大鼠肛门直肠畸形的胚胎发育研究

目的：观察大鼠正常的和畸形的肛门直肠发育过程，探讨肛门直肠畸形的胚胎发生机制。方法：用乙烯硫脲（ethylenethiourea,ETU）致畸21只孕鼠共生产泄殖腔畸形和无肛畸形胎鼠（204只）。胎龄12．5－20d的正常（n=223)及泄殖腔发育畸形的胎鼠正中矢状连续切片HE染色。连续动态对比观察泄殖腔及肛门直肠的发育过程。结果：泄殖腔发育过程中，胎龄15d前的正常鼠胚，尿直肠隔将泄殖分为腹侧的尿生殖窦和背侧的直肠两部分，二者共同相通于泄殖腔管，尿直肠隔下降与泄殖腔膜的距离逐渐减小，直至胚胎15d时与泄殖腔膜融合，直肠与膀胱分离。16d时肛膜破裂，直肠与尾沟相通。ETU致畸的胎鼠泄殖腔发育中有以下下特点；（1）尿直肠隔始终未与泄殖腔膜融合；（2）泄殖腔构型异常；（3）泄殖腔膜过短；（4）没有尾沟形成。ETU致畸胎鼠中所有的无肛畸形均为泄殖腔畸形和直肠尿道瘘。结论：鼠胚胎15d时尿直肠隔与泄殖腔膜融合。胚胎16d肛膜完全破裂，直肠与外界相通。泄殖腔构型的变化以及尿直肠隔下降并与泄殖腔隔合使直肠与膀胱分离。尿直肠隔与泄殖腔膜融合是直肠和膀胱分离的决定因素。肛门直肠畸形发生与泄殖腔构型异常以及尿直肠隔未与泄殖腔膜融合等因素有关。尿直肠隔未与泄殖腔融合是ETU诱导的大鼠肛门直肠畸形发生的直接原因。     

PGP 9.5在SD大鼠肠神经节细胞成熟度评价中的作用

目的 研究肠神经节细胞成熟度评价的方法和特异性抗体的作用，探讨PGP9．5对研究先天性肠神经系统发育异常疾病的意义。方法 40只不同年龄的SD大鼠：胎龄15d(E15)，20d(E20)，生后9d(P9)，成年的SD大鼠各10只。取标本，甲醛固定石蜡包埋切片，常规处理后用HE染色和PGP9．5、CathePsin D、NSE的免疫组化染色，通过观察免疫染色阳性定位和定性情况和测量节细胞的平均最大直径，分析肠神经节细胞的发育和成熟状况。结果 PGP9．5染色阳性率达100％；NSE在E15中全部阴性，在E20和P9中皆呈弱阳性反应；而CathpinD 只在大脑中反应阳性。肠神经节细胞尺寸测量结果E20，P9和成年各年龄组间差异有显著性意义(P＜0．01)；PGP9．5所显示的节细胞形成良好的成熟与幼稚的染色形态——成熟的节细胞脑浆颗粒清晰、细胞核淡染、核仁明显，末成熟的节细胞则胞浆胞核浓染、结构不清、无明显的核仁。结论 PGP9．5在肠神经节细胞中的成熟与幼稚的不同染色形态可特征性地评价肠神经节细胞的成熟度。实验提示，PGP9．5的免疫组化技术评价肠神经节细胞成熟度是一种可靠而简便的方法，在各种人类肠神经系统发育异常性疾病的形态学研究和临床诊治中有重要的实践意义。     

腹腔镜与腹腔镜辅助乙状结肠代阴道术治疗MRKH综合征

目的 :总结使用全腹腔镜和腹腔镜辅助下乙状结肠阴道成形术各成功治疗1例Mayer Rokitansky Kuster Hauser综合征 (MRKH综合征 )的经验。方法 :全腹腔镜下使用腔镜闭合切割器切断乙状结肠的近端和远端。自肛门插入腔内圆型吻合器 ,将降结肠与直肠吻合。经会阴于尿道膀胱与直肠之间造穴。将带血管蒂的乙状结肠牵入穴道 ,完成阴道成形。腹腔镜辅助下阴道成形中 ,腔镜闭合切割器切断乙状结肠的远端后 ,于左下腹壁做一辅助切口 ,将近端乙状结肠经此切口拉出至腹腔外。切断乙状结肠近端 ,将乙状结肠的远端开口缝合 2层 ,使之成盲端。近侧端开口置入吻合器之钉钻 ,再行荷包缝合送回腹腔 ,用吻合器行肠吻合。其余步骤同全腹腔镜手术步骤。术后根据临床检查或磁共振成像测量新成形阴道的长度和宽度。结果 :全腹腔镜手术新成形的阴道长 18cm ,宽 4cm。腹腔镜辅助手术新形成的阴道长 19cm ,宽 4cm。两例新形成的阴道黏膜湿润 ,呈粉红色。无术中和术后并发症的发生。结论 :经腹腔镜乙状结肠移植段的长度完全能达到开腹手术的要求。与开放手术比较 ,全腹腔镜乙状结肠代阴道手术在腹壁上不留手术瘢痕 ,美容效果理想。而腹腔镜辅助下阴道成形 ,虽腹壁留有小手术疤痕 ,但操作简便 ,手术时间短 ,手术费用低     

生化过程工程与中药现代化

在生化工程20余年的研究工作基础上。结合中药现代化开展了一些技术、材料与设备的研究开发工作。研究植物细胞、组织、器官大规模培养增殖技术，应用于细胞代谢产物、生物转化和人工育种及发根，实现了工厂化生产，并成功研制多种类型的生物反应器；在原有化学工程提取分离技术的基础上，发展了反应分离耦合、微波辅助提取等新技术，实现了高效浸出，并且节能、节水；此外，又发展了包括反胶团萃取、一步三相萃取青霉素、泡沫分级分离、膜分离、高速逆流色谱分离纯化等新技术。高速逆流色谱技术是一种没有固相载体的液一液多级逆流萃取技术，避免了不可逆吸附，已成功用于多种天然产物的分析和分离，作为研究中药指纹图谱的新方法具有很好的精密度和重现性。高效液相色谱、气相色谱、毛细管电泳、质谱等技术在指纹图谱研究中发挥了重要作用。与此同时，还研制了多种分离介质，并在药物的修饰与包埋方面做了大量工作。另外，在海洋药物研究领域，创造了连续培养连续采收的新流程、新技术．进行了转基因藻的培养。用于生产基因工程产品。     

Perianal infections: Reader agreement and diagnostic performance of fat‐suppressed contrast‐enhanced MRI

We aimed to determine the diagnostic performance of the contrast‐enhanced fat‐suppression technique in the detectability of perianal infections and to compare this technique with different MR sequences used for this purpose. Thirty consecutive patients with clinically suspected anorectal infections were examined with fast spin‐echo (FSE) T2‐weighted, short‐inversion‐time inversion recovery (STIR), and fat‐suppressed and non‐fat‐suppressed T1‐weighted spoiled gradient‐echo (SGE) (in‐phase) dynamic contrast‐enhanced sequences. The results of MRI were correlated with the findings of surgery, which was considered as the standard of reference. Receiver‐operating‐characteristic curves were reconstructed to describe and compare the diagnostic value of each MR technique. The values of kappa were used as a measure of observer reliability. Diagnostic performances of STIR, FSE T2‐weighted and fat‐suppressed and non‐fat‐suppressed, contrast‐enhanced SGE T1‐weighted techniques showed statistically insignificant differences in detection of perianal infections. There was almost perfect interobserver agreement regarding the presence of lesions on each MR technique. Fat‐suppressed, contrast‐enhanced SGE T1‐weighted MRI showed adequate diagnostic performance in the detection of perianal infections. However, its significance is not different from the other MR sequences used for the present study.     

错畸形牙弓形态的模拟及比较

目的 :比较不同类型错牙合畸形的牙弓形态。方法 :采用三维测量仪精密测量正常牙合及 4组不同类型错牙合(ClassⅠ双颌前突、ClassⅡ1、ClassⅡ2 、ClassⅢ )的原始模型 ,圆锥曲线模拟其牙弓形态。结果 :不同类型错牙合牙弓形态的差异有显著性 ,甚至某些分组的上下颌之间牙弓形态的差异也有显著性。结论 :临床上弯制弓丝时采用单一的标准牙弓形态是不完全科学的 ,应考虑错牙合的不同类型及其矫治前不同的牙弓形态以防止畸形复发。     

Accessory scrotum with imperforate anus

Accessory scrotum is the rarest anomaly of the scrotum; less than two dozen cases have been reported. A case of accessory scrotum with imperforate anus is reported.     

Left Ventricular Anomalous Muscle Band and Electrocardiographic Repolarization Changes

A child with considerable electrocardiographic (ECG) repolarization abnormalities is reported in whom, after clinical and hemodynamic evaluation, only a large muscular false tendon within the left ventricular cavity was found. The genesis of the ECG changes in such cases is discussed, and the differential diagnosis from apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is analyzed.     

A Family Study of Autism: Cognitive Patterns and Levels in Parents and Siblings

First-degree relatives of 99 autism probands and of 36 Down's syndrome controls were assessed with standardised tests of intellectual functioning, reading, and spelling. Higher mean verbal IQ scores, and discrepancies in favour of verbal scores, were characteristic of autism relatives. No consistent differences were found on performance scales, reading, and spelling tests. Among autism relatives, siblings affected with the broad phenotype of autism had significantly lower IQ scores and poorer reading and spelling performances than unaffected siblings. However, the small size of the cognitive difference and the lack of a distinctive cognitive profile indicates that standardised cognitive measures used in this study are unlikely to improve the operationalised definition of the broad phenotype of autism. The slightly superior verbal performance of relatives in the autism group might represent some form of heterozygote advantage.     

桔梗扦插繁殖试验

对桔梗进行扦插繁殖试验，结果看出：用茎基部作插条的成活率最高（５２．２３％），茎梢部作插条成活率很低（１．１１％）；用激素处理可大大提高插条的成活率，其中ＮＡＡ（萘乙酸）１００ｐｐｍ处理３ｈ最显著，比对照组提高２３．３３％；扦插基质湿度过大，会引起插条腐烂。