延续性健康教育提高康复期乳腺癌患者的自我效能感

目的探讨实施延续性健康教育提高康复期乳腺癌患者自我效能感的效果。方法 2012年1-12月,采用便利抽样法选取在南通大学附属肿瘤医院行择期手术的术后康复期乳腺癌患者120例,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,对照组采取常规随访,观察组采取延续性健康教育形式的随访管理,比较两组患者健康教育前后的自我效能感。结果健康教育后,观察组患者自我效能评分优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论延续性健康教育可增强康复期乳腺癌患者的自我效能感,是提高患者自我管理能力、建立健康行为方式的有效方法。     

锁骨钩钢板置入内固定后特有并发症的预防与对策

背景：近几年锁骨钩钢板在国内外逐步被推广应用于锁骨远端骨折和肩锁关节脱位,被认为是一种比较理想的治疗方法.随着使用率的增加,一些内固定并发症,如内固定后肩痛、肩峰撞击、肩峰溶解、脱钩、应力性骨折等逐渐显现出来.目的：分析锁骨钩钢板置入内固定修复锁骨远端骨折和肩锁关节脱位后产生并发症的原因,并总结其防治对策.方法：2006年3月至2014年5月贵阳市第四人民医院共收治锁骨钩钢板置入内固定修复锁骨远端骨折及肩锁关节脱位患者112例,其中锁骨远端骨折48例,肩锁关节脱位64例.锁骨远端骨折按Neer分型法,Ⅰ型16例,Ⅱ型32例;肩锁关节脱位64例均为Tossy Ⅲ型.其中肩关节上部悬吊复合体双重损伤4例.对患者的临床修复效果及内固定后并发症进行回顾性分析.结果与结论：103例获得随访并进入结果分析,其余病例因患者原因短期内失访,不予纳入结果分析.99例患者显示骨折端愈合及肩锁关节对位良好,并发症发生率为30.1％.采用Karlsson疗效评价标准,优79例,良16例,优良率为92.2％.提示锁骨钩钢板置入内固定修复锁骨远端骨折和肩锁关节脱位,根据个体化特点治疗,注意预防和处理其并发症,是可以得到理想疗效的.     

数字化技术辅助下内固定三维重建：个性化方案修复髋臼骨折

背景：髋臼骨折属于关节内骨折,髋臼具有位置较深、外形不规则及毗邻重要血管神经等解剖学特点.髋臼骨折的治疗目的就是要精确恢复髋臼关节面的解剖对位,最大程度的保存髋关节功能.数字化技术对髋臼骨折的内固定治疗具有指导意义.目的：探讨数字化技术辅助下内固定修复髋臼骨折的临床效果.方法：2009年3月至201 1年9月在解放军广州军区广州总医院创伤骨科收治50例髋臼骨折患者,随机分为2组.试验组25例应用数字化技术进行术前计划,并根据术前计划进行切开复位内固定;对照组25例未采用数字化技术进行切开复位内固定.比较两组患者在术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间及内固定后髋关节功能评分方面的差异.结果与结论：试验组23例患者获得随访,随访时间13-24个月;对照组22例患者获得随访,随访时间12-26个月.试验组患者手术持续时间、术中出血量均显著小于对照组,差异均有显著性意义（P＜0.05）.内固定后试验组患者住院时间及骨折愈合时间均显著小于对照组,差异有显著性意义（P＜0.05）.内固定后试验组患者髋关节功能评分优良率显著高于对照组,差异有显著性意义（P＜0.05）.提示术前利用数字化技术进行髋臼骨折模型三维重建,模拟骨折复位,制定个体化方案,依据个体化方案进行切开复位内固定,内固定效果令人满意.     

综合医院中医科门诊5013例患者消化系统症状特点及与心理因素的相关性调查

目的了解中医科门诊患者中具有消化系统症状的人数比率、各症状分布规律及其与心理因素的相关性。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、症状量表和诊断量表对5 013例首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院中医科门诊就诊患者进行问卷调查,资料采用独立样本t检验进行比较。结果中医科门诊就诊患者消化系统症状的发生率较高,为43.8%;具有消化系统症状的患者中,症状自评量表(SCL-90)总分高于160分者有210人,筛选阳性占调查人群的9.57%;具有消化系统症状的患者的各项因子分的均分均大于无消化系统患者,且差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论综合医院中医科门诊就诊患者中具有消化系统症状的患者占有较大比率;消化系统症状的出现与心理因素有较大的相关性,因此中医科门诊在治疗消化系统症状的同时还应考虑到对于情绪的疏导及情感疾病的治疗。     

肿瘤疾病中信息管理的应用与发展概况

对目前国内信息管理工具在肿瘤疾病领域的应用与发展进行简要综述,总结此领域中信息管理软件应用的优势和不足,发现信息管理的应用为肿瘤疾病的管理带来极大的方便,在肿瘤的注册登记、随访、防治、数据管理和专项数据库建设方面尤为突出,但仍缺少功能全面的一体化的管理软件。随着肿瘤诊疗水平的不断进步和中医综合治疗在肿瘤治疗中地位的提升,急需探索开发能够体现中医综合治疗特色和满足肿瘤临床、科研和管理工作的需求的肿瘤信息管理应用软件。     

护理人文关怀在急诊患者中的应用研究

目的:探讨人文关怀在急诊护理过程中的应用效果.方法:选定100名我科接诊的急诊患者作为研究对象,随机分为两组,每组各50例.A组在护理过程中实施人文关怀,B组在护理过程中不施加人文关怀.以患方满意度作为观察指标,对两组进行比较.结果:A组患方满意度是98%,B组患方满意度是84%.两组比较有显著性差异(X2=4.3956.P=0.0360).结论:在急诊护理过程中,护士应尽可能为患者提供人文关怀,并贯穿于整个护理服务的全过程,使急诊病人及家属满意度与急诊护理质量不断提高,并减少护患纠纷,以利于患者掌握健康知识并早日康复.     

Enhancing patient autonomy with risk assessment and invasive diagnosis: an ethical solution to a clinical challenge

The purpose of this study was to describe a clinically based, ethically justified informed consent process for risk assessment and invasive genetic diagnosis that enhances patient autonomy. Appealing to the ethical principle of respect for the autonomy of pregnant women, we show that patients can exercise their autonomy meaningfully in the informed consent process in response to the offer of risk assessment (RA) and invasive diagnosis (ID) and in response to the results of risk assessment. All pregnant patients in the first trimester should be offered both RA and ID. Women will sort themselves, in response, into 4 groups; those who refuse both RA and ID, those who are uncertain about RA, those who accept RA, and those who accept ID. Women who proceed to RA will sort themselves, in response to its results, into 3 groups: women for whom the risk of aneuploidy is acceptable or unacceptable and women who are not certain whether such risk is acceptable. For this last group only, the informed consent process should present information about current controversies of first-trimester and second-trimester further testing to better assess risk. Clinical strategies are identified for the implementation of the varied responses of pregnant women to the offer of RA and ID. Autonomy-enhancing strategies for the evaluation of pregnancy provide the basis for solving the ethical challenge that is presented by the wide variety of evaluation techniques.     

The Psychosocial Impact of COVID-19 on Older Adults with Cancer: A Rapid Review

Background: Older adults with cancer are amongst the most vulnerable population to be negatively impacted by COVID-19 due to their likelihood of comorbidities and compromised immune status. Considering the longevity of the pandemic, understanding the subjective perceptions and psychosocial concerns of this population may help ameliorate the psychological aftermath. In this review, we systematically analyze the literature surrounding the psychosocial impact and coping strategies among older adults with cancer within the context of COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a rapid review of literature following PRISMA guidelines between January 2020 to August 2021 using (1) MEDLINE, (2) Embase, (3) CINAHL, and (4) PsychINFO and keyword searches for “cancer” and “COVID-19” focused on adults 65 years or older. Results: Of the 6597 articles screened, 10 met the inclusion criteria. Based on the included articles, the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 was reported under four domains, (1) impact of COVID-19 on quality of life (QoL), (2) concerns related to COVID-19, (3) coping with the impact of COVID-19, and (4) recommendations for future care. Results pertaining to perceived quality of life were inconsistent across the included articles. The most common concerns related to: contracting COVID-19, survivorship transitions, and feelings of isolation. Coping strategies reported by older adults included: spiritual care, lived experience, acceptance, and positive reinterpretation. Conclusions: We found many psychosocial impacts of the pandemic on older adults with cancer. The findings from this review can inform interventions related to shared decision-making and tailored patient care in the future.