Formulation,optimization, and nephrotoxicity evaluation of an antifungal in situ nasal gel loaded with voriconazole‒clove oil transferosomal nanoparticles

Fungal infections of the paranasal cavity are among the most widely spread illnesses nowadays. The aim of the current study was to estimate the effectiveness of an in situ gel loaded with voriconazole‒clove oil nano-transferosomes (VRC-CO-NT) in enhancing the activity of voriconazole against Aspergillus flavus, which causes rhinosinusitis. The nephrotoxic side effects of voriconazole may be reduced through the incorporation of the clove oil, which has antioxidant activity that protects tissue. The Box‒Behnken design was applied to formulate the VRC-CO-NT. The particle size, entrapment efficiency, antifungal inhibition zone, and serum creatinine concentration were considered dependent variables, and the soybean lecithin, VRC, and CO concentrations were considered independent ones. The final optimized formulation was loaded into a deacetylated gellan gum base and evaluated for its gelation, rheological properties, drug release profile, permeation capabilities, and in vivo nephrotoxicity. The optimum formulation was determined to be composed of 50 mg/mL lecithin, 18 mg/mL VRC, and 75 mg/mL CO, with a minimum particle size of 102.96 nm, an entrapment efficiency of 71.70%, an inhibition zone of 21.76 mm, and a serum creatinine level of 0.119 mmol/L. The optimized loaded in situ gel released 82.5% VRC after 12 hours and resulted in a 5.4-fold increase in drug permeation. The in vivo results obtained using rabbits resulted in a nonsignificant differentiation among the renal function parameters compared with the negative control group. In conclusion, nasal in situ gel loaded with VRC-CO-NT is considered an efficient novel carrier with enhanced antifungal properties with no signs of nephrotoxicity.     

慢性鼻窦炎动物模型应用现状及评价指标

目的慢性鼻窦炎（chrohic rhinosinusitis,CRS）是上呼吸道常见的慢性炎症性疾病,已经成为严重影响公众健康的慢性疾病之一,根据目前国内外指南的治疗方法难以根治,主要原因是该疾病病因复杂呈异质性、发病机制尚不完全清楚,而基础研究缺乏成熟稳定的动物模型是重要原因。目前建立的CRS动物模型还存在各种争议,未形成成熟稳定公认的动物模型。本文就近十年来国内外建立CRS动物模型的现状进行简要综述,分析各种动物模型的优缺点,以期对未来研究CRS选择正确的模型起指导作用。     

慢性鼻窦炎的内表型研究进展及精准治疗

慢性鼻窦炎（CRS）是耳鼻咽喉头颈外科的常见疾病,其内在的病理机制复杂,目前治疗的主要方式有药物治疗和手术治疗,但对于某些特殊内表型的CRS,手术往往无效。近年在精准医学的倡导下,趋向于根据CRS的内表型,研制新的生物制剂,施予精准治疗方案,包括针对Ⅱ型炎症内表型、嗜酸粒细胞型内表型、上皮屏障功能和上皮来源细胞因子内表型等。     

儿童慢性鼻窦炎的外科治疗研究进展

近年来,儿童慢性鼻窦炎(CRS)越来越受到耳鼻咽喉科医生的重视。临床上,有一部分儿童CRS患者经过规范的药物治疗(不少于12周)后症状仍难以改善,甚至加重,或是经常复发,导致治疗失败。大量的临床实践表明,儿童鼻窦FESS手术可以取得比较满意的临床疗效,但仍有医师对儿童鼻窦FESS手术治疗存在质疑。鼻窦球囊扩张术治疗慢性鼻窦炎于2005年被引入耳鼻咽喉科。在过去的十几年里,有充分的证据支持它在治疗成人慢性鼻窦炎(CRS)方面的安全性和有效性。鼻窦球囊扩张术手术过程中不去除骨质,保留大部分或全部鼻窦黏膜,以极低的风险恢复鼻窦的通气,这样微创的方式适用于儿童。本文将对儿童慢性鼻窦炎外科治疗的相关研究进展做一综述。     

Nuestra experiencia en el manejo de las complicaciones orbitarias en la rinosinusitis aguda

Background and objectiveThe spread of an infection from the paranasal sinuses is rare but severe. Between 4% and 20% of all rhinosinusitis can become complicated, orbital involvement being the most frequent (60-75%). Orbital complications are more common in children but more severe in adults. We aim to analyse the epidemiological characteristics of these patients and to propose a management algorithm.Materials and methodsWe carried out a retrospective review of 21 patients with orbital complications of acute rhinosinusitis diagnosed in the same institution from 2005 to 2018. The diagnosis was based on clinical history, endoscopic examination and imaging tests. All patients received an intravenous antibiotic and were assessed by ophthalmology. An immediate surgical treatment was performed in the case of an abscess or poor response to medical management.ResultsThe average age was 24 years. Fifty-two percent were males and 48% females. According to Chandler's classification, 43% (9/21) had preseptal cellulitis (7 adults and 2 children), 10% (2/21) orbital cellulitis (one adult and one child), 43% (9/21) subperiosteal abscess (2 adults and 7 children), there was one case of orbital abscess in an adult and there were no cases of cavernous sinus thrombosis. A CT scan was performed in all patients and the cases of subperiosteal or orbital abscess were treated surgically, except 2 paediatric patients (<4 years) with a small and medial subperiosteal abscess (<4 mm) who responded well to medical treatment. The surgical approach is performed by endonasal endoscopy, perforating the lamina papyracea in cases of subperiosteal abscess and also opening the periorbita in orbital abscess. It was combined with an external palpebral approach in the 4 cases that presented a superior or lateral abscess. Two young adults (10%) presented an intracranial complication concomitantly.ConclusionOrbital complications of acute rhinosinusitis are rare but potentially severe. It is important to be aware of and suspect them in order to act quickly. It is essential to define the location and extension of the infection for correct management, as well as multidisciplinary treatment. The surgical approach is performed by endonasal endoscopy. It is limited by abscesses located on the roof of the orbit or on the lateral wall, when a combined external palpebral approach is required.     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者血清IgE、IL-5及HMGB1的表达及其临床意义

目的:观察慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者血清IgE、IL-5及HMGB1的表达及其临床意义.方法:选取我院耳鼻喉科收治确诊的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者,分为伴有鼻息肉组(CRSwNP组)91例、不伴有鼻息肉组(CRSsNP组)75例,入院后均给予规范治疗,选取同期我科诊断为单纯鼻中隔偏曲的患者60例为对照组.测定3组血清IgE、IL-5、...