Development of vestibular ocular reflex and gross motor function in infants with common cavity deformity as a type of inner ear malformation

Background： The function of common cavity deformity demonstrated by temporal bone CT and MRI has been unknown.

Aim/Objective: To investigate the developmental changes of vestibular ocular reflex and acquisition of postural control in infants with common cavity deformity.

Material and methods: Eight infants who were congenitally deaf complicated by common cavity deformity were studied. The damped rotational chair test was carried out to evaluate vestibular ocular reflex. Acquisition of head control and independent walking in these infants was compared with that in normal infant’s milestones of gross motor development.

Results: All of the eight infants with common cavity deformity did not show per-rotatory nystagmus in the damped rotational chair test around the first year of life. However, a normal number of beats and a longer duration of per-rotatory nystagmus for their age were recorded at around three or four years of age.

Conclusions and significance: In the eight infants with common cavity deformity, vestibular ocular reflex was not present around the first year of life, but appeared after three or four years probably because of some vestibular sensory cells. Head control and independent walking were delayed but eventually acquired by the central vestibular compensation.     

颈椎旋转复位手法合局部按揉冈下肌治疗肱骨外上髁炎40例

肱骨外上髁炎是以肘关节肱骨下端的背侧╥痛、钝痛,不能端抬重物为主要症状的临床常见病症。笔者从１９９８年４月～１９９８年１２月,用颈椎旋转复位法和局部按揉冈下肌之法治疗本病４０例,效果颇为满意,现报道如下。１　临床资料本组４０例中,男１６例,女２４例;年龄２５～５０岁,病程２天～数年,平均为６个月。左侧１２例,右侧２８例。主诉为肘外侧疼痛,常发生在拧毛巾,倒水及持重物或伸屈肘关节等活动时,局部疼痛加剧,向肩背或手背放射;其中１５例有颈部不适感,伴有背部╥痛１５例,大部分患者经过其他方法治疗,１５例…     

Serotonergic influence on the potentiation of D-amphetamine and apomorphine-induced rotational behavior by the α2-adrenoceptor antagonist 2-methoxy idazoxan in hemiparkinsonian rats

Summary. The α₂-adrenoceptor antagonists potentiate both ipsilateral and contralateral rotations induced by amphetamine and apomorphine respectively in hemiparkinsonian rats. The present study investigated the role of serotonergic transmission in this potentiation in unilaterally 6-hydroxydopamine nigral lesioned rats. D-amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) produced ipsilateral rotations, which were decreased by the dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) and the α₁-receptor antagonist prazosin (1 mg/kg, i.p.). The selective α₂-antagonist 2-methoxy idazoxan (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) potentiated the amphetamine-induced ipsilateral rotations, that were attenuated by haloperidol and prazosin. The selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor citalopram (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and selective serotonin synthesis inhibitor p-chlorophenylalanine (150 mg/kg, i.p., 3 days) decreased and increased the observed potentiation respectively. Apomorphine (0.2 mg/kg, s.c.) produced contralateral rotations, which were decreased by haloperidol but not by prazosin. 2-methoxy idazoxan potentiated these rotations which were attenuated by haloperidol but not by prazosin. Citalopram and p-chlorophenylalanine increased and decreased the observed potentiation respectively. Citalopram and p-chlorophenylalanine had no effect by per se on D-amphetamine and apomorphine-induced rotations. 2-methoxy idazoxan alone increased both ipsilateral and contralateral spontaneous rotations. Taken together, these findings indicate that an increase in noradrenergic tone by 2-methoxy idazoxan potentiates both D-amphetamine-induced ipsilateral and apomorphine induced contralateral rotations. α₁-Antagonism attenuates D-amphetamine induced ipsilateral rotations and its potentiation by 2-methoxy idazoxan but not apomorphine rotations or its potentiation. Increasing and decreasing the serotonergic transmission decreases and increases D-amphetamine potentiation, whereas increases and decreases apomorphine potentiation respectively. The possible mechanisms for these findings are discussed.     

冠脉内旋磨术联合低压球囊扩张治疗支架内再狭窄

对 3例冠状动脉支架内再狭窄的病人先行冠状动脉旋磨术 ,然后以 4 0 5.2～ 60 7.8kPa的低压力行球囊扩张 ,探讨了其对治疗再狭窄的安全性及有效性。结果显示 :3例病人手术皆获成功 ,围术期无并发症 ,术后随访 6～ 1 2个月无死亡或出现心绞痛、心肌梗死及其他冠心病事件。提示 :冠状动脉旋磨术与球囊扩张联合应用是一种安全有效的治疗支架内再狭窄的方法。     

不同径路行冠状动脉内旋磨术治疗重度钙化病变的对比研究

目的对照研究经桡动脉和股动脉途径行冠状动脉内旋磨术(RA)治疗重度钙化病变的安全性和有效性。方法回顾分析2008年1月—2012年9月期间,我院对107例行冠状动脉介入治疗患者术中发现重度钙化、球囊无法充分扩张或支架无法通过的病变联合RA治疗,按介入径路不同,分为TRI组(经桡动脉途径,n=59)和TFI组(经股动脉途径,n=48),观察两组的有效性:旋磨成功率、支架植入成功率、术后平均卧床时间、平均住院天数等,安全性:术中和围手术期并发症发生率、住院期间及术后一年的临床主要不良心脏事件(MACE)的随访结果。结果桡动脉组和股动脉组的RA治疗的成功率均为100%(NS),支架植入成功率(100%和97.9%,P=0.265)、旋磨术后即刻总体并发症(15.3%和18.2%,P=0.675)、支架术后即刻总体并发症发生率(3.4%和4.2%,P=0.833)、住院期间MACE发生率(7.9%和16.7%,P=0.156)和一年随访的MACE发生率(3.4%和6.0%,P=0.516)差异无显著性,但桡动脉组在穿刺总体并发症发生率(3.4%和18.8%,P=0.009)、术后桡动脉组平均卧床时间(9.1±18.0)h和(38.4±25.8)h,P0.001、平均住院天数(3.8±1.5)d和(5.3±1.7)d,P0.001,显著优于股动脉组。结论经桡动脉途径行冠脉内旋RA治疗重度钙化病变同股动脉途径同样安全有效,而病人耐受性更佳。     

The Effect of Methanol on the Structural Parameters of Neuronal Membrane Lipid Bilayers

The structures of the intact synaptosomal plasma membrane vesicles (SPMVs) isolated from bovine cerebral cortexs, and the outer and the inner monolayer separately, were evaluated with 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) and 1,3-di(1-pyrenyl)propane (Py-3-Py) as fluorescent reporters and trinitrophenyl groups as quenching agents. The methanol increased bulk rotational and lateral mobilities of SPMVs lipid bilayers. The methanol increased the rotational and lateral mobilities of the outer monolayers more than of the inner monolayers. n-(9-Anthroyloxy)stearic acid (n-AS) were used to evaluate the effect of the methanol on the rotational mobility at the 16, 12, 9, 6, and 2 position of aliphatic chains present in phospholipids of the SPMVs outer monolayers. The methanol decreased the anisotropy of the 16-(9-anthroyloxy)palmitic acid (16-AP), 12-(9-anthroyloxy)stearic acid (12-AS), 9-(9-anthroyloxy)stearic acid (9-AS), and 6-(9-anthroyloxy)stearic acid (6-AS) in the SPMVs outer monolayer but it increased the anisotropy of 2-(9-anthroyloxy)stearic acid (2-AS) in the monolayers. The magnitude of the increased rotational mobility by the methanol was in the order at the position of 16, 12, 9, and 6 of aliphatic chains in phospholipids of the outer monolayers. Furthermore, the methanol increased annular lipid fluidity and also caused membrane proteins to cluster. The important finding is that was far greater increase by methanol in annular lipid fluidity than increase in lateral and rotational mobilities by the methanol. Methanol alters the stereo or dynamics of the proteins in the lipid bilayers by combining with lipids, especially with the annular lipids. In conclusion, the present data suggest that methanol, in additions to its direct interaction with proteins, concurrently interacts with membrane lipids, fluidizing the membrane, and thus inducing conformational changes of proteins known to be intimately associated with membranes lipids.     

Intra and Inter-Molecular Interactions Dictate the Aggregation State of Irinotecan Co-Encapsulated with Floxuridine Inside Liposomes

PURPOSE: The inter/intramolecular interactions between drugs (floxuridine, irinotecan) and excipients (copper gluconate, triethanolamine) in the dual-drug liposomal formulation CPX-1 were elucidated in order to identify the physicochemical properties that allow coordinated release of irinotecan and floxuridine and maintenance of the two agents at a fixed, synergistic 1:1 molar ratio. METHODS: Release of irinotecan and floxuridine from the liposomes was assessed using an in vitro-release assay. Fluorescence, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and UV-Vis were used to characterize the aggregation state of the drugs within the liposomes. RESULTS: Coordinated release of the drugs from liposomes was disrupted by removing copper gluconate. Approximately 45% of the total irinotecan was detectable in the copper-containing CPX-1 formulation by NMR, which decreased to 19% without copper present in the liposomal interior. Formation of higher order, NMR-silent aggregates was associated with slower and uncoordinated irinotecan release relative to floxuridine and loss of the synergistic drug/drug ratio. Solution spectroscopy and calorimetry revealed that while all formulation components were required to achieve the highest solubility of irinotecan, direct drug-excipient binding interactions were absent. CONCLUSIONS: Long-range interactions between irinotecan, floxuridine and excipients modulate the aggregation state of irinotecan, allowing for simultaneous release of both drugs from the liposomes.     

Rotational Flap Repair of Full Thickness Eyelid Defects without a Posterior Lamellar Graft or Flap

Background: To determine the safety and effectiveness of full thickness eyelid reconstructions using a semicircular rotational flap without reconstructing the posterior lamella.

Methods: The charts of all patients undergoing semicircular flap closure of full thickness eyelid defects by one surgeon (JDP) at the Cole Eye Institute between March 2000 and October 2012 were reviewed. Charts were reviewed for patient demographic information, as well as for the size of the defect, the type of flap used, length of follow-up and complications.

Results: Fifty eyelids of 50 patients underwent a semicircular flap repair without posterior lamellar reconstruction during the study period, and 41 charts were available for review. Average patient age was 74 years (range, 40–92 years). Average follow-up was 9.8 months (range, 1–84 months). Average defect size was 19.1?mm (range, 14–30?mm, SD 4.6). Complications included pyogenic granuloma (10 patients, 24.4%), exposure keratopathy (7 patients, 17.1%) lagophthalmos (5 patients, 12.2%), ectropion (6 patients, 14.6%), lateral canthal dystopia (2 cases, 4.9%), eyelid notch (2 cases, 4.9%) and trichiasis (4 cases, 9.8%). Two patients underwent subsequent tarsorrhaphy and one patient underwent ectropion repair. There were no cases of wound dehiscence, diplopia or fornix inadequacy, and the recruited aspect of the eyelid healed well in each case. No case required reconstruction of the eyelid margin or fornix.

Conclusions: Semicircular flap repair of full thickness eyelid defects without flap or graft repair of the posterior lamella results in an adequate fornix and a low rate of secondary surgery.     

Asymmetry in D-2 binding in female rat striata

An asymmetry in D-2 receptor densities (Bmax) measured by [3H]N-methyl spiperone binding was found in striata from female Sprague-Dawley rats. The D-2 Bmax on the right side was on average 40% greater than the D-2 Bmax on the left side. This asymmetry is greater in magnitude and opposite in direction to that reported for males and is independent of directional preference exhibited during nocturnal circling.     

Effect of deprivation of the paradoxical phase of sleep on rotational and stereotyped behavior induced by selective agonists of dopamine receptors

Research Institute of Pharmacology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 110, No. 11, pp. 495–497, November, 1990.