Intermittent atrial level right-to-left shunt with temporary hypoxemia in a patient during support with a left ventricular assist device

We report a 56-year-old male patient developing hypoxemia after surgical replacement of infected valves of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD, Novacor) which had supported him during the previous 15 months. Contrast transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) revealed an atrial septal defect with intermittent right-to-left shunt across a patent foramen ovale. We postulate that the shunt detected in this patient occurred as a consequence of reduced pulmonary vascular compliance due to positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and an increase of mean intrathoracic pressure. Furthermore, we hypothesize that synchronized LVAD operation exacerbates any potential right-to-left shunt due to the profound left ventricular unloading which occurs during LVAD support. In this first report of a right-to-left shunt from a previously unrecognized patent foramen ovale in a Novacor patient, the subsequent transient hypoxemia could be managed by avoiding PEEP of more than 3 mmHg, and mean airway pressure of more than 11 mmHg and by careful volume replacement in order to prevent the pump from completely emptying the left ventricle (LV) and the left atrium (LA). Thus, prior to every LVAD implantation a transesophageal contrast echocardiography with Valsalva maneuver should be performed to identify intracardiac right-to-left shunt.     

高位硬膜外麻醉和全麻对婴幼儿动脉导管未闭手术控制性降压的影响

目的观察高位硬膜外麻醉和全麻异氟烷吸入在婴幼儿动脉导管未闭(PDA)手术降压中的临床应用。方法将40例患儿分为2组:高位硬膜外麻醉组(20例)和全麻异氟烷吸入组(20例),观察比较2组的降压效果。结果2组降压效果比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),高位硬膜外麻醉组在手术结束时心血管指标恢复平稳,与全麻异氟烷吸入组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而且拔管时间明显缩短。结论2种降压方法均可行控制性降压,高位硬膜外麻醉使婴幼儿心血管反应更加稳定,对循环系统的扰乱程度轻,保护了婴幼儿的应激反应。     

药物研究与知识产权

本文简要介绍药物研究与知识产权保护之间的密切关系及存在问题.提出了解决问题的对策和方法.     

介入治疗对动脉导管未闭患儿心肌的影响

目的研究PDA介入治疗是否会导致心肌损伤和炎性反应,分析介入治疗致心肌损伤的影响因素。方法选取2008年10月-2010年8月在本院住院的37例PDA患儿。于术前,术后即刻,术后4 h、2 d、3 d、7 d,采集静脉血,应用ELISA法检测其血清心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)和CRP水平,并记录年龄、缺损大小、曝光时间和造影剂量等相关危险因素。应用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计学处理。结果 PDA介入治疗术后即刻、4 h、2 d和3 d cTnI水平分别为0.08(0.00～1.37)μg.L-1、0.09(0.00～0.68)μg.L-1、0.06(0.00～0.96)μg.L-1及0.04(0.00～0.96)μg.L-1,较术前[0.05(0.00～0.58)μg.L-1]升高;术后7 d[0.04(0.00～0.44)μg.L-1]已低于术前水平,高峰出现在术后4 h,与术前cTnI水平比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后各时段cTnI均低于正常水平。于术后4 h CRP[0.36(0.00～28.00)mg.L-1]开始升高,至术后3 d达峰值[7.79(0.20～52.40)mg.L-1],继之下降;与术前[0.30(0.00～17.06)]相比,术后3 d及7 d CRP水平[4.10(0.20～34.57)mg.L-1]均显著升高(Pa<0.05);术后各时段CRP均低于正常水平。年龄、曝光时间、缺损大小和造影剂量等与cTnI变化无明显相关性。结论 PDA介入治疗未引起明显心肌损伤及炎性反应,是一种安全的治疗手段。     

Legal aspects of patenting time

Times of embryonic development are naturally occurring phenomena and, therefore, under the caveat that all things in nature without human intervention are not patentable, should not be patentable.     

基于扎根理论的中成药上市后再评价专家访谈资料分析＊

目的 开展更全面的中成药临床应用资料收集，并对非定量化资料进行定性处理。方法 运用专家深度访谈的方法，以某中成药的临床应用为例，对临床上使用过该中成药的专家进行半结构式访谈，记录并整理访谈资料，引入扎根理论方法进行访谈资料分析。结果 本研究共访谈了10位专家，经扎根理论分析编码，将该中成药的临床应用编码为该药的背景、有效性、安全性、经济便宜性、依从性、临床定位6个主范畴，最终提炼出一个核心类属，并围绕这几个方面的具体信息进行详细分析。结论 通过收集、整理和分析专家经验性信息，丰富了中成药上市后再评价的临床证据集，明确了已上市中成药的临床应用范围，可为后续的临床和科研研究提供证据支持，同时，专家深度访谈和扎根理论分析是对专家经验的挖掘和利用，还可应用于中医经验传承、医者诊疗思维研究等领域。本研究进行了方法探讨和实例验证，以期为后续更高阶的研究奠定基础。     

Successful percutaneous transcatheter patent foramen ovale closure through the right internal jugular vein using a steerable catheter

Percutaneous transcatheter closure of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) remains challenging when femoral venous approach is not available. We describe the successful closure of a PFO using the right internal jugular venous approach and a deflectable catheter delivery system in a patient with a PFO, recurrent stroke, and an inferior vena cava filter. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.