对门脉高压症（PH）合并中重度食管胃静脉曲张（EGV）破裂出血的疗效、安全性及经济性。方法　纳入92例有明确EGV出血的肝硬化PH的住院患者。43例接受EVL/GVS联合PSE治疗为观察组,49例患者接受EVL/GVS治疗为对照组。比较2组患者中重度EGV的根治率、复发率、再出血率、住院天数、安全性及住院总费用。结果　观察组、对照组第1、3个月在EGV根治率、复发率、再出血率方面差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。第6、12个月观察组EGV根治率显著高于对照组（均P＜0.05）,复发率和再出血率显著低于对照组（均P＜0.05）,观察组住院总费用（万元：8.97 vs. 13.77）、住院总天数（d：27.0 vs. 43.0）显著低于对照组（均P＜0.01）。PSE常见并发症为发热、腹痛、腹腔积液、腹腔感染,严重并发症为脾脓肿。结论　内镜套扎、硬化联合部分脾动脉栓塞术治疗门脉高压症合并中重度EGV破裂出血中长期疗效与单纯内镜套扎、硬化术相比有较高的根治率,较低的复发率、再出血率、住院总费用及住院总天数。PSE并发症可控。     

大隐静脉曲张微创治疗进展

大隐静脉曲张(GSVV)是一张常见疾病,主要表现为下肢浅静脉迂曲扩张,常合并溃疡、湿疹、静脉炎等。由于静脉血液动力学改变,使静脉主干和皮肤毛细血管压力增高, 导致皮肤皮下缺血缺氧和营养缺乏, 皮肤色素沉着、 纤维化、 皮下脂肪硬化、 皮肤萎缩, 最终形成静脉性溃疡;随着医疗技术的发展,各种微创治疗方式应用于GSVV,该文就GSVV治疗现状予以综述。