Current thinking in management of the neck (including contralateral neck) in ipsilateral recurrent or second primary oral squamous cell carcinoma

Metastasis to the neck in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has a huge impact on long-term survival and prognosis, and its incidence varies. Due consideration therefore should be given to management of the neck in each individual case. The pathways in patients with primary oral SCC are well-established, but there is a paucity of published papers on management of the neck in those with ipsilateral recurrent or second primary oral SCC whose necks have previously been operated on with or without radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, or treated with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy alone. These patients may be under treated because of failure to stage the most likely drainage site, and are likely to have a worse outcome if there is macroscopic recurrence in the neck after independent treatment of the recurrent or second primary tumour. Based on the current review, we think there is a need for a multicentre, collaborative, retrospective review of the outcomes of patients with ipsilateral second primaries or recurrent oral SCC in the previously treated neck. Our recommendations include consideration of positron emission tomography-computed tomography in all patients with recurrent or second primary oral SCC (if “hot” – neck dissection, if “cold” - sentinel node biopsy); consideration of sentinel node biopsy in all patients with recurrent or second primary oral SCC who have previously had treatment to the neck; and finally, consideration of definitive management of the sentinel biopsy zone or region if the node is invaded.     

Traumatic dental injuries and associated factors among Brazilian preschool children

Abstract –  The main objective of this study was to assess the epidemiology of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) to the primary teeth of preschool children and second, to investigate whether TDI were related to anterior open bite and, third, whether TDI are related to socio-economic circumstances in an urban Brazilian population. A clinical examination was performed during the National Day of Children's Vaccination. TDI were classified according to the modified classification proposed by Ellis. In addition to those criteria the presence of tooth discoloration was recorded. An interview was carried out with mothers or guardians. The data collected included mother's level of education and living conditions. The prevalence of TDI was 9.4%. The maxillary central incisors were the most affected teeth. Most children with a TDI experienced traumatic injuries to one tooth (6.3%), while 2.8% had two and 0.4% had three traumatized teeth. The most common crown fracture was in enamel only (68.8%), followed by crown fracture of enamel and dentin (13.8%). Missing teeth following trauma occurred in 10.9% of those with TDI. The prevalence of tooth discoloration was 5.1%. Children with anterior open bite had twice the level the level of TDI compared to those with normal occlusions ( P  = 0.001). Socio-economic factors were not statistically significantly associated with the occurrence of TDI. The prevalence of dental injuries in Brazilian preschool children was low. Children with anterior open bite experienced more dental injuries. Neither of the indicators of socio-economic status was related to the prevalence of TDI.     

Influence of hydration and mechanical characterization of carious primary dentine using an ultra-micro indentation system (UMIS)

The conditions under which mechanical properties of dentine are tested influence the values recorded. The aims of this study were to examine the effect of hydration on the mechanical properties of primary carious dentine and to provide information on changes in hardness and modulus of elasticity change caused by the demineralizing caries process in dentine. Three primary molar teeth with untreated carious dentine were prepared for nano-indentation tests under both wet and dry conditions. Further tests were conducted on eight primary molars with untreated carious dentine under hydrated conditions. The mechanical properties of dehydrated carious dentine increased approximately 10-fold for hardness and 100-fold for the modulus of elasticity compared with hydrated dentine. The hardness and elastic modulus of the carious primary dentine deteriorated progressively toward the lesion cavity floor, ranging from 0.001 to 0.52 GPa and from 0.015 to 14.55 GPa, respectively, and could be fitted to a simple linear relationship when plotted in logarithmic scale vs. distance. The total depth of dentine affected was around 1100 microm parallel to the tubule direction. This depth was significantly greater than observed subjectively, implying that the demineralization process is more advanced than might be suspected on simple clinical examination.     

种植体设计对即刻种植与即刻负荷成功的影响

即刻种植和即刻负荷成功的关键是种植体的初期稳定性,除了宿主因素和医源因素外,影响初期稳定性的关键是种植体的设计。本文就目前种植体的尺寸、外形、表面处理对种植体即刻种植和即刻负荷成功影响的研究进展作一综述。     

Effects of pre-emptive analgesia on efficacy of buccal infiltration during pulpotomy of mandibular primary molars: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial

Objective: To assess the effect of preoperative administration of ibuprofen and acetaminophen on the efficacy of buccal infiltration for pulp therapy in mandibular primary molars.

Materials and methods: A randomized controlled trial with an ID no. NCT03423329 in Clinical-Trials.gov was conducted in the outpatient clinic of Paediatric Dentistry Department at Ain Shams University. The study was designed with two test arms where either ibuprofen or acetaminophen was administered to children whereas in the control arm a multivitamin placebo was used. Children's self-reported pain responses were recorded using Wong–Baker FACES pain scale. For statistical analysis, Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare between the three groups whereas Friedman’s test was used to study changes within each group.

Results: In a sample of 60 children, a significant decrease in the mean pain rating scores was detected in all groups where success rates ranged from 40% with ibuprofen to 55% and 65% with acetaminophen and placebo, respectively. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the three groups regarding severity of pain during access cavity preparation.

Conclusions: Both analgesics have no clinical advantage over the placebo in increasing the efficacy of buccal infiltration during pulp therapy in mandibular primary molars.     

原发性醛固酮增多症患者钙磷代谢情况及其与成纤维生长因子23相关性分析

目的比较原发性醛固酮增多症(PA)和原发性高血压(EH)患者钙磷代谢和成纤维生长因子23(FGF23)水平的差异,探讨二者的相关性。方法选择因高血压查因住院确诊的资料完整的病例,按性别、年龄、高血压水平及其病程等匹配原则纳入123例PA患者和123例EH患者,比较两组患者的钙磷代谢指标的差异并分析其与FGF23的关系。结果 (1)PA组的FGF23、PTH水平高于EH组,分别是271.31 pg/m L(173.91,504.34)vs 160.41 pg/m L(118.08,235.60)和74.5 pg/m L(46.5,91.0)vs.43.60 pg/m L(33.75,60.25),其差异具有统计学意义(P0.001),但血钙、血磷水平低于EH组(2.18±0.17 mmol/L vs.2.33±0.17 mmol/L和1.013±0.204 mmol/L vs.1.127±0.190 mmol/L,P0.001)。(2)PA组中FGF23与与血磷水平呈负相关(r=-0.502,P=0.001),与PTH水平呈正相关(r=0.349,P=0.030)。(3)PA组中随着醛固酮水平的递增,FGF23呈上升趋势(P0.05)。结论 PA患者FGF23水平显著上升,FGF23水平与血磷和PTH水平相关,且FGF23与高醛固酮水平相关。     

吸引和稳定农村基层卫生人员的影响因素及其干预策略研究进展*

目的总结国内外有关农村基层卫生人员吸引和稳定的影响因素及其主要干预策略的研究进展,为改善我国农村基层卫生人员的招募和留用提供参考。方法对国内外基层卫生人力资源现状、离职意愿和工作意愿、工作选择的影响因素、主要干预策略和效果以及离散选择实验方法的应用等进行文献复习和研究。结果农村基层卫生人员尤其是骨干人员招募难、留用难,且存在较高的离职意愿,个人、工作和生活等相关因素是选择或留在农村基层的主要考虑因素。国内外采取了多种有效的干预措施,但缺乏对干预效果的评价。结论农村基层卫生人员招募难、留用难限制了我国农村基层卫生人力资源整体素质的提升,必须采取具有成本效果的干预策略加以改善。