豚鼠应激性胃溃疡模型的制作与验证的实验研究

该实验首次应用豚鼠水浸拘束法制作应激性胃溃疡的模型,从胃溃疡指数、应激前后胃电活动的变化、胃粘膜病理改变等方面观察应激性胃溃疡的发生、发展过程。该实验模型易制作,重复性好,适合应用于应激性胃溃疡的实验研究。     

多脏器微栓塞病细胞综合征动物实验模型──定义、判断标准、发生机制及其与临床的关系

利用健康杂交犬制作了多脏器微栓塞病细胞综合征（ＰＯＭＳ）模型,观察在不同时限、不同组织器官造成的病理生理改变。从中发现,钳夹腹主动脉阻断血流后,其供血器官都发生了ＲＯＭＳ,且不同器官的功能与结构损害有发生时间和程度的不同,但均有不同程度的微栓塞形成趋势,这有助对“多脏器衰竭”概念认识的深化。     

Animal models of Parkinson's disease: An empirical comparison with the phenomenology of the disease in man

Summary Animal models are an important aid in experimental medical science because they enable one to study the pathogenetic mechanisms and the therapeutic principles of treating the functional disturbances (symptoms) of human diseases. Once the causative mechanism is understood, animal models are also helpful in the development of therapeutic approaches exploiting this understanding. On the basis of experimental and clinical findings. Parkinson's disease (PD) became the first neurological disease to be treated palliatively by neurotransmitter replacement therapy.The pathological hallmark of PD is a specific degeneration of nigral and other pigmented brainstem nuclei, with a characteristic inclusion, the Lewy body, in remaining nerve cells. There is now a lot of evidence that degeneration of the dopaminergic nigral neurones and the resulting striatal dopamine-deficiency syndrome are responsible for its classic motor symptoms akinesia and bradykinesia. PD is one of many human diseases which do not appear to have spontaneously arisen in animals. The characteristic features of the disease can however be more or less faithfully imitated in animals through the administration of various neurotoxic agents and drugs disturbing the dopaminergic neurotransmission.The cause of chronic nigral cell death in PD and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The partial elucidation of the processes underlie the selective action of neurotoxic substances such as 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), has however revealed possible molecular mechanisms that give rise to neuronal death. Accordingly, hypotheses concerning the mechanisms of these neurotoxines have been related to the pathogenesis of nigral cell death in PD.The present contribution starts out by describing some of the clinical, pathological and neurochemical phenomena of PD. The currently most important animal models (e.g. the reserpine model, neuroleptic-induced catalepsy, tremor models, experimentally-induced degeneration of nigro-striatal dopaminergic neurons with 6-OHDA, methamphetamine, MPTP, MPP⁺, tetrahydroisoquinolines, -carbolines, and iron) critically reviewed next, and are compared with the characteristic features of the disease in man.     

三黄软膏皮肤用药毒性实验研究

为观察三黄软膏药物外用的安全性 ,进行了动物完整皮肤及破损皮肤长期接触三黄软膏 ,经皮肤渗透对局部及全身产生的毒性和反应的恢复程度 ,用三黄软膏 2g·kg-1、10g·kg-1剂量 (分别相当于 6 0kg人临床用量的 10、5 0倍 )连续对家用兔外用给药4周及停药恢复性观察 2周。结果表明给药期动物的皮肤状况、全身症状、行为活动、摄食、粪便性状、体重增长、血液学均未见明显的毒性反应 ,而高剂量组动物血液生化指标AST、ALT明显增高 ,病理组织学检查时肝水肿明显 ,可见有一定的毒性反应 ;停药期动物的血液生化指标AST、ALT肝组织病理组织学检查恢复正常 ,其他各项指标均未见明显的毒性反应 ,可见该毒性反应是可逆恢复的。表明三黄软膏在临床用药范围内连续使用是比较安全的。     

复方寄生流浸膏对高血压动物模型降压作用的研究

为探讨复方寄生流浸膏(主药：桑寄生、淫洋藿、女贞子、生黄芪、泽泻等)治疗高血压的疗效，观察该药单次用药与连续14d用药对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)和肾性高血压模型犬(RHD)的降压作用，并与牛黄降压丸、硝苯地平胶囊比较。结果：复方寄生流浸膏对SHR和RHD单次给药和多次给药均有显著的降压作用；这种作用起效缓慢，但维持时间相对较长；在一定剂量范围内呈明显的量效关系。提示该药有降压作用。     

Students' acceptance of clinical xenotransplantation

The aim of this study was to elucidate undergraduate university students' views on clinical xenotransplantation. A total of 1875 students from eight faculties at Uppsala University and the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences answered a questionnaire. Three out of four respondents would be prepared to receive a transplant from an animal on medical grounds if necessary. Forty percent had signed an organ donation card. There was no difference in attitude between those who had signed an allotransplantion card and those who had not. According to gender, age, length of university program, and faculty, results showed that a higher proportion of those who approved were male, young, and studying on programs longer than three years; also, they were more likely to study programs in the Faculties of Agriculture and Pharmacy. At the Medical Faculty, nursing students seemed to be less approving, compared to future biomedical analysts, biomedical scientists, and physicians. The acceptance of xenotransplantation also tended to be positively associated with morally accepting and understanding the use of animals in biomedical research, the approval of euthanasia, the approval of early abortion, and the use of human fetuses in research, as well as clinical testing of humans.     

消瘀散消肿止痛作用的实验观察

消瘀散在临床运用中有较好的消肿止痛之功效．为了证实其药理作用，作者用大白鼠建立急性软组织损伤和血肿的实验模型，使用消疾散进行治疗。观察结果表明该药能够有效抑制创伤性无菌性炎症反应，促进血肿吸收，提高实验动物的痛阈值；而且药效随作用时间的延长而逐渐增加。实验结果为该药的消肿止痛作用提供了科学依据。     

高压氧预处理对宫内缺血缺氧大鼠脑组织及血浆神经肽Y含量的影响

目的 :探讨高压氧 (HBO)预处理对宫内缺血缺氧大鼠脑组织及血浆神经肽Y含量的影响。方法 :采用放射免疫法测定 2 5例正常胎鼠 (对照组 )、2 7例宫内缺血缺氧胎鼠 (缺血缺氧组 )及 1 9例经高压氧预处理宫内缺血缺氧胎鼠 (HBO组 )中枢及外周血神经肽Y的含量。结果 :HBO组胎鼠脑及外周血神经肽Y的含量分别为 52 .64±1 2 .1 6pg/mg及 1 99.51± 49.36ng/L ,缺血缺氧组胎鼠脑及外周血神经肽Y的含量分别为87.2 5± 2 3.63pg/mg及 2 51 .53±55 .2 8ng/L ,对照组胎鼠神经肽Y含量为 48.63± 1 0 .72pg/mg及 1 4 7.35± 31 .49ng/L ;与对照组相比 ,缺血缺氧组胎鼠中枢及外周神经肽Y含量均显著升高 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;HBO组神经肽Y含量显著低于缺血缺氧组 (P <0 .0 5)。结论 :神经肽Y与围生期缺血缺氧的发生密切相关 ,HBO预处理具有改善宫内缺血缺氧的作用 ,其机理可能与抑制神经肽Y的生成有关