低能量氦—氖激光局部加穴位照射治疗肺结核空洞

目的探讨低能量氦－氖激先局部加穴位照射对肺结核空洞的治疗作用机理。方法９１例初治Ⅲ型肺结核（肺部有空洞）随机分为实验组４６例，对照组４５例，均用６个月短程化疗方案．实验组加氦－氖激光局部、双肺俞穴位照射治疗３个疗程，观察空洞闭合及痰菌阴转情况，以Ｘ２检验分析组间治疗结果的差异．结果实验组治疗２、３个月空洞闭合分别为５８．３％、７０．８％；对照组为３５４％、４７９％，二者均有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５），实验组痰菌阴转、肺部病灶吸收、临床症状改善均高于对照组。结论低能量氦－氖激光局部加双肺俞穴位照射，可加速肺结核空洞的闭合及临床症状的改善     

Interruption of pulmonary arterial flow with inadequate ventilation leads to pulmonary infarction

We examined the effect of interruption of pulmonary arterial flow and inadequate ventilation on the development of pulmonary infarction in rats. Pulmonary arterial flow was blocked by the injection of agar into the inferior vena cava and inadequate ventilation was produced by obstructing the left main bronchus with a polypropylene tip. Histological and angiographic examination of the lung demonstrated that: pulmonary artery embolism alone does not induce pulmonary infarction; obstruction of a bronchus does not induce significant changes, but that pulmonary infarction develops when pulmonary artery embolism and obstruction of a bronchus occur simultaneously. It has been thought that pulmonary infarction is caused by acute obstruction of a pulmonary artery, however, the alveolar walls are supplied with oxygen by both the pulmonary circulation and by ventilation. Interruption of pulmonary arterial flow alone is probably not sufficient to induce pulmonary infarction, which is probably caused by deficiency of oxygen supply to the alveolar walls by a synergy between interruption of pulmonary arterial flow and inadequate ventilation.     

101例尿毒症相关性肺水肿的特殊护理措施

目的 探讨尿毒症相关性肺水肿的特殊护理措施。方法 对尿毒症相关性肺水肿的护理除常规护理措施外，应做到以下几点特殊护理：①密切观察血压、血氧饱和度、近期尿量变化；②有效控制血压；③采取不同的透析方式适时适量透析超滤、加强透析中的护理；④改善全身营养状况，防止肺部感染；⑤牢记护理程序体位-吸氧-血管扩张药-血液透析；⑥严格控制入量。结果 101例病人中抢救成功84例，死亡13例，自动出院3例。结论 采取治疗和特殊护理对抢救尿毒症相关性肺水肿患者有较好效果。     

ALP方案治疗86例耐多药结核病的疗效分析

目的通过对耐多药结核病例化疗疗效的分析,探讨MDR-TB的治疗方法.方法 86例住院的MDR-TB病人中,浸润型肺结核72例,慢性纤维空洞型肺结核14例.痰标本经Bactec-960培养、鉴定均有结核杆菌生长,药敏试验耐异烟肼、利福平(HR)26例,耐异烟肼、利福平、链霉素(HRS)及耐异烟肼、利福平、乙胺丁醇(HER)者38例,耐异烟肼、利福平、链霉素、乙胺丁醇(HRSE)22例.应用丁胺卡那霉素(A)、左旋氧氟沙星(L)及对氨基水杨酸钠(P)为基础化疗方案,加用1～2种未曾应用过的抗痨药物,平均治疗3个月.结果 86例病人痰菌阴转率70.9%,病灶吸收好转率77.9%,空洞治疗有效率58.3%.疗效较好,治疗过程中未出现严重的药物不良反应.结论 ALP组成的化疗方案对细胞内外的结核菌都有杀灭作用,三药联用协同作用好,副作用不多,是治疗MDR-TB的较好的化疗方案.     

Inhibition of Expression of Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1α mRNA by Nitric Oxide in Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension Rats

Hypoxiaisadirectfactorcausinghypoxicpul monaryhypertension (HPH) .hypoxiainduciblefac tor 1α (HIF 1α)isfoundtobethemostcrucialfactorsofarwhichmediatesthecellularresponsetohypoxi a[1] .OurpreviousstudyrevealedthatoverexpressionofHIF 1andendothelin 1(ET 1…     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病前驱性呼吸衰竭患者呼吸驱动的改变

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)和COPD前驱性呼吸衰竭(前驱呼衰)患者中枢呼吸驱动的改变;评价界定COPD前驱性呼吸衰竭的临床意义.方法试验对象为COPD前驱性呼吸衰竭、COPD尚未达前驱性呼吸衰竭的患者和健康对照者各30名.所有受试者均进行如下参数的测定:动脉血气分析;常规肺功能,主要以第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)占预计值的百分比(FEV1%)来评价;中枢呼吸驱动水平,以0.1 s口腔阻断压(P0.1)、校正中枢呼吸驱动(以每分通气量来校正,即P0.1/MV)和吸气阻抗P0.1/VT/Ti)等来评价.结果P0.1和P0.1/MV在COPD前驱呼衰组明显高于正常对照组和未达前驱呼衰组,P0.1/VT/Ti在COPD前驱呼衰组和未达前驱呼衰组明显高于正常对照组(P=0.002);P0.1,P0.1/MV,P0.1/VT/Ti与PaO2,FEV1%呈显著负相关(rs=-0.769,-0.495,-0.543;-0.747,-0.480,-0.526,P均＜0.01);与PaCO2呈显著正相关(rs=0.270,0.312,0.369,P分别为＜0.05,＜0.01,＜0.01).结论COPD前驱呼衰患者呼吸储备能力减低,呼吸效率下降;P0.1,P0.1/MV,P0.1/VT/Ti等参数在推断患者神经-肌力输出水平与呼吸衰竭发生阈值方面具有较大的意义.当COPD进展至前驱呼衰阶段,从血气分析、肺功能检查到呼吸驱动水平都发生了显著的改变,从而提示界定此阶段具有一定的临床意义.     

惠州市结核病控制项目实施效果评价

目的 总结我市结核病控制项目实施效果和经验。方法 根据全市各县(区)上报的结核病报表和有关总结材料进行分析。结果 在项目实施期间发现涂阳病人7522例，治愈了7303例，涂阳病人登记率从1993年的8．2／10万提高到2001年的39．4／10万，初、复治涂阳病人治愈率从1992年的80．0％和81．8％提高到2001年的98．9％和96．2％。结论 我市结核病控制项目实施效果显，项目所取得的成功经验和技术策略对今后结核病控制可持续发展有着重要的指导作用。     

Pericardial effusion following pulmonary resection

Objective Postoperative pericardial effusion commonly occurs after open heart surgery. However, after general thoracotomy such as pulmonary resection, there have been few reports of pericardial effusion. The purpose of this study is to investigate patients with pericardial effusion following pulmonary resection.Methods: Among 2,385 patients with pulmonary resection for lung neoplasm in our institute, eight patients, whose pericardium had never been opened during the operation, developed pericardial effusion. The clinical characteristics of the eight patients were analyzed.Results: Pericardial effusion after pulmonary resection was divided into two subtypes: pericardial effusion in three patients with left thoracotomy occurring within 30 days postoperatively, and pericardial effusion in the remaining five patients with right thoracotomy occurring more than 30 days postoperatively. Pericardiotomy or pericardiocentesis was performed in three symptomatic patients, and the remaining five asymptomatic patients were treated with diuretics. Pericardial effusion disappeared in three of the five patients about 1–3 months after the conservative treatment, while, in the remaining patients, because pericardial effusion had increased gradually, pericardiocentesis was performed.Conclusion: From our experience, the treatment strategy of drainage for early pericardial effusion and diuretics for late pericardial effusion seems to be appropriate. (Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 54:193-198)     

家兔急性周围型肺栓塞影像模型的制备

目的探讨用可吸收性明胶海绵制作家兔急性肺栓塞(PE)影像模型的可行性。方法20只实验组家兔随机分成5组,采用明胶海绵栓子经股静脉插管制成急性PE的动物模型。栓塞后行肺动脉造影检查,栓塞后2h、24h、3d、7d、14d(A、B、C、D、E组)分批处死家兔,解剖肺动脉并观察栓塞区肺组织病理变化。对照组2只注入生理盐水,分别于第7天,14天处死。结果20只实验组家兔1只麻醉意外死亡,19只制备模型后成活,模型制备成功率95%。肺动脉造影显示46支叶及段肺动脉栓塞。肺动脉解剖共发现栓子65个,栓塞动脉50支。A组肺体积肿胀,色深红,镜下观察见肺组织充血。B组、C组、D组、E组中15只家兔肺表面呈苍白色、暗红色、黑色或苍白色区内见黑色坏死区,另外1只仅见肺体积肿大,肺颜色无变化,E组1只第3天左侧发生气胸,肺萎缩;光镜下观察肺组织水肿、淤血、出血、坏死,炎性细胞浸润,肺泡含气减少,肺泡支架结构破坏,E组2例栓塞区见肺组织机化,栓子周围有血小板血栓和/或混合血栓形成。对照组2只家兔肺部仅见少量炎性细胞浸润。结论用明胶海绵作为栓塞物制备家兔急性肺栓塞模型,其方法简便、成功率高,为肺栓塞影像学研究提供了一种较好的实验模型。     

股骨干骨折扩髓腔髓内钉固定对凝血机能和肺换气功能的影响

【目的】探讨股骨干骨折扩髓与不扩髓髓内钉固定对凝血机能和肺换气功能的影响。【方法】 38例股骨干骨折分别采用扩髓 (RFN)和不扩髓 (UFN)髓内钉固定 ,在手术开始前至术后 4 8h内 7个不同时间段监测血小板、纤维蛋白原、凝血酶原时间 (PT)和部分凝血活酶激活时间 (APTT)的变化 ,并动脉血气分析 ,计算肺泡 动脉血氧分压递差 [P(A aDO2 ) ]。【结果】RFN组 ,扩髓后血小板开始减少 ,P(A aDO2 )升高 (P<0 0 5 ) ;髓钉插入后 30min纤维蛋白原减少 ,PT、APTT延长 (P <0 0 5 ) ;UFN组表现出同样的趋势 ;两组中各项指标均在 2 4～ 4 8h内恢复正常 ;动脉血气分析各时间段和组间差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。【结论】扩大髓腔的髓内钉固定 ,和不扩髓相比 ,并不影响肺换气功能 ,对凝血机能的影响是一个自限过程 ,单纯股骨干骨折 ,可耐受扩髓固定手术。