低剂量奥沙利铂并氟脲嘧啶对晚期复发直肠癌放疗增敏作用的临床观察

目的：观察奥沙利铂（L-OHP）并5-氟脲嘧啶、甲酰四氢叶酸钙（5-Fu／LV）配合放疗治疗晚期复发直肠癌患者的增效作用与毒性反应。方法：23例无法手术的晚期复发直肠癌患者进行盆腔放疗，在放疗的第1、5同前一天开始给予L-OHP30mg／m。静滴0．5h，LV100mg／m^2和5-Fu375mg／m^2静滴4h，连用4d。25例单纯放疗者为对照组。结果：放疗结束时，观察组局部症状缓解率较对照组高，尤其对会阴区下坠疼的改善明显（P〈0．05），且转移症状亦有所缓解。两组有效率分别为78．3％、48％（P〈0．05），完全缓解分别为8．7％、4．0％。主要毒副反应是消化道反应、神经毒性、静脉炎，骨髓抑制。结论：利用低剂量L-OHP并5-Fu／LV的增敏作用配合放疗治疗晚期、复发直肠癌可提高近期疗效，改善症状，尤其对于伴远外转移者，为理想、安全的治疗手段。     

前列腺癌新辅助治疗临床分析（附32例报告）

目的 总结32例前列腺癌患者新辅助治疗（NHT）的作用。方法 32例前列腺癌患者中药物去势17例，手术去势15例，并联合抗雄激素治疗3个月，统计NHT前后前列腺癌体积、肿瘤大小、PSA、FSH、LH和睾酮水平变化。结果 2组NHT后前列腺体积明显变小、肿瘤变小、变软，甚至消失，PSA和睾酮明显下降，药物去势组睾酮水平在耻骨后前列腺癌根治术（RRP）术后2～3个月可恢复正常，而手术去势组RRP术后睾酮呈持续低水平。结论 NHT可明显缩小前列腺体积，降低PSA，有利于手术操作。药物去势对内分泌影响是可逆的，而手术去势内分泌改变不可逆。     

Natural killer cell activity and quality of life were improved by consumption of a mushroom extract, Agaricus blazei Murill Kyowa, in gynecological cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy

A mushroom extract, Agaricus blazei Murill Kyowa (ABMK), has been reported to possess antimutagenic and antitumor effects. Here, we investigate the beneficial effects of ABMK consumption on immunological status and qualities of life in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. One hundred cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancer patients were treated either with carboplatin (300 mg / m(2)) plus VP16 (etoposide, 100 mg / m(2)) or with carboplatin (300 mg / m(2)) plus taxol (175 mg / m(2)) every 3 weeks for at least three cycles with or without oral consumption of ABMK. We observed that natural killer cell activity was significantly higher in ABMK-treated group (ANOVA, n = 39, P < 0.002) as compared with nontreated placebo group (n = 61). However, no significant difference in lymphokine-activated killer and monocyte activities was observed in a manner similar to the count of specific immune cell populations between ABMK-treated and nontreated groups. However, chemotherapy-associated side effects such as appetite, alopecia, emotional stability, and general weakness were all improved by ABMK treatment. Taken together, this suggests that ABMK treatment might be beneficial for gynecological cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.     

The Last 5 Years of Basic Science Investigation in Transplant Immunology

Many new insights have been gained over the past 5 years into the mechanisms that regulate immune reactivity to cell and organ transplants. This new knowledge is being applied to the development of innovative experimental strategies that may soon be evaluated in the clinic.     

加替沙星序贯治疗下呼吸道细菌感染的药物经济学评价

目的对加替沙星序贯治疗下呼吸道细菌感染进行药物经济学评价。方法将69例下呼吸道细菌性感染患者，随机分为A组（34例）、B组（35例），其中A组采用加替沙星注射液400mg静脉滴注，每天1次，连用10天；B组先用加替沙星注射液400mg静脉滴注，每天1次，3—4天后改为口服400mg，每天1次，连用6—7天，然后对两种方案进行成本-效果分析。结果两组在临床疗效、不良反应发生率及细菌清除率方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；但A组的医疗费用却高于B组（P〈0．01）。结论加替沙星序贯疗法与单纯静脉滴注相比更安全，更经济合理。     

介入化疗结合立体适形放射治疗晚期胰腺癌的临床观察

探讨晚期胰腺癌的介入化疗加立体适形放射治疗的临床疗效。先选择性胰腺动脉化疗,药物:CF 300 mg、5-FU 1 000~1 500 mg、DDP 60~80 mg和健择1.2~2.0 g,共4次。介入化疗后或两次介入之间行立体定向放射治疗,放疗采用4~6个适形野,总剂量为35~45 Gy,4~8 Gy/次,每周3次,21例患者CR率42.85%(9/21),PR率42.85%(9/21),SD 4.76%(1/21),PD 9.52%(2/21),总有效率(CR PR)85.70%(18/21)。初步研究结果提示,主观指标评估,2例临床症状完全消失,17例主观症状有所改善。介入化疗结合立体放射治疗晚期胰腺癌不失为临床选用的治疗手段。     

放射治疗71例骨转移癌止痛效果分析

目的观察低于常规剂量的2种分割方式治疗骨转移性疼痛的疗效。方法71例恶性肿瘤晚期骨转移患者,总计93处骨转移灶,根据疼痛程度及行动受限程度,采取2种均低于常规剂量的分割方式进行放射治疗,分别为Dm30Gy/10f/2W,Dm30Gy/6f/2W。观察疼痛缓解情况。结果2种分割方式止痛有效率分别为88%、95%。两组间无显著差异性(P>0.05)。与国内多数文献报告的结果接近。结论低于常规剂量的分割方式对转移性骨痛疗效与常规剂量的分割方式的疗效相当,且简便易行。