日光温室作业对蔬菜种植人员肺小气道功能的影响

目的 探讨日光温室作业对蔬菜种植人员肺小气道功能的影响。方法 选择西北地区某蔬菜种植基地作业者988人,其中以从事大田种植作业的263人作为对照组,日光温室作业的725人作为温室组,按照累积暴露水平分为低、中、高水平暴露组。测定研究对象最大呼气50%流量(MEF₅₀)、最大呼气25%流量(MEF₂₅)和最大呼气中期流量(MMEF)等肺功能指标,测定指标实测值/预计值%<65%判定为异常;3项指标中≥2项异常判定为小气道功能障碍。应用t检验、χ²检验和Logistic回归模型分析日光温室作业对小气道功能的影响。结果 温室组MEF₅₀%、MEF₂₅%和MMEF%测定平均值分别为(71.1±25.8)%、(56.4±28.5)% 和(68.6±26.0)%,均低于对照组(78.0±24.1)%、(69.0±36.4)%、(76.1±25.5)%(P<0.05)。高水平暴露组3项指标异常率分别为45.2%、73.0%和45.7%,均显著高于对照组(31.9%、54.0%、34.6%)(P<0.05),3项指标异常率随累积暴露水平的增高而升高(P_趋势<0.05)。中、高水平暴露组小气道功能障碍检出率分别为46.8%和48.6%,显著高于对照组(35.4%)(P<0.05),小气道功能障碍检出率随累积暴露水平的增高而升高(P_趋势<0.05)。校正其他可能影响因素后与对照组相比,中、高水平暴露组小气道功能障碍OR值分别为1.555和1.651,并随累积暴露水平的增高而升高(P_趋势<0.05)。结论 日光温室可能引起作业者肺小气道功能损伤,小气道功能障碍与日光温室累积暴露水平有关。     

Biodistribution of Insulin Following Massive Insulin Subcutaneous Injection

A man in his 30s injected insulin several times into his abdomen and was found dead several hours later. Micropathological findings showed alveolar injury with hemorrhaging and cerebral parietal lobe nerve cell edema. Biochemical examinations showed that the blood insulin level was high, significantly so at the insulin injection sites. The blood glucose and C-peptide levels were low. The insulin level in the kidneys was low. In forensic medicine, a postmortem diagnosis of insulin subcutaneous injection is often difficult. When insulin injection is suspected, particularly high insulin levels can be expected at the insulin injection site, rather than in the blood.     

血清降钙素原清除率评估重型颅脑损伤肺部感染的价值

目的 对血清降钙素原清除率对于重型颅脑损伤患者肺部感染的治疗效果和预后评估价值进行分析。方法 选择2019年1月—2020年1月我院接诊的重型颅脑损伤患者80例作为本研究观察对象,所选80例重型颅脑损伤患者中包含恶化组患者40例、有效组患者40例,两组重型颅脑损伤患者全部接受血清降钙素原和血清降钙素原清除率检测,分析两组检测结果。结果 接受临床治疗前,两组重型颅脑损伤患者的血清降钙素原水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P> 0.05）,治疗后恶化组重型颅脑损伤患者的血清降钙素原水平显著高于有效组患者,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;治疗后1、3、7 d,恶化组40例重型颅脑损伤患者的血清降钙素原清除率水平显著高于有效组患者,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论 临床中采取动态观察重型颅脑损伤肺部感染患者的血清降钙素原水平和血清降钙素原清除率,能够良好地预测患者肺部感染的临床治疗效果和预后情况,应该给予大力推广与应用。     

间充质干细胞治疗结核分枝杆菌感染的基础研究进展

间充质干细胞(MSCs)是一群具有高度自我更新能力和多向分化潜能的多能干细胞,已有多项研究证明其对结核分枝杆菌感染的治疗潜力。MSCs可通过抗菌肽与关键酶的分泌、细胞表面受体的表达,直接或间接地介导受宿主细胞由免疫抑制状态向激活状态转化,进而作为细胞治疗的一种手段,在足量抗菌药物覆盖的基础上,辅助杀灭以结核分枝杆菌为主的分枝杆菌感染,并抑制过度的炎症反应,减少不必要的组织损伤。本文就间充质干细胞治疗结核分枝杆菌感染的基础及临床前研究进展作一概述。     

Osteoporosis in COPD patients: Risk factors and pulmonary rehabilitation

ObjectivesTo present a review on the pathogenesis, risk factor and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with osteoporosis and provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment.Data sourceA systematic search is carried out using keywords as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, osteoporosis, risk factors, and pulmonary rehabilitation.ResultsPatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have a high prevalence of osteoporosis and a high risk of fracture. The mechanisms of osteoporosis in COPD patients are associated with general risk factors, such as smoking, reduced physical activity, low weight, and disease‐specific risk factors, such as systemic inflammatory, Vitamin D deficiency, use of glucocorticoid, anemia, hypoxemia, and hypercapnia. The treatment of osteoporosis in COPD emphasizes comprehensive intervention, which mainly include basic treatment and anti‐osteoporosis drugs. Noticeably, pulmonary rehabilitation program is an important part of treatment.ConclusionsThis work summarizes the pathogenesis, risk factor, prevention, and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with osteoporosis, and the latest progress of studies on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and osteoporosis is discussed.     

Safe Concurrent Use of Anti-tuberculosis Drugs and Pembrolizumab in a Patient with Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Who Was Infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A 68-year-old Japanese man was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma stage IVB. We introduced a first-line chemotherapy of four cycles of carboplatin and pemetrexed and pembrolizumab, followed by pemetrexed and pembrolizumab maintenance therapy. Approximately four months after anticancer therapy, a small nodule appeared in the right peripheral S3 lesion. After five months, the nodule was confirmed as a Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) nodule. We initiated anti-TB therapy without stopping pembrolizumab, and the right S3 nodule shrank immediately. This report supports the concurrent use of anti-TB treatment with an immune checkpoint inhibitor when the TB infection area is limited.     

小剂量多巴胺对高原老年慢性肺心病患者呼吸肌疲劳治疗作用的研究

目的 :观察多巴胺对高原地区老年肺心病患者呼吸肌功能的影响。方法 :4 8例老年肺心病患者随机分为观察组 (A组 )和对照组 (B组 ) ,每组 2 4例。A组用多巴胺 6 0mg加入 10 %葡萄糖溶液 15 0ml,以 5 μg·kg-1·min-1的速度静滴作为治疗。B组用等量 10 %葡萄糖溶液 ,以同样速度静滴作为对照。用药前、后测定肺功能、呼吸肌功能和心功能。结果 :用药前 ,两组一秒钟用力呼气容积占预计值百分比 (FEV1%预计值 )、动脉血氧分压 (PaO2 )、二氧化碳分压 (PaCO2 )、最大吸气压 (PImax)、最大呼气压 (PEmax)、最大跨膈压 (Pdimax)、呼吸肌力量指数 (RMS)、心脏指数 (CI )和心搏指数 (SI)差异无显著性。用药后 ,A组PI max、PEmax、Pdimax、RMS、CI、SI显著高于用药前 (P均 <0 .0 1) ,B组各项指标无显著性变化。A组用药后PImax、PEmax、Pdimax、RMS与CI呈显著正相关 (r=0 .6 74、0 .5 4 1、0 .6 6 9、0 .6 2 9,P均 <0 .0 1)。结论 :小剂量多巴胺有显著增强呼吸肌功能的作用 ,可作为高原肺心病的辅助治疗。     

基于分形学理论评价低氧性肺血管重塑

目的 应用分析维数方法评价慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者肺血管树空间结构重塑随氧分压的变化规律.方法 分别对106例COPD患者及100例非COPD健康对照者进行CT扫描并进行血气分析.应用后处理软件形成肺血管树,以ImageJ软件计算外周肺血管树分形维数(FD);比较对照组与COPD组FD值;分析COPD患者FD改变与动脉血氧分压的相关性.结果 COPD组外周肺血管树FD显著低于对照组(t=5.21,P＜0.01).COPD患者FD与动脉血氧分压存在显著正相关性(r=0.692,P＜0.01).结论 FD分析能够有效评估COPD患者病程中肺小血管(动脉及静脉)重塑,COPD患者肺血管树FD值与氧分压显著相关,一定程度验证了低氧在肺血管重塑过程中的作用.     

肺癌致上腔静脉综合征病理学基础及CT表现

目的 探讨肺癌致上腔静脉综合征(superior vena cava syndrome,SVCS)病理学改变及相应CT表现类型.方法 回顾性分析川北医学院附属医院和四川大学华西医院2003年2月～2004年3月收治的经病理学确诊为肺癌致上腔静脉综合征51例患者的CT影像学资料.采用Sensation4螺旋CT. Sensation 16螺旋CT分别扫描13例、38例,均行胸部CT平扫及增强扫描,扫描层厚7～10 mm.结果 51例上腔静脉综合征患者中,上腔静脉(superior vena cava,SVC)梗阻性质属肺癌直接蔓延7例,SVC周围淋巴结转移17例,直接蔓延和淋巴结转移二者并存27例.梗阻形态CT表现为环状包埋11例,半环状包埋5例,夹心状包埋5例,推移10例,向左推压15例,完全闭塞5例.SVC梗阻性质不同,梗阻形态CT表现有差异;梗阻形态不同,梗阻程度有差异.结论 肺癌致SVCS的CT表现与SVC梗阻性质、梗阻程度有关.     

Progress in anti-endothelin therapy in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension and heart failure

Endothelin-1 （ ET-1 ） is not only a potent vasoconstrictor , but causes proliferation of many of the vascular cells involved in vascular remodelling .ETA receptors mediate vasoconstriction and cell proliferation , whereas ETB receptors are important for the clearance of ET-1, endothelial cell survival , the release of nitric oxide and prostacyclin , and the inhibition of endothelin-converting enzyme （ ECE ）-1.ET is activated in pulmonary arterial hypertension （ PAH） , heart failure （ HF） and many other cardiovascular diseases .The most efficient way to antagonize the ET-1 system is the use of ET-1 receptor antagonists that can block either ETA-or ETA-and ETB-receptors, or ECE inhibition which blocks the conversion of big ET-1 to ET-1.In this brief review , we will try to summarize the progress of anti-endothelin therapy in the treatment of PAH and HF treatment therapies .