日本血吸虫多价DNA疫苗pBK-Sj26(Sj32)-Sj23免疫效果的观察

为了观察血吸虫病多价DNA疫苗的保护力,将小鼠分成5组空白对照组、空质粒对照组、单价抗原DNA疫苗pBK-CMV-Sj23组、多价抗原DNA疫苗pBK-CMV-Sj26-Sj23和pBK-CMV-Sj32-Sj23组.大量提取各组质粒DNA后,各组于0、3、5周在BALB/c小鼠股四头肌注射相应质粒DNA,9周用血吸虫尾蚴攻击感染,15周剖杀小鼠计算减虫率及减卵率.结果显示与对照组比较,实验组小鼠减虫率及减卵率有极显著性差异(P<0.01);与单价pBK-CMV-Sj23组比较,多价DNA疫苗组的减虫率及减卵率有显著性差异.提示血吸虫多价DNA疫苗诱导小鼠对血吸虫的保护力优于单价DNA疫苗.     

围术期肺保护策略的研究进展

术后肺部并发症(PPCs)是影响患者围术期预后的主要原因,需要麻醉科医师重点关注并有效防治。越来越多的证据表明,围术期实行肺保护策略可减少PPCs。近5年来,围术期肺保护策略研究已成为围术期医学关注的重点问题之一,围术期肺保护是加速康复外科的重要组成部分,其策略包括术前风险预测、术中肺保护性通气、术后镇痛及物理治疗等。本综述结合围术期肺保护策略最新进展进行阐述,以提高麻醉科医师对PPCs潜在风险的认识,为制定围术期个体化肺保护方案提供策略。未来还应进一步研究以阐明围术期肺保护策略对患者预后结局的影响。     

Personal protective equipment related skin reactions in healthcare professionals during COVID‐19

Since the outbreak of COVID‐19 pandemic, clinicians have had to use personal protective equipment (PPE) for prolonged periods. This has been associated with detrimental effects, especially in relation to the skin health. The present study describes a comprehensive survey of healthcare workers (HCWs) to describe their experiences using PPE in managing COVID‐19 patients, with a particular focus on adverse skin reactions. A 24‐hour prevalence study and multi‐centre prospective survey were designed to capture the impact of PPE on skin health of hospital staff. Questionnaires incorporated demographics of participants, PPE type, usage time, and removal frequency. Participants reported the nature and location of any corresponding adverse skin reactions. The prevalence study included all staff in intensive care from a single centre, while the prospective study used a convenience sample of staff from three acute care providers in the United Kingdom. A total of 108 staff were recruited into the prevalence study, while 307 HCWs from a variety of professional backgrounds and demographics participated in the prospective study. Various skin adverse reactions were reported for the prevalence study, with the bridge of the nose (69%) and ears (30%) being the most affected. Of the six adverse skin reactions recorded for the prospective study, the most common were redness blanching (33%), itchiness (22%), and pressure damage (12%). These occurred predominantly at the bridge of the nose and the ears. There were significant associations (P < .05) between the adverse skin reactions with both the average daily time of PPE usage and the frequency of PPE relief. The comprehensive study revealed that the use of PPE leads to an array of skin reactions at various facial locations of HCWs. Improvements in guidelines are required for PPE usage to protect skin health. In addition, modifications to PPE designs are required to accommodate a range of face shapes and appropriate materials to improve device safety.     

Modified full-face snorkeling mask for thoracic surgery and otolaryngology surgical use: comfort and usability assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background:A worldwide personal protection equipment (PPE) shortage has emerged during COVID-19 pandemic, contributing to the high incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among health care providers. To address this lack of PEE, new solutions have been researched. Among those, full-face snorkeling masks demonstrated to be an interesting option. Among surgical specialties otolaryngologists and thoracic surgeons are at high risk of infection, due to the close contact with airway secretions.Objectives:We tested the comfort and usability of a modified full-face snorkeling mask (Ocean Reef Mask Aria QR+) as a protective device for otolaryngologic and thoracic surgeries.Methods:The mask was customized with a 3D-printed adaptor supporting many industrial filter types, including FFP3 and heat and moisture exchangers (HME). We evaluated surgical performances of the mask, both subjectively, with a questionnaire filled in by the surgeons, as well as objectively, monitoring transcutaneous PCO₂ and PO₂ values of surgeons during surgical procedures.Results:The modified full-face snorkeling mask was tested during 9 otolaryngologic and 15 thoracic surgery procedures. The device demonstrated very good overall vision quality with some limitations regarding lateral vision and almost no difficulties in usability. Water condensation into the mask was absent in almost every case. Both PO₂ and PCO₂ parameters remained within normal ranges during every procedure.Discussion:The modified full-face snorkeling mask can be an innovative PPE. In the current COVID-19 pandemic scenario, the worldwide shortage of protective masks and goggles may exploit this ready-to-use and low-cost solution, especially for high-risk surgical procedures.     

Bivalent non-typhoidal Salmonella outer membrane vesicles immunized mice sera confer passive protection against gastroenteritis in a suckling mice model

Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) serovars, especially Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) and Salmonella Enteritidis (SE), cause gastroenteritis worldwide. Due to the emergence of multi-drug resistance in iNTS, a broad-spectrum vaccine is urgently needed for the prevention of iNTS infection. Currently, there is no effective licensed vaccine against iNTS available in the market. We have formulated an outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) based bivalent immunogen as a vaccine candidate to generate broad-spectrum protective immunity against both recently circulating prevalent ST and SE. We have isolated OMVs from ST and SE and formulated the immunogen by mixing both OMVs (1:1 ratio). Three doses of bivalent immunogen significantly induced humoral immune responses against lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and outer membrane proteins (OMPs) as well as a cell-mediated immune response in adult mice. We also observed that proteins of OMVs act as an adjuvant for generation of high levels of anti-LPS antibodies through T cell activation. We then characterized the one-day old suckling mice model for both ST and SE mediated gastroenteritis and used the model for a passive protection study. In the passive protection study, we found the passive transfer of bivalent OMVs immunized sera significantly reduced ST and SE mediated colonization and gastroenteritis symptoms in the colon of suckling mice compared to non-immunized sera recipients. The overall study demonstrated that OMVs based bivalent vaccine could generate broad-spectrum immunity against prevalent iNTS mediated gastroenteritis. This study also established the suckling mice model as a suitable animal model for vaccine study against iNTS mediated gastroenteritis.     

Vaccination with chimeric protein induces protection in murine model against ascariasis

An estimated 400 million people are infected by parasites of the genus Ascaris and the existing control measures are inefficient. Vaccine development using B cell antigens is a promising strategy for increased protection against this parasite. The present study aimed at developing a chimeric protein capable of conferring protection against infection by Ascaris sp. For this purpose, we performed B-cell epitope predictions on previously described vaccine candidate proteins from Ascaris suum and the corresponding peptides were used to construct a chimeric protein. Female BALB / c mice were immunized subcutaneously in three doses at 10 day intervals with a vaccine formulation comprised of the chimeric protein together with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA). Control groups included protein alone, MPLA, or PBS. After challenge infection, animals vaccinated with chimeric protein plus MPLA showed a reduction of 73.54% of larval load in the lung compared to control group animals. Animals immunized with chimeric protein plus MPLA also display higher IgG response and a reduction in lung inflammation. Our study highlights how chimeric proteins containing more than one B cell epitope can enhance immune protection against helminthic infection and offer new approaches to the development of Ascaris vaccines.     

日本血吸虫单克隆抗独特型抗体NP30诱导保护性免疫

作者应用正交设计观察了单克隆抗独特型抗体NP30主动免疫诱导的保护性免疫力。对照组接种SP2/0 腹水。实验结果表明,根据不同的免疫方案,NP30主动免疫可产生22.36％～50.46％的减虫率,并确定了最优化免疫方案。本文提示NP30主动免疫对尾蚴攻击可产生一定的保护力,具有血吸虫疫苗候选分子的潜能。     

丙肝宁对动物实验性肝损伤的保护作用

目的 研究中药复方丙肝宁的保肝作用。方法 采用Ｄ－Ｇａｌ造成大鼠的急性肝损伤模型和ＣＣＩ４所致慢性肝损伤模型。结果 丙肝宁２个剂量组对Ｄ－Ｇａｌ造成大鼠的急性肝损僵模型和ＣＣＩ４所致慢性肝损伤模型的血清酶活性均具有明显的抑制作用（Ｐ〈０．０５,Ｐ〈０．０１）,病理检查结果表明,丙肝宁２个剂量组对Ｄ－Ｇａｌ造成大鼠的急性肝损伤模型和ＣＣＩ４所致慢笥肝损伤模型的肝脏病理形态的改变具有明显的改善作用。结     

The acceptance of SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen self-testing: A cross-sectional study in China

Compared with the nucleic acid amplification test (NATT), the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) rapid antigen self-testing (RAST) has advantages in speed and convenience. However, little is known about people's acceptance and influencing factors for SARS-CoV-2 RAST. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 21 to 30, 2022 in China. The χ² test and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify the influencing factors. The structural equation model was used to test the extended protective motivation theory (PMT) model hypotheses. Among the total of 5107 participants, 62.5% were willing to accept the SARS-CoV-2 RAST. There were significant differences in acceptance among different residences (p < 0.001), educational level (p < 0.001), occupation (p < 0.001), monthly income (p < 0.001), travel frequency (p < 0.05), and feelings about NATT (p < 0.001). Response efficacy (β = 0.05; p = 0.025) and self-efficacy (β = 0.84; p < 0.001) had a positive effect, while response cost showed a negative effect (β = −0.07; p < 0.001). The public's major concerns about SARS-CoV-2 RAST are its reliability, testing method, price, and authority. Overall, a moderate intention to use SARS-CoV-2 RAST was found among the Chinese population. The extended PMT can be used for the prediction of intention to accept the RAST. We need to take measures to increase people's acceptance of SARS-CoV-2 RAST.     

国内外3种乙脑疫苗在小鼠体内的保护力试验比较

比较乙型脑炎（ＪＥ）ＳＡ１４１４２减毒活疫苗、地鼠肾细胞灭活疫苗（ＨＫＶ）和鼠脑纯化疫苗（ＭＢＶ）在小鼠体内的免疫保护效果。采用免疫后以Ｐ３株和中山株（Ｎａｋ）腹腔或脑内攻击的方法。结果表明乙脑ＳＡ１４１４２减毒活疫苗免疫１次对２株乙脑病毒的腹腔攻击均有１００％保护,对脑内攻击亦有较好的保护（４０％～８０％）,而２种灭活疫苗仅对腹腔有一定的保护（４０％～８０％）,对脑内几乎无保护。３种疫苗均可诱生中和抗体（ＮＡ）,活疫苗与ＭＢＶ的抗体水平无明显差异,但保护力活疫苗明显高于ＭＢＶ。ＭＢＶ虽较ＨＫＶ诱生的中和抗体高,但保护力却不比ＨＫＶ高。因此结果表明中和抗体与保护力并无绝对的相关关系,活疫苗具有诱生体液和细胞免疫的全面免疫,而死疫苗则无有