超声引导经皮穿刺硬化治疗肝泡型包虫病

目的：探索一种治疗肝泡型包虫病的新途径。方法：对５例经穿刺活检确诊的肝泡型包虫病,在超声引导下和监视下穿刺采用肿块内多点注射纯酒精法进行硬化治疗,对于巨大肿块坏死液化者抽完液化液,注入纯酒精为抽出量地１０～５０％保留于液化腔。同时服用足量的抗包虫药。结果：５例８个肿块全部有效,显效３例,肿块缩小２０％以上并有明显钙化,好转的２例肿块亦有所缩小并出现钙化征象。穿刺最多的１１次,平均５次,无一例出现腹痛、出血和感染等并发症。观察最长的５６个月,平均２９个月,未发现包虫种植扩散的任何迹象。结论：本研究认为：超声引导穿刺硬化治疗肝泡型包虫病是一种简便易行、创伤轻微、安全实用、疗效可靠的新途径     

Prognostic indicators of successful endoscopic sclerotherapy for prevention of rebleeding from oesophageal varices in cirrhosis: a long-term cohort study

Background. Although band ligation is now recommended for prevention of rebleeding from oesophageal varices in cirrhosis, sclerotherapy is still widely used. Patients submitted to chronic sclerotherapy undergo several endoscopies and experience a large number of serious complications. However, long-term outcome is poorly defined.

Aims. To assess the clinical course and prognostic indicators of patients undergoing chronic sclerotherapy for prevention of variceal rebleeding as a basis for future evaluation of long-term band ligation outcome.

Methods. Prospective cohort study prognostic analysis by the Cox proportional hazards model.

Results. A total of 218 consecutive cirrhotic patients (37 Child class A, 154 B, 27 CJ were enrolled in the study. Varices were obliterated in 139 (64%) patients in a mean of 5 (±2.6) sessions and recurred in 58/139 (41.7%) within one year. A total of 132 (60%) patients experienced 283 rebleeding episodes and 73 (33%) died. Bleeding from oesophageal ulcers was the most serious complication causing 14% of all rebleeding episodes. Significant prognostic indicators of sclerotherapy outcome were: Child-Pugh class for variceal obliteration; gastric varices and platelet count for recurrence of varices; failure to obliterate varices, variceal size and gastric varices for rebleeding; blood urea nitrogen and failure to obliterate varices for death. Presence of gastric varices was the only prognostic indicator for death in the 79 patients not achieving variceal obliteration. A mean of 10 endoscopies and of 6 hospital admissions were needed per each patient with an estimated cost of US$ 7154 per patient during the first two years of therapy.

Conclusions. Sclerotherapy is a very demanding and costly treatment, and is associated with frequent and serious side-effects. The probability of treatment failure is significantly higher in Child C patients with gastric varices. Alternative treatments should be considered for these patients.     

急诊内镜下硬化与结扎治疗食管静脉曲张出血疗效对比观察

目的：研究对比食管静脉曲张出血的硬化与结扎治疗效果。方法：162倒肝硬变食管静脉曲张出血的病人分为两组,食管曲张静脉硬化治疗（EVS）组66例,食管曲张静脉结扎治疗（EVL）组96例。结果：在EVS组和EVL组中急诊止血率分别为92．4％和95．8％,两组无显著差异。曲张静脉消失率分别为60．6％和91．7％,两者有显著差异（P〈0．05）。再出血率分别为6％和无。结论：在急诊治疗食管静脉曲张出血中EVL优于EVS。     

无水乙醇联合组织胶硬化栓塞儿童高回流静脉畸形临床疗效分析

目的 探讨无水乙醇联合组织胶硬化栓塞治疗儿童高回流静脉畸形的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2009年4月至2014年10月全身麻醉下介入硬化剂治疗的339例静脉畸形患儿临床资料.对137例高回流静脉畸形患儿施行无水乙醇联合α-氰基丙烯酸正丁酯(NBCA)硬化栓塞治疗.术后随访6～24个月,平均15个月.结果 137例高回流静脉畸形患儿均成功接受无水乙醇联合NBCA胶治疗,其中23例治愈,31例基本治愈,42例有效(好转),总有效率为70％(96/137).1例NBCA胶回流导致异位栓塞,8例皮肤破溃,3例术中出现一过性肺动脉高压,不良反应发生率为8％(12/137).结论 无水乙醇联合NBCA胶硬化栓塞治疗儿童高回流静脉畸形,是一种安全有效、不良反应发生率低的治疗方法.     

Cap-assisted endoscopic sclerotherapy for hemorrhoids: Methods,feasibility and efficacy

AIM: To evaluate the methodology, feasibility, safety and efficacy of a novel method called cap-assisted endoscopic sclerotherapy(CAES) for internal hemorrhoids.METHODS: A pilot study on CAES for grade Ⅰ to Ⅲ internal hemorrhoids was performed. Colon and terminal ileum examination by colonoscopy was performed for all patients before starting CAES. Polypectomy and excision of anal papilla fibroma were performed if polyps or anal papilla fibroma were found and assessed to be suitable for resection under endoscopy. CAES was performed based on the requirement of the cap, endoscope, disposable endoscopic long injection needle, enough insufflated air and sclerosing agent.RESULTS: A total of 30 patients with grade Ⅰ to Ⅲ internal hemorrhoids was included. The follow-up was more than four weeks. No bleeding was observed after CAES. One(3.33%) patient claimed mild tenesmus within four days after CAES in that an endoscopist performed this procedure for the first time. One hundred percent of patients were satisfied with this novel procedure, especially for those patients who underwent CAES in conjunction with polypectomy or excision of anal papilla fibroma.CONCLUSION: CAES as a novel endoscopic sclerotherapy should be a convenient, safe and effective flexible endoscopic therapy for internal hemorrhoids.     

大隐静脉曲张治疗方法合理选择及评价

大隐静脉曲张是一种常见的下肢静脉疾病,发病率约占成年人的50%,是下肢静脉功能不全的表现。若不处理,可因长期淤血出现下肢皮肤色素沉着、静脉性溃疡、血栓性浅静脉炎等并发症。大隐静脉曲张长期以来的治疗方法是传统外科手术,即大隐静脉高位结扎、全程抽剥。近年来,随着腔内技术的发展,大隐静脉曲张也出现了多种腔内治疗方法,其治疗也有由开放向腔内转变的趋势。但腔内治疗的效果,尤其是对于重度大隐静脉曲张的远期疗效仍未有定论。     

下肢静脉曲张微创治疗进展

<正>下肢静脉功能不全是血管外科的常见病,在人群中发病率很高。随着病情发展,除表现为静脉曲张外,患肢还可出现肿胀、出血、色素沉着、湿疹以及难愈性溃疡等。静脉功能不全可分为原发性和继发性。国内外流行病学研究报道原发性下肢静脉功能不全在成人中的发病率高达10%~35%[1]。继发性静脉功能不全病因多数为深静脉血栓形成后综合征导致的静脉流出道梗阻,治疗原则和方法与原发性病变不同,在临床诊治过程中需要注意对静脉曲     

内镜下硬化及结扎治疗食道静脉曲张出血疗效对比(附162例分析)

[目的 ]对比食道静脉曲张出血的硬化与结扎治疗效果。[方法 ]16 2例肝硬化食道静脉曲张出血的病人分为两组 ,食管静脉硬化治疗 (EVS)组 6 6例 ,食管静脉结扎治疗 (EVL)组 96例。[结果 ]在EVS组和EVL组中急诊止血率分别为 92 .4 %和 95 .8% ,两组无显著性差异。曲张静脉消失率分别为 6 0 .6 %和 91.7% ,两者有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。再出血率分别为 6 .0 %和 0。[结论 ]在治疗食道静脉出血中EVL法优于EVS法。